ACC 1

Masters of
Architecture
Presented By
Ashley Ann S. Caisip
 Historical Masters
• The ancient Egyptians.
• Imhotep was known as master builder in
Egypt.
• Vitruvius a Roman architect and engineer is
also famous with this work titled De
Architectura or the Ten Books of
Architecture.
• Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian polymath of
Pyramid of Djoser the High Renaissance, was also an architect.
Modern
Masters 1 Louis Henry Sullivan 8 Philip Johnson

2 Antoni Gaudi 9 Daniel Libeskind

3 Frank Lloyd Wright 10 Frank Gehry

4 Le Corbusier 11 Richard Rogers

5 Walter Gropius 12 Peter Eisenman

6 Ludwig Mies Ven Der Rohe 13 Norman Foster

7 Alvar Aalto 14 Santiago Calatrava

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

Louis Henry Sullivan (1856 – 1924)
ACC 1

• A American Architect
• He is known as the “Father of Skyscrapers“ and also
“Father of Modernism“.
• He was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright.
• He was inspired by the Art Nouveau architectural
style but his design style focused on the
functionality of the building compared to the
aesthetics of the building.
• “Form Follows Function”
Guaranty
Building
Buffalo, New York 1895-96
Auditorium
Building
and Theatre
Michigan Ave. Chicago,
Illinois 1889
Wainwright
Building
St. Louis, Missouri, USA 1889
Bayard–
Condict
Building
Clinton, Iowa, USA 1899
Antoni Gaudi (1852-1926)
ACC 1

• A Spanish Architect
• A Barcelona-based Spanish Architect whose free-
flowing works were greatly influenced by nature.
• His distinctive style is characterized by freedom of
form, voluptuous color and texture, and organic unity.
• His unique style is characterized as Catalan
Modernism, Art Nouveau, Neo-Gothic.
Sagrada
Família
Barcelona, Spain, begun in
1882 and still unfinished
Casa Vicens
Barcelona, Spain 1883-85
Casa Batlló
Barcelona, Spain 1906
Casa Milà
Barcelona, Spain 1912
Frank Lloyd Wright (1867 –1959)
ACC 1

• An American Architect, Interior Designer, Writer,

and Educator
• Pioneer Master of Modern Architecture
• He was a modern architect who developed an
Organic and distinctly American Style.
• He is best known as a pioneer in the Prairie Style
• His principles in designs are organic colors, simple
geometric shapes, integration of building with natural
surroundings, strong horizontal lines and hidden
entries.
• “Form Function Are One“
Fallingwater
or Kaufman
House
Pennsylvania, USA 1939
Solomon R.
Guggenheim
Museum
New York City, USA 1959
Unity
Temple
Illinois, USA 1908
Ennis
House
California, USA 1924
Robie
House
Chicago, USA 1910
Walter Gropius (1883-1969)
ACC 1

• A German Architect and Art Educator

• Pioneer Master of Modern Architecture
• Founder of the Bauhaus School along with Ludwig
Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, and Frank Lloyd
Wright
• He believed that all design should be functional as
well as aesthetically pleasing.
• His philosophy resulted a clean, simple, modern
design with the use of steel frames and glass
curtains.
The Fagus
Factory
Alfeld an der Leine, Lower
Saxony, Germany 1911
Bauhaus
Dessau, Germany 1933
Gropius
House
Lincoln, Massachusetts,
USA 1938
Bauhaus
Archive
Berlin, Germany 1979
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
ACC 1

(1886-1969)
• A German-American Architect and Educator
• Whose rectilinear forms, crafted in elegant simplicity,
epitomized the International Style of architecture.
• Pioneer Master of Modern Architecture
• He emphasized open space and revealing the
industrial materials used in construction.
• He called his buildings “skin and bones”
archietcture
• “Less is more” and “God is in the details”
Mies van
der Rohe
Pavilion
Barcelona, Spain 1929
Edith
Farnsworth
House
Illinois, USA 1951
Seagram
Building
New York city, USA 1958
S. R. Crown
Hall (IIT
College of
Architecture)
Illinois, USA, 1956
Villa
Tugendhat
Brno, Czech Republic 1930
Le Corbusier (1887-1965)
ACC 1

• The pseudonym for Charles Édouard Jeanneret-

Gris
• A Swiss-French Architect and city planner
• Pioneer Master of Modern Architecture which led him
as a major proponent of the Bauhaus movement and
the International style.
• Ideas: Five Points of Architecture, Le Modulor, Dom-
ino House
• ''Architecture is the learned game, correct and
magnificent, of forms assembled in the light. ''
 ACC 1

Le Corbusier’s
5 Points of a New
Architecture:
• Pilotis
• Roof Garden
• Free Plan
• Ribbon Windows
• Free Façade
Villa Savoye
Paris, France 1931
“The
Radiant
City”
Unité
d'Habitation
de Marseille
Marseille, France 1952
Colline
Notre Dame
du Haut
Ronchamp, France 1954
Palace of
Assembly
Chandigarh, India 1961
La Tourette
Lyon, France 1961
Alvar Aalto (1898-1976)
ACC 1

• A Finnish architect
• He is known as the Father of Modern Scandinavian
design, and also became famous for his furniture and
glassware.
• His works are modernist and functional, yet
classically-inspired.
• The term Nordic Classicism has been used to
describe of Alvar Aalto's early work.
• He transitioned to a rational International style
modernism during the 1930s to a more organic
modernist style from the 1940s onwards.
Paimio
Sanatorium
Paimio, Finland 1933
Baker
House
Dormitory
Cambridge, United States
1949
Villa Mairea
Noormarkku, Finland 1939
Finlandia
Hall
Helsinki, Finland 1971

Säynätsalo
Town Hall
Säynätsalo, Finland 1952
Philip Johnson (1906-2005)
ACC 1

• An American Architect and Critic

• Known both for his promotion of the International
Style and, later, for his role in defining
Postmodernist Architecture.
• Johnson was gay; he came out in public and he was
named “America’s best-known openly gay architect.”
• Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was his mentor with whom
he worked on the widely praised Seagram Building in
New York City.
• “Architecture is the art of how to waste space.”
The Glass
House, or
Johnson
House
Connecticut, USA 1949
Crystal
Cathedral
California, USA 1980
AT&T
Building (now
Sony Tower)
New York City, USA 1984
Lipstick
Building
New York City, United
States 1986
Gate of
Europe
Towers
Madrid, Spain 1996
Daniel Libeskind (1946)
ACC 1

• A Polish-American Architect, artist, professor, and

set designer of Polish Jewish descent.
• His architectural style is closely aligned with
Deconstructivism, drastic angles, strong
geometries, and seamless transitions between
spaces are observed in his buildings.
• He is renowned for his ability to evoke cultural
memory in buildings.
• Daniel Libeskind once summed up his work as
“meaningful architecture that articulates history”
• He truly believes that his work functions as public art
for the people
Royal
Ontario
Museum
Toronto, Canada 1984
Jewish
Museum
Berlin
Berlin, Germany 1999
Imperial War
Museum
North
Manchester, United Kingdom
2002
Extension to
the Denver
Art Museum
Colorado, USA 2006
Run Run
Shaw
Creative
Media Centre
Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
2011
Reflection
at Keppel
Bay
Keppel Bay, Singapore 2011
Frank Gehry (1929)
ACC 1

• A Canadian-American Architect
• He is known for his distinctive architectural style
characterized by a collage-like composition out of
found materials like plywood, corrugated metal and
chain-link fences
• His style is considered Deconstructivist and is
typically characterized by flowing lines, and surfaces
that vary from titanium cladding to metal
Blobitectural modular parts.
• “Every building is by nature a sculpture. Sculpture
is a three-dimensional object and so is a building.”
Dancing
House
Prague, Czech Republic
1996
Guggenheim
Museum
Bilbao
Bilbao, Spain 1997
Museum of
Pop Culture
Washington, USA 2000
Gehry
House
California, USA 2003
Walt Disney
Concert
Hall
California, USA 2003
Richard Rogers (1933-2021)
ACC 1

• A British Architect
• He is best known for his high-tech approach that he
described as “celebrating the components of the
structure”
• He is known for designs exposing the skeleton and
services of buildings, and the use of state-of-the art
materials like stainless steel and glass
• The notion of social integration is one of the other
most important points of his architectural concept.
• His architectural philosophy’s concepts are legible,
transparent, lightweight, systems, urban, public, and
green.
The Centre
Pompidou
Paris, France 1977
Lloyd's
Building
London, England 1986
Millennium
Dome
London, England 1999
One Hyde
Park
London, England 2011
The
Leadenhall
Building
London, England 2014
International
Towers
Sydney
Barangaroo, Australia 2016
 Peter Eisenman (1932)
ACC 1

• An American Architect
• One of the New York Five or The Five Whites, together with
Richard Meier, Michael Graves, Charles Gwathmey and John
Hejduk
• He is one of the foremost practitioners of Deconstructivism in
American architecture.
• He seeks for meaning in architecture not through the use of
historical elements but through the manipulation and
transformation of the architectural forms themselves.
• “I am looking for ways of conceptualizing space that will place the
subject in a displaced relationship because they will have no
iconographic reference to traditional forms of organization. That
is what I have always been trying to do, to displace the
subject, to oblige the subject to conceptualize architecture.”
.
HOUSE VI
Cornwall, Connecticut 1975
Wexner
Center for
the Arts
Ohio, USA 1989
The Greater
Columbus
Convention
Center
Ohio, USA 1993
Aronoff
Center for
Design and
Art
Ohio, USA 1996
Norman Foster (1935)
ACC 1

• An British Architect
• He worked under, was influenced by, Buckminster
Fuller
• He has earned the reputation of being the “Father of
High-tech Architecture”
• His architectural style is typically described as high-
tech and modernist, employs the innovative use of
materials like steel and glass.
• He is also an advocate of something he calls the
“responsibility framework”. This framework outlines
his design philosophy: sustainable architecture with a
focus on visitor experience.
Renault
Distribution
Centre
Swindon, England 1982
Hongkong &
Shanghai
Bank
Central, Hong Kong 1985
Stansted
Airport
Essex, England, United
Kingdom 1991
London City
Hall
London, United Kingdom
2002
30 St Mary
Axe (The
Gherkin)
London, United Kingdom
2003
Apple Park
California, US 2017
Santiago Calatrava (1951)
ACC 1

• A Spanish-Swiss Architect, Structural Engineer,

Sculptor, and Painter
• He's well-known for his groundbreaking designs that
blend architecture and engineering
• His reputation as one of the most renowned
architects stems from his contributions to the
advancement of high-tech architecture
• His works take materials like concrete, glass and steel
beyond the normal bounds his style is often
categorized as Neo-futuristic.
• He is widely known for his sculptural bridges and
buildings.
Hemisfèric
Valencia, Spain 1998
Museu de les
Ciències
Príncipe
Felipe
Valencia, Spain 2000
Quadracci
Pavilion
Wisconsin, USA 2001
Auditorio de
Tenerife
Adán Martín
Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
2003
Turning
Torso
Malmö, Sweden 2005
Thank you for listening!
ARCHITECTURE COMPREHENSIVE COURSE 1

ARCHITECT
DICTUMS
CONCEPTS
PHILOSOPHIES
CONTRIBUTIONS

Presented by:
SHELLA M. REQUIMIN
“There are 360 degrees, so why stick to one?”
ZAHA
“I don't think that architecture is only about shelter... It should
be able to excite you, to calm you, to make you think.”
HADID
“Architecture is really about well-being. I think that people
want to feel good in a space...”

“I have always appreciated those who dare to experiment with

materials and proportions.”

“I really believe in the idea of the future.”

CONCEPTS
Fluidity in design: Exploration of organic, fluid forms
inspired by nature.
Deconstructivism: Challenging architectural norms through
fragmentation and manipulation of forms.
Parametricism: Utilization of computational design
techniques for generating complex architectural forms.

PHILOSOPHY
Embrace innovation and push architectural boundaries.
Create spaces that evoke emotions and enhance well-being.
Believe in architecture's transformative power to shape
societies and experiences.
Advocate for integrating art, architecture, and technology to
create dynamic environments.
CONTRIBUTION

GUANGZHOU OPERA HOUSE, CHINA

CONTRIBUTION

HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTER, EASTERN EUROPE

CONTRIBUTION

LONDON AQUATICS CENTRE, UK

CONTRIBUTION
MAXXI - NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE 21ST
CENTURY ARTS, ITALY
CONTRIBUTION

THE RIVERSIDE MUSEUM, SCOTLAND

 LE
CORBUSIER
“A house is a machine for living in.”

“Man needs nature, nature needs mankind.”

“Space and light and order. Those are the things that men need
just as much as they need bread or a place to sleep.”

“To create architecture is to put in order. Put what in order?

Function and objects.”

“The 'styles' are a lie.”

CONCEPTS

Modernism: Emphasis on functionality, geometric forms,

and industrial materials.
Five Points of Architecture: Pilotis, flat roof terrace,
open floor plan, horizontal windows, free façade.
Modulor: Human scale system based on proportions of the
human body.

PHILOSOPHY
Advocate for functionalism and rationalism in architecture.
Believe in the transformative potential of urban planning to
improve society.
Promote the use of standardized elements and industrial
materials for mass production.
CONTRIBUTION

VILLA SAVOYE, FRANCE

CONTRIBUTION

UNITÉ D'HABITATION, FRANCE

CONTRIBUTION

PALACE OF ASSEMBLY IN CHANDIGARH, INDIA

CONTRIBUTION

NOTRE DAME DU HAUT, FRANCE

CONTRIBUTION

MAISON DE LA CULTURE, FRANCE

“Copiers do not collaborate.” ANTONI
“There are no straight lines or sharp corners in nature.
Therefore, buildings must have no straight lines or sharp
corners.”
GAUDI
“The straight line belongs to Man. The curved line
belongs to God.”

“Artists do not need monuments erected for them

because their works are their monuments.”

“The creation continues incessantly through the media of

man. But man does not create... he discovers.”
CONCEPTS
Organic architecture: Integration of natural forms and
motifs into design.
Structural innovation: Use of catenary arches,
hyperbolic paraboloids, and intricate brickwork.
Symbolism: Incorporation of religious and natural
symbolism into architectural elements.

PHILOSOPHY
Advocate for the harmonious integration of architecture
with nature and culture.
Embrace craftsmanship and artisanal techniques in
architectural construction.
Pursue a deeply spiritual and symbolic approach to
design.
CONTRIBUTION

SAGRADA FAMÍLIA, SPAIN

CONTRIBUTION

PARK GÜELL, SPAIN

CONTRIBUTION

CASA BATLLÓ, SPAIN

CONTRIBUTION

CASA MILÀ (LA PEDRERA), SPAIN

CONTRIBUTION

PALAU GÜELL, SPAIN

“Form follows function - that has been misunderstood. Form
and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union.”
FRANK LLOYD
WRIGHT
“Study nature, love nature, stay close to nature. It will never fail
you.’’

“An architect's most useful tools are an eraser at the drafting

board, and a wrecking bar at the site.”

“Less is only more where more is no good.”

“Space is the breath of art.”

CONCEPTS

Organic architecture: Integration of buildings with their

natural surroundings.
Prairie Style: Emphasis on horizontal lines, open floor plans,
and integration with landscape.
Usonian: Affordable, functional housing designed for the
American middle class.

PHILOSOPHY
Advocate for the unity of form, function, and environment in
architecture.
Embrace innovation while respecting cultural and natural
contexts.
Promote the idea of architecture as a holistic, spiritual
endeavor.
CONTRIBUTION

FALLINGWATER, USA
CONTRIBUTION

SOLOMON R. GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, USA

CONTRIBUTION

TALIESIN, USA
CONTRIBUTION

ROBIE HOUSE IN CHICAGO, USA

CONTRIBUTION

TOKYO IMPERIAL HOTEL IN INUYAMA, JAPAN

“I’m a chameleon, so changeable... I see myself as a gadfly PHILIP
JOHNSON
and a questioner.”

“Architecture is art, nothing else.’’

“Architecture is the art of how to waste space.”

“I got everything from someone. Nobody can be original.

“I hate vacations. If you can build buildings, why sit on

the beach?”
CONCEPTS

International Style: Embrace of functionalism, industrial

materials, and rejection of ornamentation.
Postmodernism: Playful reinterpretation of historical
styles and elements.
Glass House: Exploration of transparency and minimalism
in residential architecture.

PHILOSOPHY
Advocate for the exploration of architectural theory and
experimentation.
Embrace a diverse range of styles and influences in
architectural design.
Promote the idea of architecture as a reflection of societal
values and aspirations.
CONTRIBUTION

GLASS HOUSE, USA

CONTRIBUTION

SEAGRAM BUILDING, USA

CONTRIBUTION

AT&T BUILDING (550 MADISON AVENUE), USA

CONTRIBUTION

CRYSTAL CATHEDRAL, USA

CONTRIBUTION

PPG PLACE, USA

“Less is more.” LUDWIG MIES
VAN DER
ROHE
“Never talk to a client about architecture. Talk to him
about his children. That is simply good politics.’’

“Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space.”

“Architecture starts when you carefully put two bricks

together. There it begins.”

“We should attempt to bring nature, houses, and human

beings together in a higher unity.”
CONCEPTS

Minimalism: Emphasizes simplicity, clean lines,

and open spaces.
Structural Expressionism: Integration of
structure and aesthetics.

PHILOSOPHY

Emphasis on functionalism and rationality in

design.
Belief in the power of simplicity to evoke beauty
and harmony.
Advocacy for architectural integrity and attention
to detail.
CONTRIBUTION

BARCELONA PAVILION, SPAIN

CONTRIBUTION

FARNSWORTH HOUSE, USA

CONTRIBUTION

SEAGRAM BUILDING, USA

CONTRIBUTION

CROWN HALL, CHICAGO

“Function influences but does not dictate form.” EERO
“Confusion comes from trying to amalgamate several
SAARINEN
conflicting ideas.’’

“I have come to the conviction that once one embarks on a

concept for a building, this concept has to be exaggerated
and overstated and repeated in every part of the interior
so that wherever you are, inside or outside, the building
sings with the same message.”

“Experimentation can present great dangers, but there would

be greater danger if we didn't try to explore at all.”

“Always design a thing by considering it in its next larger

context - a chair in a room, a room in a house, a house in an
environment, an environment in a city plan.”
CONCEPTS

Organic Modernism: Integrating natural forms

into modern design.
Expression of Technology: Incorporating new
materials and construction techniques.

PHILOSOPHY

Pursuit of innovation and human-centric design.

Belief in architecture's ability to evoke emotion and
uplift the human spirit.
Commitment to creating timeless and iconic
structures.
Richard Rogers:
CONTRIBUTION

GATEWAY ARCH, USA

CONTRIBUTION

TWA FLIGHT CENTER, USA

CONTRIBUTION

DULLES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, USA

“My architecture tends to be legible, light and
flexible.’’ RICHARD
“Architecture is about public space held by
buildings.’’
ROGERS
“The only way forward, if we are going to improve the
quality of the environment, is to get everybody involved.”

“Architecture is measured against the past; you build in the

future, and you try to imagine the future.”

“Form follows profit is the aesthetic principle of our

times.”
CONCEPTS

High-tech architecture: Emphasizing

technological expression and structural clarity.
Flexibility and Adaptability: Designing
spaces for evolving uses.

PHILOSOPHY

Commitment to sustainability and inclusivity in

design.
Advocacy for democratic architecture that engages
and empowers communities.
Belief in architecture as a catalyst for positive social
and environmental change.
CONTRIBUTION

POMPIDOU CENTRE, FRANCE

CONTRIBUTION

INMOS MICROPROCESSOR FACTORY, UK

CONTRIBUTION

LLOYD'S BUILDING, UK
CONTRIBUTION

MILLENNIUM DOME, UK
“Architecture should speak of its time and place,
but yearn for timelessness.’’ FRANK
“You can look anywhere and find inspiration.’’
GEHRY
“You've got to bumble forward into the unknown.”

“If I knew where I was going, I wouldn't do it.”

“I don't want to do architecture that's dry and

dull.”
CONCEPTS

Deconstructivism: Fragmentation and

distortion of architectural elements.
Use of Unconventional Materials:
Incorporating materials like titanium and chain-
link.

PHILOSOPHY

Embracing the unconventional and challenging

architectural norms.
Prioritizing creativity and artistic expression in
design.
Advocacy for architecture as a form of cultural
expression and social commentary.
CONTRIBUTION

GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM BILBAO, SPAIN

CONTRIBUTION

WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL, USA

CONTRIBUTION

DANCING HOUSE, CZECH REPUBLIC

CONTRIBUTION
RAY AND MARIA STATA CENTER
MASSACHUSETTS, UNITED STATES
CONTRIBUTION
HOTEL BODEGAS MARQUÉS DE RISCALÁLAVA,
LA RIOJA SPAIN
“If you're going to be thinking anything, you might
as well think big.’’ NORMAN
“Everything we design is a response to the specific
climate and culture of a particular place.’’
FOSTER
“You cannot separate the buildings out from the
infrastructure of cities and the mobility of transit.”

“Everything inspires me; sometimes I think I see

things others don't.”

“The pencil and computer are, if left to their own

devices, equally dumb and only as good as the
person driving them.”
CONCEPTS

High-Tech Architecture: Embracing

technological innovation in design and
construction.
Sustainability: Integrating environmental
considerations into architectural solutions.

PHILOSOPHY

Belief in the power of technology to enhance

architectural design and sustainability.
Commitment to creating efficient, functional, and
aesthetically pleasing spaces.
Advocacy for architecture that responds to context,
culture, and the environment.
CONTRIBUTION
30 ST MARY AXE (THE GHERKIN), UK
CONTRIBUTION
CITY HALL, LONDON
CONTRIBUTION
HEARST TOWER, NEW YORK
CONTRIBUTION
REICHSTAG BUILDING, GERMANY
“In architecture you should live for 150 years, because
you have to learn in the first 75 years.” RENZO
“You have to accept as an architect to be exposed to
criticism. Architecture should not rely on full harmony.’’
PIANO
“Architecture is a very dangerous job. If a writer makes a
bad book, eh, people don't read it. But if you make bad
architecture, you impose ugliness on a place for a hundred
years.”

2
“Buildings are for people. They must serve a purpose,
fulfill a need, and bring joy to those who use them.”

“Architecture should be a reflection of society. It

should respond to the needs and desires of the
people it serves..”
CONCEPTS

Lightweight Architecture: Utilizing

lightweight materials and structural systems to
create ethereal and elegant spaces.
Human-Centric Design: Prioritizing the needs
and experiences of users in architectural solutions.

PHILOSOPHY

Emphasis on simplicity, lightness, and transparency

in architectural design.
Belief in the transformative power of architecture to
inspire and uplift individuals and communities.
Commitment to sustainable and socially responsible
design practices.
CONTRIBUTION

POMPIDOU CENTRE, FRANCE

CONTRIBUTION

WHITNEY MUSEUM OF AMERICAN ART, NEW YORK

CONTRIBUTION

JEAN-MARIE TJIBAOU CULTURAL CENTRE, NOUMEA

CONTRIBUTION

CENTRO BOTIN, SANTANDER

CONTRIBUTION

JÉRÔME SEYDOUX PATHÉ FOUNDATION, PARIS

“The essence of Minimalism is simplicity, but simplicity
without depth is merely cheap. It is not enough.” TADAO
“In all my works, light is an important controlling factor.” ANDO
“I don't believe architecture has to speak too much. It
should remain silent and let nature in the guise of sunlight
and wind.”

“You cannot simply put something new into a place. You

have to absorb what you see around you, what exists on
the land, and then use that knowledge along with
contemporary thinking to interpret what you see.”

If you give people nothingness, they can ponder what

can be achieved from that nothingness.
CONCEPTS

Minimalism: Stripping away unnecessary

elements to reveal the essence of space and form.
Integration of Light and Shadow: Using
natural light and shadow to sculpt and animate
architectural spaces.

PHILOSOPHY

Pursuit of simplicity, purity, and spirituality in

architecture.
Belief in the transformative power of space and light
to evoke emotion and contemplation.
Commitment to creating architecture that
harmonizes with its natural and cultural context.
CONTRIBUTION

CHURCH OF LIGHT, OSAKA

CONTRIBUTION

MUSEUM OF WOOD, JAPAN

CONTRIBUTION

SUNTORY MUSEUM AND PLAZA, JAPAN

CONTRIBUTION

AWAJI YUMEBUTAI, JAPAN

CONTRIBUTION
NAOSHIMA CONTEMPORARY ART
MUSEUM & ANNEX, JAPAN
“I design Filipino.”
FRANCISCO
1928-2018

“Architecture must be true to itself, its land, and its

people.”
MAÑOSA
“Three factors make architecture truly Filipino, Filipino
values, Philippine climate and the use of indigenous
materials.”

“This process of creation must strive to express who we

are and define our unique place in this world.”

“Architecture must respond to local conditions.’’

CONCEPTS
Filipino Identity in Architecture: Expressing
Filipino culture, traditions, and lifestyle through
architectural design.
Bahay Kubo Modernism: Reinterpreting the
traditional Filipino bahay kubo with modern
materials and construction techniques.

PHILOSOPHY

Emphasis on creating architecture rooted in Filipino

culture and identity.
Advocacy for the use of indigenous materials and
construction techniques.
Commitment to design excellence and innovation
while staying true to Filipino architectural traditions.
CONTRIBUTION
EDSA SHRINE
CONTRIBUTION
AMANPULO RESORT PALAWAN,
PHILIPPINES
CONTRIBUTION
SAN MIGUEL CORPORATION
HEAD OFFICE
CONTRIBUTION
COCONUT PALACE
 LEANDRO V.
LOCSIN
“Creating Architecture that is both
modern and undeniably Filipino.’’
CONCEPTS
Tropical Modernism: Blending modernist
design principles with indigenous Filipino
architectural elements.
Dramatic Forms: Using bold shapes and
volumes to create visually striking architectural
compositions.

PHILOSOPHY

Emphasis on creating architecture that responds to

its natural and cultural context.
Belief in the power of architecture to evoke emotion
and enrich human experience.
Commitment to design excellence and innovation.
CONTRIBUTION
CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES,
PHILIPPINES
CONTRIBUTION
PHILIPPINE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION
CENTER, PHILIPPINES
CONTRIBUTION
AYALA MUSEUM, PHILIPPINES
 CONCEPTS

JUAN Synthesis of Tradition and Modernity:

NAKPIL
Integrating indigenous Philippine architectural
elements with modern design principles.
Spatial Efficiency: Maximizing functionality
and adaptability within limited spaces.

PHILOSOPHY

Commitment to preserving and celebrating

Philippine architectural heritage.
Belief in the importance of context and cultural
identity in architectural design.
Advocacy for architecture as a form of self-
expression and reflection of society.
CONTRIBUTION
MAGSAYSAY BUILDING, PHILIPPINES
CONTRIBUTION
QUEZON HALL, PHILIPPINES
CONTRIBUTION
THE UP CARILLON, PHILIPPINES
CONTRIBUTION
MANILA JAI ALAI BUILDING, PHILIPPINES
 CONCEPTS
JUAN M.
ARELLANO
Neoclassical Revival: Reviving classical
architectural forms and principles in a
contemporary context.
Civic Architecture: Designing public buildings
that embody civic pride and identity.

PHILOSOPHY

Belief in the role of architecture as a reflection of

societal values and aspirations.
Advocacy for architectural excellence in public
infrastructure projects.
Commitment to preserving and promoting Philippine
architectural heritage.
CONTRIBUTION
MANILA CENTRAL POST OFFICE,
PHILIPPINES
CONTRIBUTION
LEGISLATIVE BUILDING (NATIONAL
MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS), PHILIPPINES
CONTRIBUTION
JONES BRIDGE, PHILIPPINES
 CONCEPTS
ILDEFONSO Vernacular Architecture: Drawing inspiration

P. SANTOS from indigenous Philippine building traditions and

materials.
Sustainable Design: Incorporating passive
design strategies to optimize environmental
performance.

PHILOSOPHY

Advocacy for the preservation and promotion of

Philippine architectural heritage.
Commitment to sustainable and culturally sensitive
design practices.
Belief in the importance of community engagement
and collaboration in architecture.
CONTRIBUTION
CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES,
PHILIPPINES
CONTRIBUTION
SAN MIGUEL CORPORATION
HEAD OFFICE
CONTRIBUTION
RIZAL PARK
THANK
YOU!
MODERN & CONTEMPORARY
ARCHITECTURE
JIRAH MEDRANO
ARCHI 3F
MODERN ARCHITECTURE
- started in the end of 19th century
- Emerged in the 1920s in Europe and the United
States
- It began as a response by Architects to rapid
technological advances and greater urbanization of
society at the turn of the century.

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Simplicity and clarity of forms and elimination
of “unnecessary detail“
• Visual expression of structure
• The related concept of “Truth to materials“
• Use of industrially-produced materials;
adoption of the machine aesthetic

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING

- Midtown Manhattan, New York City
 ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE
- is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human
habitation and the natural world.
- The term “Organic architecture” was first created by the great American
architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867– 1959), who is still the most famous designer
to work in this style.
FALLINGWATER in Mill Run, Pennsylvania
- Frank Lloyd Wright, 1937
TALIESIN WEST in Scottsdale, Arizona
- Frank Lloyd Wright, 1911
 ART NOUVEAU
- Is a style of art and architecture that was most popular during 1890– 1910,
primarily in Europe.
- This style was inspired by natural forms and structures, not only in flowers and
plants, but also in curved lines.
- The most famous person to work in this style was Antoni Gaudí, a Catalan
architect whose work can be seen in many places in Barcelona, Spain.
CASA MILÀ in Barcelona, Spain
- Antoni Gaudí, 1912
SAGRADA FAMÍLIA in Barcelona, Spain
- Antoni Gaudí, 1883-2026
 BAUHAUS
- The Bauhaus originated as a German school for architecture and the arts
founded by Walter Gropius in 1919.
- A distinctive style characterized by an emphasis on function, little
ornamentation, and a fusion of balanced forms and abstract shapes.
Characteristics include functional shapes, abstract shapes used sparingly for
décor, simple color schemes, holistic design, and basic industrial materials like
concrete, steel, and glass.
DESSAU BAUHAUS in Germany
- Walter Gropius, 1926
FAGUS FACTORY in Germany
- Walter Gropius, 1911
 ART DECO
- Is an eclectic artistic and design style that began in Paris in the 1920s and
flourished internationally throughout the 1930s, into the World War II era.
- Art deco's linear symmetry was a distinct departure from the flowing
asymmetrical organic curves of its predecessor style Art Nouveau. It was
influenced by many different styles of the early twentieth century, and also drew
inspiration from ancient Egyptian and Aztec buildings.
- William Van Alen was an American art deco architect who known for designing
the iconic Chrysler Building in New York City, which is widely regarded as one of
the most important Art Deco buildings in the world.
ROCKEFELLER CENTER in New York, NY
– Raymond Hood, 1939
CHRYSLER BUILDING in New York, US
– William Van Alen, 1930
MANILA METROPOLITAN THEATER
in Manila, Philippines
- Juan M. Arellano, 1931
THE NICANOR B. REYES SR. HALL OF FEU in Quezon Blvd, Philippines
- Pablo Antonio, 1939
 INTERNATIONAL STYLE
- was a major architectural style that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s. It is more
focused on efficiency than on decoration. Skyscrapers in the International style
have a square or rectangular footprint, are covered with glass windows on the
outside, and have faces at 90-degree angles.
SEAGRAM BUILDING in New York, NY AMA PLAZA in Chicago, United States
– Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, 1958 – Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, 1972
 MID-CENTURY MODERN
Mid-Century modern is an architectural, style taken from mid-20th century
developments in modern design from roughly 1933 to 1965. This style combines
many elements of the earlier styles, like the Art Deco, with curved lines and
symmetry, and combines them with some of the simplicity of the International
style.
NATIONAL CONGRESS OF BRAZIL Brasília, Brazil –
Oscar Niemeyer – 1957
PALÁCIO DA ALVORADA in Brasília, Brazil
– Oscar Niemeyer, 1958
 METABOLISM
- The Metabolist movement emerged at the Tokyo meeting of the 1960 World
Design Conference
- Metabolism was a post-war Japanese movement that infused megastructures
with organic biological growth. Influenced by Marxist theories and biological
processes, a group of young designers including Kiyonori Kikutake, Kisho
Kurokawa and Fumihiko Maki published their Metabolism manifesto in 1960,
giving the style significant public attention.
- Characteristics include modularity, prefabrication, adaptability, and strong core
infrastructures.
SHIZUOKA PRESS AND BROADCASTING CENTER NAGAKIN CAPSULE TOWER in Tokyo, Japan
in Tokyo, Japan – Kisho Kurokawa, 1970
– Kenzo Tange, 1967
 BRUTALISM
- Brutalism emerged in the 1950s, coined by British architects Alison and Peter
Smithson
- Derived from the ‘Béton brut’ (raw concrete) first associated with Le Corbusier,
the style is characterized by monolithic forms, rigid geometric styles, and unusual
shapes. Brutalist buildings, often government projects, educational buildings, or
high-rise apartments, are typically clad in rough unfinished concrete.
ROYAL NATIONAL THEATRE in London, England
– Denys Lasdun, 1976
THE MARSEILLE BUILDING / UNITÉ D’HABITATION DE
MARSEILLE, Marsille, France
– Le Corbusier, 1952
CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES in Pasay, Metro Manila
– Leandro V. Locsin, 1969
PHILIPPINE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER in Pasay, Metro Manila
– Leandro V. Locsin, 1976
 POSTMODERN ARCHITECTURE
- Postmodern architecture began as an international style the first examples of
which are generally cited as being from the 1950s but did not become a
movement until the late 1970s. In Postmodern architecture, the simple,
functional shapes of the modernist style are replaced by diverse aesthetics: styles
collide, form is adopted for its own sake, and new ways of viewing familiar styles
are found.
- Robert Venturi, an iconoclastic architect often considered the father of
postmodernism who rejected sterile, glass-cube structures in favor of an
inclusive, eclectic style that embraced community values and a touch of vulgarity
THE PORTLAND BUILDING in Portland, United State
– Michael Graves, 1982
VANNA VENTURI HOUSE in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
– Robert Venturi & John Rauch, 1964
 HIGH-TECH ARCHITECTURE
- High-tech architecture, also referred to as Structural Expressionism emerged in
the 1970s, was a late modern style merging technology and building design.
- Using advances in material and technology, the style emphasized transparency
in design and construction, communicating the structure and function of the
building through exposed elements. Characteristics include overhanging floors, a
lack of internal structural walls, exposed servicing, and adaptable spaces.
- Led by architects Richard Rogers, Norman Foster, Michael and Patty Hopkins,
Nicholas Grimshaw and Renzo Piano, high-tech architecture was the last major
style of the 20th century.
Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, France
– Renzo Piano Building Workshop & Richard Rogers, 1977
LLOYD’S OF LONDON BUILDING in London, England
– Richard Rogers, 1986
 DECONSTRUCTIVISM
- The style came to prominence in the 1980s.
- Derived from postmodernism, Deconstructivism is characterized by an absence
of harmony, continuity, or symmetry in buildings. Deconstructivism often
manipulates the surface skin of a structure, creating non-rectilinear shapes that
distort and dislocate elements, hence evoking notions of unpredictability and
controlled chaos.
- The key proponents of the deconstructivism movement are Peter Eisenman,
Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas, Daniel Libeskind, Bernard Tschumi and
Wolf Prix.
VITRA DESIGN MUSEUM in Weil am Rhein, Germany
– Frank Gehry, 1989
GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM in Bilbao, Spain
– Frank Gehry, 1997
OTHER FAMOUS EXAMPLES
OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
EMPIRE STATE BUILDING 30 ST. MARY AXE (THE GHERKIN) BURJ KHALIFA
- New York, United State - London England - Dubai, United Arab Emirates
 TAIPEI 101 TRANSAMERICA PYRAMID SPACE NEEDLE
- Taipei, Taiwan - San Francisco, California - Seattle, Washington
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE
- the architecture of the 21st century.
- No single style is dominant; contemporary
architects are working in several different styles,
from postmodernism, high-tech architecture and
deconstructivism to highly conceptual and
expressive forms and designs.
- Contemporary architecture isn’t a movement

GALAXY SOHO by ZAHA HADID

- Beijing, China
 FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

FORM – tends to distance itself from straight lines by opting more for curved lines, instead.
MATERIALS – It aims at the use of new materials for both the interior and the exterior.
Traditional materials like glass, wood, brick, and metals are preferred. Plants also have their
place within contemporary architecture, particularly on roofs and walls.
WINDOWS - Larger and more plentiful windows are also a characteristic of contemporary
architecture. Multiple openings and their uncommon positioning, panoramic windows, window
walls, and skylights have all entered the playing field.
BLUE PLANET in Copenhagen, Denmark
- 3XN, 2013
HEYDAR ALIYEV CULTURAL CENTER in Baku, Azerbaijan
- Zaha Hadid, 2012
WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL in Los Angeles, California
– Frank Gehry, 2003
 FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS - sustainable elements are required. Contemporary

architecture allows you to build a home that far exceeds current environmental standards.
ANIMATED ARCHITECTURE - Sophisticated exterior building lighting, projections on facades
that are often capable of interacting with passers-by and water.
REINFORCED CONCRETE ADVANCES - Reinforced concrete has a wide use in
contemporary architecture. It can be moulded reinforced concrete into almost any shape
imaginable.
CCTV HEADQUARTERS in Beijing, China
– Rem Koolhaas (OMA Architecture), 2008
CENTRAL LIBRARY in Seattle, Washington
– OMA Architecture, 2004
THANKS

CREDITS: This presentation template was created

by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and
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 PHILIPPINE
ARCHITECTURE

PRESENTED BY NATHANAEL C. DEL ROSARIO

FIRST FILIPINO
DW ELLINGS
EARLY PERIODS
EARLY PERIODS
• The indigenous tribes of the Philippines that were quite a
diverse group and of nomadic nature had little art of building to
speak of.
• Their architectural art was revealed in their houses of nipa,
cogon and bamboo.
• Suitable to the tropical conditions of the islands.
• During this period, Filipinos established their villages near
bodies of water where mostly food were taken from the sea,
also from agricultural environment.
• In both environment houses were not built permanently &
therefore light & flexible materials were used.
• 25,000 B.C. Ancient Negroid people immigrate to the
Philippines over a land bridge then still connecting the
archipelago with the Asian mainland.
• They are food gatherers and hunters, and the forefathers of
today's Negritos. These people use bows and arrows and stone
made implements. They live in caves.
CAVE DWELLINGS
Cave dwellings is the earliest human habitation.

- The Tabon Cave, Palawan had been inhabited for 30,000

years
- Tabon cave are a set of caves in Quezon, Palawan,
Philippines. They are famous for the found skullcap remains
of the Tabon Man, which are 22,000 years old. Bones of
elephants have also been found in the area signifying that
the Philippines was once connected to mainland Asia.
LEAN -T O
-earliest type of shelter which man built is called Lean-To,
consisted of a simple, single pitched roof resting on an
inclined series of rafters made- up of tree branches w/ the
end resting of the ground & the other end resting horizontal
wooden lintel supported
-Wind breaks or windscreens as the first attempt at building
-Served as shelters during a hunting or food gathering
journey
-Made of light branches and fronds, but strong enough to
Mindanao & Sulu Region withstand a storm
TREE HOUSES
-Perched on forked b ra n c h e s o f t re e s, u p t o 6 0 fe e t a b o ve
t h e g ro u n d
-P re ve n t e d a t t a c k b y a n im a ls a n d h u m a n e n e m ie s
BAHAY KUBO, Nipa
Hut/ House
Lowlands in the Philippines
• Bahay evolved from the word “balai” which means
house, Kubo derived from “cubo”, a Spanish word for cube
• The height of the walls is equal to its width and this
gives a boxy appearance or a cube-shaped house.
• In the 16th century, bahay kubo were used only for few
years then abandoned.
Example:
-Agricultural soil wears out
-Abandon the house when a member dies to avoid misfortune
• Varies across regional and ethnic lines
• Structure of light materials supported by posts elevated
from 2.50m to 5.00m from the ground
-Moist ground and flood
-Protection from vermin and other animals of the low ground
• Built close to each other as a community and to serve
the defensive need of the inhabitants.
BAHAY KUBO, Nipa
Hut/ House
Lowlands in the Philippines
• Bahay evolved from the word “balai” which means
house, Kubo derived from “cubo”, a Spanish word for cube
• The height of the walls is equal to its width and this
gives a boxy appearance or a cube-shaped house.
• In the 16th century, bahay kubo were used only for few
years then abandoned.
Example:
-Agricultural soil wears out
-Abandon the house when a member dies to avoid misfortune
• Varies across regional and ethnic lines
• Structure of light materials supported by posts elevated
from 2.50m to 5.00m from the ground
-Moist ground and flood
-Protection from vermin and other animals of the low ground
• Built close to each other as a community and to serve
the defensive need of the inhabitants.
Construction Method -Papangkol– two panels of vertical?split bamboo are clamped
together for the panels to grip each other, keeping the rain from
1. Assembling is like basket making coming in.
2. Parts are woven, fitted, inserted, coiled, tied or basket, stitched -Samil refers to several layers of nipa leaflets that have been
together using nearly the same materials in producing a basket. combed lengthwise over bamboo slats
3. Consists of various kinds of wood, rattan, cane, bamboo, palm, -Coconut leaves, cogon grass and anahaw palm leaves
nipa, bark or cogon. -Wall sidings surround grass and anahaw palm leaves
4. Steep roofs either of gable (dos aguas) or hip (quatro aguas) -Sidings of the walls are kept in place with the help of the rattan
type made extensively of nipa shingles or cogon thatched roofs lashings, horizontal bamboo studs clamp the sidings together on
5. Molave is the favored wood for house post (haligi) both sides and at the same time, the studs enter through holes
6. Post stand in variety of ways: into the sidings’ vertical support: the bamboo poles that stand
-Holes may be dug and posts inserted in between the roof beams and the floor sill
-Mount the posts on flat stone slabs. 9. Silong, the space underneath the house is and airy siding
7. Floor is of bamboo slats spaced from each other at regular woven by passing bamboo strips that are long and thin over and
intervals under horizontal studs in alternate sequence, called “sala”
-Light and air to pass through even of the windows are closed 10.Doors are of “sala” and are attached to post with rattan hinges
-Vegetables to ripen 11.Windows of the awning-type have nipa or buri-palm window
-Conducive for sleeping iv. Even to throw waste matter out coverings that can either slide from side to side or pushed out by
through the gaps a pole that serves also as support when at rest.
8. Wall sidings are assembled in the ground and are made of: 12.Usually no ceilings and room divisions, however when
-Flattened split bamboo woven together into herringbone required, room partitions are low and do not reach underside of
patterns to form sawali the roof or the ceiling to allow the circulation of air within the
house.
Terminologies: • Gililan – floor sills run around the outermost
periphery of the soleras to support walls
• Halige – house posts
• Kahab-an – connects the bottom ends of the rafters
together
• Kilo – rafters
• Palatpat – bamboo strips tied on to the rafters with
rattan vines as the main support of the roofing
• Palupo – ridge pole
• Patukaran – beam laid over the yawi at right angle,
thus completing the perimeter.
• Pawid – nipa shingles made by stripping leaves from
the petiole and bending them
• Sahig – slatted floor. Rattan or bamboo strips tie the
different parts to each other.
• Sikang – poles which cross the rafters halfway down
the slope
• Soleras – floor joists are laid
• Tarugo – wooden peg over a narrow bamboo slats
• Yawi – master beam, which runs from one, post to
the other and is lashed to with rattan
PARTS OF THE BAHAY KUBO:

1. Bulwagan (Living Room) The custom was sit on mats 5. Bangahan Later hispanized into a banguerra, where
spread out on the floor, sometimes around the dulang, pots, dishes and other utensils are kept.
low table. Chairs and tables were still unknown. 6. Batalan Porch that opens from paglutuan
2. Silid (Sleeping Area) Sawali partition divides the 7. Silong The lower part of the house used as an
bulwagan and silid where chestsand woven trunks enclosure for keeping domesticated animals such as
(tampipi) keep clothes and personal belongings. Some swine and fowl and storage for household implements,
houses have no furnishings except for a few: goods, crops and is some cases as burial grounds for
-papag - built in bed, the dead
-dulang - a low table 8. Kamalig A separate storehouse on stilts where
-bangko - bench unhulled rice is kept
3. Paglutuan or “gilir” May sometimes be a separate
structure where food is being prepared
4. Dapogan Consists of table, river stones and a shoe
shaped stove (kalan)
MANGYAN
HOUSE
In the mountains and hillsides of Mindoro

• Elevated at 1.50m to the surrounding platform

• One room structure of 6.00m x 10.00m (or sometimes even
smaller)
• Rectangular in plan
• Palaganan is a passageway from the main door, set much
lower than the platforms. Made of large logs laid parallel to each
other where visitors can sleep or used for extra storage space.
• Walls are made of the bark of the trees and were constructed
a meter or less above the floor.
• The opening allowed the occupants to observe the exterior
without being seen from the outside.
IVATAN HOUSE
Region 2: Chavayan, Sabtang Island, Batanes

• Composed of main islands of Sabtang, Bataan and Ibayat

• Strong typhoons and earthquakes
• Magnificent vistas and people
• Ivatans – locals live in the place long before the Spaniards
colonizers arrived.
• Savidug Ijang
- Ancient fortifications on a high promontory giving a strategic
view of the sea and surrounding land areas
- Curved out hard limestone rock and gaps filled with built-up
walls of rocks
- Slope of cliffs and villages built along the sides and tops of
rocky hills of Batanes
- Houses are constructed or repaired through a cooperative
system known as kaybaybanaan or kamanyidugan
- Ensemble of compact structures:
i. Main House
ii. Cooking house, sometimes a storage house double as sleeping
quarters during cold months from November to March iii. Toilet
and bathroom
• Sinadumparan or Maytuab
- Depending on the roof configuration
- One-storey main house with a partially submerged basement
used as storage
- Very thick stone and lime masonry walls are topped with dos
aguas or quarto aguas roof
- Distinctive roof system – built up of 6 layers, a meter of cogon
bundles together by 12 persons. Some houses use roof nets
called panpe made of strong ropes thrown over the roof and
fastened to the ground by pegs.
• Rakuh (Two-storey house of Batanes)
- Bigger in floor area with the lower level used as storage
- Walls are constructed of lime mortar binder with stones of
graduated sizes usually, biggest at the bottom
- Two doors and windows are located on the three walls
- Blank wall is placed against the direction of the strongest wind Rakuh (Two -st o re y h o u se o f
that hits Batanes Ba t a n e s)
• Jin-jin
- Walls are of woven cogon thatched with bamboo or wood
framework - Roof is multilayered cogon system
ISNEG HOUSE
Northwesterly end of northern Luzon, in the upper half of
the Cordillera province of Apayao

• The Isneg have always built their settlements on the small hills
that lie along the large rivers of the province.
• Also known as the Binuron house, it appears to have been
influenced by boat design
• The roof resembles in an inverted hull; gable type; half-section
of bamboo laid on like shingles
• It has a total number of 15 posts wherein 8 inner posts support
the floor, 6 posts support the roof and 1 post “atobtobo”
support the end of the ridge
• Tarakip- an annex attached to one or both end of the ridge
• The side walls’ vertical planks may be removed to make a
window
• The flooring is made of reed mat which can be rolled up for
washing
KALINGA HOUSE
KALINGA

•Binayon or Finaryon
- Octagonal house (the house of the rich)
- Supported by 12 posts, wherein it has 4 inner posts and 8 outer
posts to form an octagon
- The roof is hipped, not high and steep, made of bamboo
- The flooring is made of reed mat, on one side, the floor is
removed leaving a space that extends from the ground level to
the roof
• Upper Kalinga
- The floor area is divided into one wide middle section
“dattagon” and slightly narrow elevated side sections “sipi”
- “kinimpal” is the roof system using several layers of bamboo
- “tinalob” has only 2 layers of bamboo (for poor) it has 4 inner
posts constitute the house’s core support; outer posts at each
corner of the house support the roof
BONTOC HOUSE

• Fayu House
- Basic form is like the Ifugao house except that the quarters are
on ground level and the house cage serves as the granary
- The walls are up to waist level, leaving a continuous opening
protected by the eaves
- A “Falig” is granary for richer people adjacent to their house
- The Fayu has a lot of sections having specific names for its
area is quite bigger
IFUGAO HOUSE
CAR: Banga-an, Banau, Ifugao

• An enclosed structures resting on four tree trunks as

columns
• Square in plan, covered by four steeply pitched roof made
of thatch. A stair w/c can be drawn & kept from the ground
for protection
• The floor ht. is about 1.50m to 2.00 m can be found in the
mountains of Cordillera

• Fale House
• Kiangan House
• Mayoyao House
KANKANAY HOUSE
• Binangiyan House
- A high, steep, hipped roof, which conceals the house cage
- It has 4 posts which support the house cage; wherein the roof
is supported by the upper frame of the house
- The walls are primary made of narra or pine
- The living quarters consist of main area where the fireplace is
located and a small room at the rear
- The house has only one entrance and the door is decorated
with flutings
- It has no rat guards
T’BOLI HOUSE
High elevation of the mountain ranges of South Cotabato
and Sultan Kudarat Provinces, South of Mindanao
• Live in harmony with nature with a colorful lifestyle through
their outfits, dances and music
• T’boli house are fully ornamented
• T’boli house in general:
- Located near the banks of scenic Lake Sebu or on a hilly
portions
- House vary according to difference in economic stability
- Polygamy is practiced and adds to the number of residents in a
house
- Three or four houses form a cluster
- Remain cool in tropical weather because it is elevated on stilts
and has a roof with overhang

KOTA/KUTA or Fortress An early Filipino constructed forts in

Mindanao, Sulu as well as in Manila and Mindoro against enemy
attacks. Inside the kota is the Torogan.
TOROGAN
Region 10: Pagalunan, Taraka, Maranatao, Lanao del Sur

• Marananos live in settlements of the shores of Lake Lanao

road an the hilly ‘dry rice areas’
• Homes are lined along rivers, lake shores and roads
• Ranggar - small Islamic prayer housed would be located in
the community
• Three major house typology:
- Lawig - small houses
- Mala-a walai - large house, a necessity in the polygamous
culture
- Torogan

Torogan (place for sleeping) - Serve many purposes such as

the residences of the royal family, the warrior’s den, storage
house, ammunition areas as well as ceremonial
- Posts rest on round stones to allow the house flexibility to
sway with earthquake tremor.
-Panolong - The Torogan, a royal vessel, features a row of
carves, giant nagas, and wavelike patterns in okir design,
creating a floating appearance.
SULU HOUSES
Sea Nomads of the Philippines—Samal, Tausog, Yakan and
Badjao

• The Philippines being an archipelago have naval

architecture
• Inhabitants who live in maritime regions have for centuries
constructed boats and watercrafts for travel and fishing
purposes
• Houses varies among the different Muslim communities in
the form of houses:
- On stilts along the shoreline
- Land houses built completely over the sea with no
attachment to the shoreline
- Houseboats which is home and fishing boat to Badjao
TAUSUG HOUSE
- Tausugs are known as seafarers, but build their houses on
land.
- A site is considered lucky of it is flat and fry or gently slopes
westwards towards Mecca
- Traditional house rests on nine posts each signifying a part
of the body— neck, shoulders, navel, ribs, groin and hips
- One-room house includes a porch and separate kitchen
- Distinguishing feature of the house is an elaborately carved
wooden finial, Taju Pasung placed at one or both ends of the
roof ridge
YAKAN HOUSE
- Majority of the Muslim group were originally from the island
province of Basilan
- Known for traditional hand-weaving skills that produced Yakan
blankets
- Lumah, a traditional house is a rectangular about 50.00m to
100.00sq.m elevated on timber posts about 2.00m above the
ground
- Cluster around the langgal or local prayer house.
- Houses face east and beliefs mandate that building materials
be stockpiles also on the east.

THREE MAJOR PARTS

-Main house - single room dwelling
-Kitchen – both for cooking and dining. A bridge connects the
kitchen to the main house
-Porch or Pantan – main entry to the house that may be open or
roofed. The main wooden ladder to the house is located here.
Water jars or dagtung, large bamboo crafted as water containers
are placed here.
BADJAO HOUSE
- True sea gypsies of the south
- Spotted in channels of Tawi-tawi province on where fishes
and corals abound their livelihood
- Use shelter as a means of travel which they usually do in
groups
- Mobile shelter which allows them to flee to safe grounds in
the event of typhoon or pirate attacks
- The dapang, one of the many types of house boats, comes
in varied sizes and lengths and is fitted with outriggers and
used not only for shelter but also for fishing
- The boat prows are usually decorated with okir designs
- Unlike the Samal House, the Badjao land house stands
alone on an expanse of water and is reached only by boat.
- Bridges or catwalks to the shore or other houses do not
join it.
BAHAY NA BATO
SPANISH COLONIAL
ARCHIT ECT URE
The Spanish Colonial Period in the Philippine architectural development is mainly
manifested in the following structures:
- Dwellings/Houses
- Churches

DWELLINGS
Bahay Kubo to Bahay na Bato

• 1571-1583 – First buildings built were similar to the native constructions and were
built of nipa and cane “el estilo pais” or wood and bamboo plus nipa thatch “madera
y cana”
• Gov. Santiago de Vera – passed a law that buildings must be constructed from
masonry using volcanic stones: adobe after the great fire.
• 1863-1880 – earthquakes shook Mania and destroyed many buildings
• The Spaniard administration passed a legislation to regulated building works -
Introduced new techniques and materials - Modernized traditional methods
ARQUITECTURA
MEST IZA
• Between 17th and 19th century – new form of construction
that responded both to earthquakes and tropical climate (heat
and heavy rainfall) also applied to other type of buildings:
- Weight of roof was carried by stout post and not by walls
- Lower wall of stone and mortar function as mere curtain over
the 2nd storey timber structure
- Upper storey became more transparent and with fenestration
like ventanilla (sliding window) built at floor level
- Synthesis which combined stone with wood
- 17th century houses are two storeys
- Ground floor with very thick walls
- Upper storey made of wood with overhanging balconies
(volada) with windows made of capiz
PARTS OF BAHAY NA BATO
• Ground Floor:
- Zaguan – carriages and saint’s float (andas) are kept
- Bodega – a storage room for keeping old furniture and play bins
- Aljibe – water cistern found underneath the azotea
- Cuadra – the horse stable
- Entresuelo – mezzanine elevates at about a meter from the ground and found
underneath the master bedroom
- Patio – an enclosed courtyard open to the sky and adjacent to the zaguan
PARTS OF BAHAY NA BATO
• Second Floor:
- Caida – the most immediate room from the stairs used for entertaining guests
- Sala – the living room where balls and dances are held during special occasions
- Cuarto, Alcoba, Dormitorio – bedroom
- Volada, Balcon – overhanging balcony
- Comedor – dining room
- Cocina – kitchen
- Dispensa – pantry; adjacent to the kitchen for food storage
- Comun, Latrina – toilet that is adjacent to the service area
- Bano, Paliguan – bathroom built separately
- Azotea – open terrace
• Protective Elements:
- Hipped roof pitched steeply from 30° to 60° with ceiling height from 3.00m to 4.50m
- Clay tile and nipa but later revised by GI sheets
- Overhang eaves surround the house
- Roof vent are provided for air ventilation

• Circulatory Elements:
- Approach to 2nd floor is through a grand stairway of 2.00m wide. First 3 is made of
marble
- And rest of wood with handrails of carved wooden baluster (barandillas)
- Window – sliding panels with capiz shells or wooden jalousies (persianas)
- Smaller ventanillas are placed below the large window sill and often with grilles
- For additional protection, window awnings (tapancos or media aguas) were placed
over the window openings
- Tracery (calados)
– continuous air circulation in the interior found in the upper wall above the window
CHURCHES IN THE
P HILIP P INES
BARASOAIN
CHURCH,
Malolos, Bulacan
Built on 1630, it is the seat of the Revolutionary Congress
where the First Filipino Constitution was drafted and
ratified

The church's facade features a distinctive oval-based

Baroque design, derived from the classical temple form,
with intricate details and elements from romanesque and
Neo-classic styles.

served as the seat of the Malolos Congress, drafting the

Malolos constitution, and inauguration of the First
Philippine Republic in January 23, 1899
BINONDO CHURCH,
MANILA
Also known as Minor Basilica of St. Lorenzo Ruiz and Our
Lady of the Most Holy Rosary Parish

Early builders: Dominicans (1596)

Supervision of the dome by Domingo

Cruz y Gonzalez (1781) In 1596, Dominican priests founded

Binondo church to serve their Chinese converts to
Christianity as well as to the native Filipinos

The architectural style of the church is Spanish or European

Baroque.
CALASIAO CHURCH,
PANGASINAN

Parish Church of Saints Peter and Paul

2nd best bell tower

Designed by Fr. Ramon Dalinao

The Calasiao Church exudes a Spanish and Latin American-

style facade of bricks and cement integrated with
indigenous Philippine works of art in a fusion of Southeast
Asian styles. It features a Baroque design, intricately
painted ceilings, an elevated dome, and a majestic carved
exterior preserved for centuries.
LAOAG CHURCH,
ILOCOS NORT E

St. William’s Cathedral

Designed by Fr. Joseph Ruiz

The church is also famous for its "Sinking Bell Tower",

which sinks into the ground at a rate of an inch a year. It
has survived several minor earthquakes since its
construction, causing scholars to label it an Earthquake
Baroque style structure.

Architectural Style: Italian Renaissance

LAS PINAS
CHURCH

St. Joseph Parish Church, otherwise known as the Las Piñas

Church or Bamboo Organ Church, is a Roman Catholic parish
church in Las Piñas, just south of the city of Manila in the
Philippines.

Designed by Fr. Diego Cera in (1792) and restored by Archt.

Francisco Manosa (1975)

Architectural Style: Earthquake Baroque

LABOC CHURCH,
Loon town, Bohol

known as the San Pedro Apostol Parish Church

it is the crowning glory of the Recollect churches in bohol in

1850s.

Also knows as The Church of Our Lady of Light, it is the

biggest church in Bohol.

It is built with Baroque architecture.

MALATE CHURCH,
MANILA
Malate Catholic Church

Early builders: Augustinians (1591) Rebuilding of the church

by: Columban fathers (1950’s)

This Mexican Baroque-style church is overlooking Plaza

Rajah Sulayman and, ultimately, Manila Bay. The church is
dedicated to Nuestra Señora de los Remedios, the
patroness of childbirth. A revered statue of the Virgin Mary
in her role as Our Lady of Remedies was brought from Spain
in 1624 and stands at the altar.
MANILA CATHEDRAL,
P laza Roma, Intramuros,
Manila

Architectural style: Romanesque Revival architecture

founded in 1571

Its highlights include the dome-like ceiling, stained glass

windows and mosaics, detailed symbolic representations,
marble floors and columns, and restored walls.

The seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Manila is presently

the 6th cathedral to rise on the site since 1581.

Previous structures were destroyed by typhoons,

earthquakes, fire, and the last war.
MORONG CHURCH,
RIZAL
St. Jerome Parish Church

Designed by Fr. Blas dela Madre

It was built during the Spanish period in the country, with

stones from a hill called Kay Ngaya; lime from the stones of
the mountain Kay Maputi; and sand and gravel from
Morong River.

Exquisite Spanish Baroque style

PANAY CHURCH
Santa Monica Parish Church

The church is built of coral blocks and is approximately 70

metres long, 25 m in width and 18 m in height; the walls are
about 3 metres thick. The church has an unusually large
bell, the largest in the country and in all of Asia.

the largest bell, from 30 sacks of coins donated by

townspeople.

Architectural Style: Filipino Colonial Neo-Classical Baroque

QUIAPO CHURCH

Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene

Early builders: Franciscans, then original plan designed by

Juan Nakpil (1933).

The façade of the Quiapo Church is prominent with its

baroque style. Seen with its unique construction, the church
is also distinctive with the different religious statues that are
present in it.
SAN SEBASTIAN
CHURCH, P laza del
Carmen, Quiapo, Manila

This small jewel-box church is the first all-steel church in the

Philippines and in Asia; and the second in the world.

Design for the church was finished in 1883 and was

prefabricated in Belgium.

The completely knocked-down church was shipped backed

to the Philippines in 6 ships.

Architectural style Neo-Gothic

SANTA CRUZ
CHURCH, MANILA
The Jesuits built the first Catholic church in the area where
the present Santa Cruz Parish stands on June 20, 1619. The
original church design was made of stone and wood

On June 3, 1863, an earthquake destroyed the church.

Agustin de Mendoza began reconstruction work on the
church in 1868.

Architectural Style: Mission Revival

VIGAN CHURCH,
ILOCOS SUR
St. Paul’s Cathedral

Located within the grid iron planned streets of a colonial

town

Baroque elements include protruding columns and solid

frames; three arched doorways leading to three naves at the
first level, guarded by ionic pillars with Chinese Fu dogs

Urn-like finial at pediment

TAAL CHURCH,
BATANGAS

Basilica de St. Martin de Tours

1858: Fray Marcos Anton, with the help of the architect Don
Luciano Oliver, started construction; the church was
completed in 1878

Built on top of a hill and may be reached through flagstone

steps, unobstructed by other buildings

Façade: arched windows alternate with Ionic columns at

first level, Corinthian at upper level; projected cornices and
moldings; three pediments
TUMAUINI CHURCH,
ISABELA
San Matias Parish Church

Begun 1783-1788 by Dominican Domingo Forto and town

mayor Pablo Sason;

Pampango artisans carved the hardwood molds for the clay

insets that decorate the church

Ultra-baroque, unique for its extensive use of baked clay

both for wall finishes and ornamentation

Ornamental details : serpentine reliefs, spiral curves,

flowers, foliage, sun faces, cherubs and saints

Circular bell tower with white limestone finish, decorated

with bright red clay rosettes and festoons
SAN AGUSTIN
CHURCH, Gen. Luna
cor. Real Street,
Intramuros, Manila

The oldest stone church in Metro Manila and in the

Philippines dates back to 1571

An intricately carved door opens to the church. Of great

interest are the Baroque pulpit, molave choir stalls, and an
18th century pipe organ

t is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The church is built in the Spanish-Mexican baroque style

and has a 14-sided dome, which is the oldest in the
Philippines.
PAOAY CHURCH,
Laoag, Ilocos
Norte
This fortress-like church is probably the most popular in this
area finished on 1710.

It is famous for its distinct architecture highlighted by the

enormous buttresses on the sides and back of the building.

In 1993, the church was designated as a UNESCO World

Heritage Site as one best examples of the Spanish colonial
earthquake baroque Churches of the Philippines.

Cathedral is made of reinforced concrete and features a mix

of Spanish and Gothic Revival style architecture.
MIAGAO CHURCH,
ILOILO
Present church was built 1786-1797 under the supervision
of fray Francisco Gonzales Maximo; a storey was added to
the left belfry in 1830

Also served as fortress against Muslim pirates, simple and

massive structure mixed with ornate details

Local botanical motifs at façade reliefs reminiscent of cookie

cutouts (de gajeta), used to describe 16th century Mexican
architectural reliefs

The church's over-all architectural style falls under the

Baroque-Romanesque style.
SANTA MARIA
CHURCH, ILOCOS SUR

Constructed late 18th century, 85 steps leading to the

church and was built by Augustinian Benigno Fernandez

Massive brick church perched on a hill

Façade has circular buttresses, three openings and a blind

niche, semi circular pediment
AMOUS FILIPINO
ARCHIT ECT AND
T HEIR WORK
Pablo S. Antonio
(January 25, 1901 – June 14, 1975)

He was a Filipino architect who pioneered modern Philippine architecture and

was recognized in some quarters as the foremost Filipino modernist architect of
his time.

AWARDS:
• 1976 Conferred the rank and title of National Artist of the Philippines by
President Ferdinand Marcos.

"Buildings should be planned with austerity in mind and its stability forever as
the aim of true architecture, that buildings must be progressive, simple in design
but dignified, true to a purpose without resorting to an applied set of aesthetics
and should eternally recreate truth"
FA MO U S WO R KS
LUIS MARIA ZARAGOSA ARANETA

Far Eastern University (1939) Ideal Theater Manila Polo

LUIS MARIA ZARAGOSA
ARANETA
(Born on July 9, 1916)

Arch. Araneta is the son of the first Filipino Secretary of Finance and Justice,
Gregorio Araneta and Carmen Zaragoza.

After graduating from the University of Santo Tomas in 1939, his career began to
take shape. Unfortunately, this was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II.
During the Japanese invasion of the Philippines, he served in the underground
movement and was imprisoned at Fort Santiago in 1943.

Throughout his career, Arch. Araneta held esteemed positions, including President,
Vice-President and Board Director of various business organizations. He was
likewise affiliated with several cultural and educational institutions.
FA MO U S WO R KS
LUIS MARIA ZARAGOSA ARANETA

Makati Medical Center (May Santa Catalina College Times Theater (1939)
31, 1969)
JUAN MARCOS Y DE
GUZMÁN ARELLANO
(April 25, 1888 - December 5, 1960)

A filipino architect who attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and graduated
in 1908.

His first passion was painting and he trained under Lorenzo Guerrero, Toribio
Antillon, and Fabian de la Rosa.

Arellano pursued architecture in the United States, attending Pennsylvania

Academy of the Fine Arts in 1911 and completing his bachelor's degree at Drexel.

later took a study leave and went to the United States where he was greatly
influenced by Art Deco architecture
FA MO U S WO R KS
JUAN ARELLANO

Manila Central Post Office Old Legislative Building Manila's Metropolitan

(1926) (National Museum)
OTILLO A. ARELLANO
(1916 - May 13, 1981)

Otilio Arellano is the son of Arcadio Arellano and the nephew of Juan Arellano.

He rose into the Architectural Profession during the 50s to 60s, becoming the one
of the architects representing the Philippines in some International Expositions.

He was also chosen by Imelda Marcos to restore the Metropolitan Theater, his
uncle’s Art Deco masterpiece
FA MO U S WO R KS
OTILLO A. ARELLANO

Philippine Pavilion (1964) Palacio del Governador RCBC Building

 CARLOS D. ARGUELLES
(born: September 15, 1922)

He graduated in 1939, then served a year in the Philippine Army as a reserve

officer.

His designs have a distinct international style which must have been honed during
his schooldays in the University of Santo Tomas (UST) and later at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he obtained his Bachelor in
Architecture in 1941 and Masterate in Architecture in 1946.

His remarkable achievements and performance in the college paved the way for his
appointment as Dean of the UST College of Architecture and Fine Arts from 1954
to 1959.

In 1973, he became a Trustee of the International School and a year later, a trustee
of OB Montessori Center Inc, as well.
FA MO U S WO R KS
CARLOS D. ARGUELLES

Aglipayan Church Philippine National Bank Metropolitan Bank and Trust

Company
LORENZO LICAD CALMA
He studied Architecture in Mapua Institute of Technology in 1954

Lor Calma was one of the pioneers of modern interior design.

In 1962, he was called by Agustin Gamboa and Agustin Cancio to help design the interiors
of the New Manila International Airport by Federico Ilustre.

After this, a partnership between Cancio and Calma in interior and furniture design was
forged and the first school in Interior design was established, the Philippine School of
Interior Design.

AWARDS:
2010 Most Outstanding Kapampangan Award in Arts & Architecture
2006 Philippine Institute of Interior Design – Hall of Fame
1997 Phil. Regulatory Commission – Outstanding Professional of the year in Interior Design
1992 Philippine Institute of Interior Design – Hall of Fame Award
FA MO U S WO R KS
LORENZO LICAD CALMA

College of St. Benilde School of

Asian Development Bank
Design & Arts Building (April
Interiors
2007
CESAR CONCIO
(November 30, 1907 - April 27, 2003)

Cesar Concio is the first University Architect of the University of the Philippines.

one of the architects selected by President Roxas in 1947 to study the trends in
Architecture and Engineering to design the buildings of the Capital City.

The mission led to a meeting with Oscar Niemeyer, revealing his influence on his
designs, particularly the parabolic Church of the Risen Lord at the University of
the Philippines, Diliman.

“The structure must be well oriented.”

AWARDS:
1964 Philippine Institute of Architects Gold Medal of Merit
1969 Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award
FA MO U S WO R KS
CESAR CONCIO

Baclaran Church Church of the Risen Lord Insular Life Building

WILLIAM
COSCOLLUELLA
Principal Architect of the W.V. Coscolluela & Associates (WVCA) which was
established in 1957.

In his fifty-three years of experience, he has been involved in a variety of local

projects that include commercial, industrial, and mixed-use of developments, as
well as residential, educational, and recreational projects.

“More on Vertical Approach.”

FA MO U S WO R KS
WILLIAM COSCOLLUELLA

32-storey one Beverly Place Centro Escolar University The Atrium

(2012) Complex
CRESENCIANO DE
CAST RO
studied architecture at the University of Santo Thomas in Manila, earning
Bachelor's degree in 1950.

He gained popularity through the design of some suburban houses in the emerging
high-end suburbs outside of Manila. His PNRI building witnessed the first nuclear
reaction in the country and heralded the country’s entrance to the Atomic Age.

he designed his buildings in the absolute modernist tones

FA MO U S WO R KS
CRESENCIANO DE CASTRO

Asian development bank Centro Escolar University

Complex
GABRIEL F ORMOSA
Started his career in the 1950’s and by the 1960’s; he was already successful and
became the most popular architect of the residences of the posh Makati villages

AWARDS
1979 PRC Outstanding Architect of the Year
1977 Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan
1973 Republic Cultural Heritage Awards 1
1990 United Architects of the Philippines Likha Award
FA MO U S WO R KS
GABRIEL FORMOSA

Asian Institute of Management Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas G.T. International Tower (2001)
(1968) (1933)
LEANDRO V. LOCSIN
(August 15, 1928 - November 15, 1994)

A Filipino architect, artist, and interior designer, known for his use of concrete,
floating volume and simplistic design in his various projects.

In his visit to the United States, he met some of his influences, Paul Rudolph and
Eero Saarinen. It was then he realized to use concrete, which was relatively cheap
in the Philippines and easy to form, for his buildings.

“Creating Architecture that is both modern & undeniably Filipino.”

AWARDS:
1990 He was proclaimed a National Artist of the Philippines for Architecture by
the late former President Corazon C. Aquino.
FA MO U S WO R KS
LEANDRO V. LOCSIN

Cultural Center of the Folk Arts Theater Ayala Museum (old)

Philippines
ANDRES LUNA DE SAN
P EDRO
(1886-1952)

One of the greatest painters in the turn of the century Philippines. He is the
renowned painter of Spoliarium.

Andres Luna de San Pedro is the son of Juan Luna to Paz Pardo de Tavera. He was
taught painting in Manila’s School of Arts.

He studied Arts in Europe where he got a diploma in 1911 and went on to study
Architecture and finished in 1918. Upon his return to Manila, the city government
appointed him the chief Architect, a position he held from 1920 to 1924
FA MO U S WO R KS
ANDRES LUNA DE SAN PEDRO

Legarda Elementary School Crystal Arcade Manila Hotel - part (1912)

FRANCISCO TRONQUED
MANOSA
(Born on July 9, 1916)
Francisco Mañosa is a Filipino architect and national artist. graduated in University of
Santo Tomas. He is a member of the National Commission on Culture and Arts, a
trustee of the Katutubong Filipino Foundation, and a Fellow of the United Architects of
the Philippines.

described as "The most outspoken champion of Indigenous Filipino Architecture"

(Mimar, 28, June, 1998) Mr. Mañosa has championed the cause of "Philippine
Architecture for Filipinos," bringing local architecture to new heights, both nationally
and internationally.

“Architecture must respond to local conditions.”

AWARDS:
1982 Papal Awardee of the Noble Knighthood of the Pontifical Order of St. Gregory the
Great
2003 Recipient of the 7th LIKHA Gold Medal Award given by the United Architects of
the Philippines
FA MO U S WO R KS
FRANCISCO TRONQUED MANOSA

Coconut palace (1978 ) San Miguel Corporation (1984) Shrine of Our Lady Queen of
Peace
TOMAS MAPUA
(December 21, 1888 - December 22, 1965)

The first registered Architect of the Philippines.

He was sent to the United States to study in Boone’s Preparatory School and finally
finishing Architecture in Cornell University in 1911.

He founded what is to become the Philippines’ top Architecture and Engineering

school, the Mapua Institute of Technology.

He also founded the first Architectural Association in the Philippines,

AWARDS:
1954 Philippine Institute of Architects Gold Medal of Merit
1964 PatnubayngSining at Kalinangan
FA MO U S WO R KS
TOMAS MAPUA

J. Mapua Memorial Hall Librada Avelino Hall, (Centro Pier 7 (1918)

(Mapua Institute of Escolar University)
Technology)
FELIPE MARCELINO
MENDOZA
(May 26, 1917 – April 28, 2000)

Aside from being an architect, Felipe Mendoza was also an Physical Planner. He
formed a partnership with Gabino de Leon and Homero Ingles but formed his own
architectural firm in 1951.

“He makes the fullest possible use of natural light & ventilation.”

AWARDS:
Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan,
1976 UAP Likha Award,
1982 PRC Outstanding Architect of the Year, 1982
FA MO U S WO R KS
FELIPE MARCELINO MENDOZA

Philippine Veterans Bank Batasang Pambansa (1978) Development Academy of the

Philippines
ANGEL E. SANCHO
NAKP IL
(1914-1980)

An eminent architect, parents were Enriqueta Sancho and Ramon Nakpil, a

government pensionado in the United States who studied industrial design.

The national artist Juan Nakpil was his cousin

Nakpil finished high school at De la Salle College (now a university), and

architecture at the University of Santo Tomas in 1936.
FA MO U S WO R KS
ANGEL E. SANCHO NAKPIL

National Press Club (1955) Picache Building (mid 1950s) Lopez Museum Bldg
JUAN FELIPE de JESUS
NAKP IL
(May 26, 1899 - May 7, 1986)
He was a Filipino architect, teacher and a community leader.

In 1933, he had established with other top architects the Philippine Architects
Society (later renamed Philippine Institute of Architects) and served as its first
president.

In 1941, Nakpil founded the Philippine College of Design with many of the leading
architects like Andres Luna de San Pedro, Juan Arellano, Pablo Antonio and
others, until World War II interrupted this project.

AWARDS:
Most Outstanding Professional in Architecture,
1951 (from the Philippine Association of Board Examiners)
1973 The first National Artists for Architecture
1973 Dean of Filipino Architects.
FA MO U S WO R KS
JUAN FELIPE de JESUS NAKPIL

Quezon Hall, U.P. Diliman Quiapo Church Times Theater (1939)

FERNANDO HIZON
OCAMP O
(August 7, 1897 – June 13, 2001)

He was a Filipino Architect and Civil Engineer. Being one of Manila's renowned
architects, Ocampo was educated at the Ateneo de Manila A.B., in 1914; University
of Santo Tomas, Civil Engineering, 1919; and University of Pennsylvania, Bachelor
of Architecture, 1921. He spent two years traveling in Europe, giving particular
attention to architectural designs.
FA MO U S WO R KS
FERNANDO HIZON OCAMPO

Manila Metropolitan Cathedral Fathers Residence, UST (1933) Angela Apartments

DOLLY QUIMBO PEREZ
Arrived in January 1963 with a Masters Degree in Landscape Architecture from
the University of California, Berkeley;

Architect Perez is also known as the Mother of Landscape Architecture in the

Philippines
FA MO U S WO R KS
DOLLY QUIMBO PEREZ

Dambana ng Kagitingan Rizal park Landscape Libingan ng mga bayani

FELIX Y ARROYO ROXAS
SR.
He was the first Filipino architect, and a prominent member of the Roxas family.

He was trained in Europe in 1884 and spent his early career in England and India.
When he returned to the Philippines, he developed an affection for Revivalist
architecture.

For the San Ignacio Church he imagined a new neoclassical building more in
temper to the legacy of the Jesuits.

Another church that he designed was the neogothic Santo Domingo Church in
Intramuros, also destroyed in the Battle of Manila 1945.
FA MO U S WO R KS
FELIX Y ARROYO ROXAS SR.

Sto. Domingo Church (1875) San Ignacio Church (1889)

ROQUE RUANO
(August 16, 1877 – March 5, 1935)

Rev. Fr. Roque Ruaño, O.P was a Spanish priest-civil engineer. He was known after
he drew up plans for University of Santo Tomas (UST) Main Building, the first
earthquake-shock resistant building in Asia,

He first arrived in the Philippines in the year 1904. Upon arrival to the country, he
served his first few years in the Colegio de San Juan de Letran as Father Rector. He
transferred to the University of Santo Tomas and was able to obtain a Doctorate
in Civil Engineering.
FA MO U S WO R KS
ROQUE RUANO

Dominican Residences in UST Main bldg.

Baguio City
ILDEFONSO PAEZ
SANT OS
(January 23, 1897)

He pioneered the landscape architectural profession in the Philippines.

He graduated in the University of Santo Tomas in 1954 with a degree in the field of
architecture. He then pursued a second degree in Architecture, as well as a Master
of Architecture degree, in the University Of Southern California School Of
Architecture.

AWARDS:
June 9, 2006 He was awarded as national artist for his outstanding achievement in
architecture and allied arts.
FA MO U S WO R KS
ILDEFONSO PAEZ SANTOS

Loyola Memorial Park Eternal Gardens Rizal Park (part)

ANTONIO SINDIONG
A past president of the Philippine Institute of Architects during the year 1960-
1962

He designed several buildings such as SM Megamall in Mandaluyong and Harrison

Plaza Shopping Center in Manila.
FA MO U S WO R KS
ANTONIO SINDIONG

Farmer’s Plaza Shopping Center SM Megamall Mandaluyong Harrison Plaza Shopping Center
ANTONIO M. TOLEDO
Antonio Toledo was one of the first Pensionados for Architecture along with
Carlos Baretto, Juan Arellano, and Tomas Mapua.

He was one of the pioneer professors of Mapua Institute of Technology founded

by his fellow pensionado Tomas Mapua and taught there until 1967

AWARD:
1961 Philippine Institute of Architects Gold Medal of Merit Award
FA MO U S WO R KS
ANTONIO M. TOLEDO

Cebu Provincial Capitol (1937) Manila City Hall (1939) Leyte Provincial Capitol
CARLOS A. VIOLA
(April 8, 1912 - July 31, 1994)

Arch. Viola was one of tvery first graduates of the College of Architecture of the
University of Santo Tomas in 1935.

He first worked in the office of Juan Nakpil as a draftsman, eventually rising to

associate architect from 1946-1950.

His first exposure to the Iglesia Ni Cristo group was executed under Nakpil's
company through the Bishop's Palace in San Juan, Manila.

AWARD:
1961 Philippine Institute of Architects Gold Medal of Merit Award.
FA MO U S WO R KS
CARLOS A. VIOLA

Iglesia Ni Cristo Central Office Iglesia Ni Cristo Central Temple Iglesia Ni Cristo, Cubao
LIKHA GOLD MEDAL
AWARDEES
LIKHA GOLD MEDAL AWARDEES

Felipe M. Mendoza, FUAP Leandro V. Locsin, FUAP Gabriel P. Formoso, FUAP

1982 1987 1990
1st Likha Awardee 2nd Likha Awardee 3rd Likha Awardee
LIKHA GOLD MEDAL AWARDEES

Cesar V. Canchela, FUAP Manuel T. Manosa, FUAP Angel Lazaro, Jr., FUAP
1995 1996 2000
4th Likha Awardee 5th Likha Awardee 6th Likha Awardee
LIKHA GOLD MEDAL AWARDEES

Francisco T. Manosa, FUAP Geronimo V. Manahan, FUAP Edilberto F. Florentino, FUAP

2003 2005 2006
7th Likha Awardee 8th Likha Awardee 9th Likha Awardee
LIKHA GOLD MEDAL AWARDEES

Norberto M. Nuke, FUAP Froilan L. Hong, FUAP Yolanda David-Reyes, FUAP

2009 2013 2014
10th Likha Awardee 11th Likha Awardee 12th Likha Awardee
LIKHA GOLD MEDAL AWARDEES

Prosperidad C. Luis, FUAP Philip H. Recto, FUAP

2017 2019
13th Likha Awardee 14th Likha Awardee
 NATIONAL ARTIST
F OR ARCHIT ECT URE
JUAN FELIPE de JESUS
NAKP IL
(May 26, 1899 - May 7, 1986)

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE (1973)

Nakpil's significant contribution is his belief in Philippine Architecture, promoting

Philippine traditions and culture. His efforts allowed private Filipino architects to
participate in government projects, integrating strength, function, and beauty.

AWARDS:
1973 The first National Artists for Architecture
Architects.
PABLO S. ANTONIO
(January 25, 1901 – June 14, 1975)

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE (1976)

He was a Filipino architect who pioneered modern Philippine architecture and was
recognized in some quarters as the foremost Filipino modernist architect of his
time.

"Buildings should be planned with austerity in mind and its stability forever as
the aim of true architecture, that buildings must be progressive, simple in design
but dignified, true to a purpose without resorting to an applied set of aesthetics
and should eternally recreate truth"

AWARDS:
• 1976 Conferred the rank and title of National Artist of the Philippines by
President Ferdinand Marcos.
LEANDRO V. LOCSIN
(August 15, 1928 - November 15, 1994)

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE (1990)

A Filipino architect, artist, and interior designer, known for his use of concrete,
floating volume and simplistic design in his various projects.

He designed 75 residences and 88 buildings, including 11 churches and chapels, 23

public buildings, 48 commercial buildings, six major hotels, and an airport terminal
building.

“Creating Architecture that is both modern & undeniably Filipino.”

AWARDS:
1990 He was proclaimed a National Artist of the Philippines for Architecture by the
late former President Corazon C. Aquino.
ILDEFONSO PAEZ
SANT OS
(January 23, 1897)

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE (2006)

Pioneered the practice of landscape architecture–an allied field of architecture–in

the Philippines and then producing four decades of exemplary and engaging work
that has included hundreds of parks, plazas, gardens, and a wide range of outdoor
settings that have enhanced contemporary Filipino life.

AWARDS:
June 9, 2006 He was awarded as national artist for his outstanding achievement in
architecture and allied arts.
JOSÉ MARÍA V.
ZARAGOZA
(1912-1994)

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE (2014)

He was known for designing several edifices during the postwar era. His works
include the Meralco Building in Ortigas, Union Church of Manila, and Sto. Domingo
Church in Quezon City.

AWARDS:
In 2014 he was awarded as national artist for his outstanding achievement in
architecture and allied arts.
FRANCISCO TRONQUED
MANOSA
(Born on July 9, 1916)

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE (2018)

Enriched the Philippine culture and identity. His works boasted the indigenous designs
and how the endemic craft was superior in itself as well as imbuing Filipino identity
through materials and processes.

“Architecture must respond to local conditions.”

AWARDS:
1982 Papal Awardee of the Noble Knighthood of the Pontifical Order of St. Gregory the
Great
2003 Recipient of the 7th LIKHA Gold Medal Award given by the United Architects of
the Philippines
FIRST REGISTERED
ARCHIT ECT S
TOMAS MAPUA
(December 21, 1888 - December 22, 1965)

The first registered Architect of the Philippines.

Works:
- J. Mapua Memorial Hall, Intramuros
- Librada Avelino Hall, Centro Escolar University, Manila
- Mapua Institute of Technology
- Nurses’ Home, PGH
- St. La Salle Hall, DLSU, Taft
CARLOS BARETTO
Holds the distinction as the first pensionado architect

1st Filipino architect with the academic title MO-A

Works:
-Carnival infrastructures of 1935
ANTONIO M. TOLEDO
Antonio Toledo was one of the first Pensionados for Architecture along with Carlos
Baretto, Juan Arellano, and Tomas Mapua.

Works:
- Cebu Capitol
- Department of Tourism
- Department of Finance
- Leyte Provincial Capitol
- Manila City Hall
- Manila Customs House
CHERI MENDELBAUM
Francis “Cheri” Mandelbaum, was an American architect. He went to Manila in
1904 to work for the American Government, building up the new territory they had
just acquired from the Spanish.

Built homes for the wealthy in pre-war Manila, and taught architecture at the
University of Sto Tomas.

He was interned as a POW because he was an American citizen. Evelyn’s father,

Ernest Berg, on the other hand, was born and raised in Germany and came to
Manila in the late 1920’s. When war broke out on Dec. 8th, 1941 he had already
built 32 Red Star Auto Stores throughout the Islands, and Berg’s Escolta, a well-
known modern department store during its heyday.
ARTHUR GABLER -
GUMBERT
O n e o f t h e m o s t n o t a b le fo re ig n a rc h it e c t s in t h e P h ilip p in e s .

Works:
-The China Bank Building: A Beaux Arts Beauty
-Yutivo Hardware Building
-Plaridel Masonic Temple
-Manila Gas Corporation Building
TOMAS ARGUELLES
an architect and surveyor studied at Ateneo municipal de manila, colegio
San Juan De Letran and Escuela de Artes y Oficios. Elected fellow of
Philippine institute of architecture (PIA)
Works:
-Eight-storey Heacock’s Department

Other First Registered Architects:

-Joan Villegas
-Sidney Rowlands
-Juan Altiveros
-Isidro del Valle
THANK YOU!!