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Qubit, Charge Qubit, Phase Qubit, Flux Qubits

A qubit is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing, utilizing superposition to represent both 0 and 1 simultaneously. Charge qubits, phase qubits, and flux qubits are specific types of qubits used in superconducting quantum computing, each defined by their unique mechanisms involving Cooper pairs and Josephson junctions. These qubits enable advanced computational capabilities that differ significantly from classical binary bits.

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28 views1 page

Qubit, Charge Qubit, Phase Qubit, Flux Qubits

A qubit is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing, utilizing superposition to represent both 0 and 1 simultaneously. Charge qubits, phase qubits, and flux qubits are specific types of qubits used in superconducting quantum computing, each defined by their unique mechanisms involving Cooper pairs and Josephson junctions. These qubits enable advanced computational capabilities that differ significantly from classical binary bits.

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Qubit

Just like a binary bit is the basic unit of information in classical (or traditional)
computing, a qubit (or quantum bit) is the basic unit of information in quantum computing. A
qubit uses the quantum mechanical phenomena of superposition to achieve a linear combination
of two states. A classical binary bit can only represent a single binary value, such as 0 or 1,
meaning that it can only be in one of two possible states. A qubit, however, can represent a 0, a
1, or any proportion of 0 and 1 in superposition of both states, with a certain probability of being
a 0 and a certain probability of being a 1.

Charge Qubit
In quantum computing, a charge qubit (also known as Cooper-pair box) is a qubit whose
basis states are charge states (i.e. states which represent the presence or absence of
excess Cooper pairs). In superconducting quantum computing, a charge qubit is formed by a
tiny superconducting is coupled by a Josephson junction. The state of the qubit is determined by
the number of Cooper pairs which have tunneled across the junction.

Phase Qubit
A phase qubit is a current-biased Josephson junction, operated in the zero voltage state
with a non-zero current bias. A Josephson junction is a tunnel junction, made of two pieces of
superconducting metal separated by a very thin insulating barrier, about 1 nm in thickness. The
barrier is thin enough that electrons, or in the superconducting state, Cooper-paired electrons, can
tunnel through the barrier at an appreciable rate. The difference in the complex phases of the two
superconducting wavefunctions is the most important dynamic variable for the Josephson
junction, and is called the phase difference δ, or simply "phase". In quantum computing, and
more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, the phase qubit is
a superconducting device based on the superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor (SIS)
Josephson junction, designed to operate as a quantum bit, or qubit.

Flux Qubits
The flux qubit was first proposed by Terry P. Orlando et al. at MIT in 1999. A persistent
current will flow continuously when an external magnetic flux is applied. Only an integer
number of flux quanta are allowed to penetrate the superconducting ring, resulting in clockwise
or counter-clockwise super currents in the loop. In quantum computing, more specifically
in superconducting quantum computing, flux qubits (also known as persistent current qubits) are
micrometer sized loops of superconducting metal that is interrupted by a number of Josephson
junctions. These devices function as quantum bits.

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