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D-4 DifferentialReinforcement - EN

Differential reinforcement procedures involve using reinforcement and extinction to modify behavior, with various types including DRA, DRO, DRI, DRH, and DRL. DRA increases desirable behaviors while decreasing undesirable ones, DRI reinforces incompatible behaviors, and DRO reinforces the absence of specific inappropriate behaviors. DRH and DRL focus on reinforcing high and low rates of behaviors, respectively.

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6 views14 pages

D-4 DifferentialReinforcement - EN

Differential reinforcement procedures involve using reinforcement and extinction to modify behavior, with various types including DRA, DRO, DRI, DRH, and DRL. DRA increases desirable behaviors while decreasing undesirable ones, DRI reinforces incompatible behaviors, and DRO reinforces the absence of specific inappropriate behaviors. DRH and DRL focus on reinforcing high and low rates of behaviors, respectively.

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glen9204
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© © All Rights Reserved
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D-4- Implement

differential reinforcement
procedures
Differential Reinforcement Procedures

Differential reinforcement procedures, involve applying reinforcement and


extinction to increase or to decrease the occurrence of behaviors.
There are various types of differential reinforcement procedures:
- Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA),
- Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO),
- Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviors (DRI),
- Differential Reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL).
- Differential Reinforcement of High Rates of Behaviors (DRH)
Differential Reinforcement of
Alternative Behaviors (DRA)

DRA is a behavioral procedure used to increase the frequency of a desirable


behavior and to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors.
The desirable behavior is reinforced each time it occurs. This results in an
increase in the future probability of the desirable behavior.
At the same time, any undesirable behaviors that may interfere with the
desirable behavior are not reinforced. This results in a decrease in the future
probability of the undesirable behaviors.
Thus, DRA involves combining reinforcement for a desirable behavior and
extinction of undesirable behaviors.
• When a child yells for his mother's attention, she ignores
Example him, but when he taps her on the shoulder, she responds
immediately.
When a boy hits his father to get away from his homework,
Example he doesn't let her get away, but when she verbally asks for
a break, he immediately gives her a break.
Differential Reinforcement of
Incompatible Behaviors (DRI)

In differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors, you will reinforce


appropriate alternative behaviors that cannot exist simultaneously with
inappropriate behaviors while placing the inappropriate behaviors into
extinction.

The alternative behavior is physically incompatible with the problem


behavior; therefore, the two behaviors cannot occur simultaneously.
Example
A child tends to bite his nails when he
sees a dog.
His mother instructs him to put his
hands in his pockets, and when he
does it while the dog is present, she
reinforces his behavior.
Biting his nails and putting his hands in
his pockets cannot exist
simultaneously.
Examples
• For example, if the problem behavior is head-slapping,
in which individuals slap themselves on the side of the
head with their hands, any alternative behavior
involving the use of the hands would be an
incompatible behavior.
• Playing with toys or completing tasks that involve the
manipulation of materials with their hands would be
examples of incompatible behaviors that could be
reinforced to replace the head-slapping in a DRI
procedure.
Differential Reinforcement
of Other Behaviors (DRO)

In differential reinforcement of other behaviors, you will


reinforce one's behaviors when a specific inappropriate
behavior is absent during a specified time.
Example

A child has a tendency to scream


in the classroom.
His RBT reinforces his behavior every 5 minutes only when he is not
screaming throughout the 5-minute intervals. (He could still engage in
other inappropriate behaviors and receive a reinforcer as long as he is not
engaging in the specific inappropriate behavior.)
Important!!
• It is important to note that the term differential reinforcement of
other behavior (DRO) may be confusing.
• Although the name of the procedure suggests that you will reinforce
other behavior, in fact, you will reinforce the absence of the problem
behavior.
Differential
Reinforcement of High
Rates of Behaviors
(DRH)

In differential
reinforcement of high rates
of behaviors, one's
behavior will be reinforced
when the rate of response
is higher than a
predetermined criterion.
Differential Reinforcement of
Low Rates of Behaviors (DRL)

In differential reinforcement of low


rates of behaviors, one's behavior
will be reinforced when the rate of
response is lower than
predetermined criterion.
Thanks!

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