Question ID c966ad55 1.

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: c966ad55
The following text is from Srimati Svarna Kumari Devi’s 1894 novel The Fatal Garland (translated by A. Christina
Albers in 1910). Shakti is walking near a riverbank that she visited frequently during her childhood.
She crossed the woods she knew so well. The trees seemed to extend their branches like welcoming arms.
They greeted her as an old friend. Soon she reached the river-side.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A. It suggests that Shakti feels uncomfortable near the river.
B. It indicates that Shakti has lost her sense of direction in the woods.
C. It emphasizes Shakti’s sense of belonging in the landscape.
D. It conveys Shakti’s appreciation for her long-term friendships.
Question ID 066a3295 1.2

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: 066a3295
Researchers have found a nearly 164,000-year-old molar from a member of the archaic human species known as
Denisovans in a cave in Laos, suggesting that Denisovans lived in a wider range of environments than indicated by
earlier evidence. Before the discovery, Denisovans were thought to have lived only at high altitudes in relatively
cold climates in what are now Russia and China, but the discovery of the tooth in Laos suggests that they may
have lived at low altitudes in relatively warm climates in Southeast Asia as well.
Which choice best states the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A. It dismisses as untrue the research presented in the previous sentence.
B. It defines a term used in the description that follows in the rest of the sentence.
C. It emphasizes the main goal of the research introduced in the previous sentence.
D. It provides context that clarifies the significance of the information that follows in the rest of the sentence.
Question ID e13171c4 1.3

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: e13171c4
Historians Tiya Miles and Roy E. Finkenbine have both documented the assistance Indigenous peoples gave to
Black freedom seekers leaving the South before the US Civil War. Much of the historical evidence of this help
comes from Indigenous oral traditions and from autobiographies written by the freedom seekers. One such
narrative is Jermain Loguen’s autobiography, which tells about how Neshnabé (Potawatomi) villagers offered him
food, lodging, and directions during his 1835 journey from Tennessee to Canada.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence?
A. It provides an example of an autobiography that describes help given by an Indigenous people to a Black
freedom seeker.
B. It shows why Loguen decided to write in great detail about his experiences traveling from Tennessee to
Canada in his autobiography.
C. It argues that autobiographies are particularly important sources of information about geography in the United
States before the Civil War.
D. It suggests that most historians believe that Neshnabé villagers were more successful in assisting freedom
seekers than other people were.
Question ID e929fe98 1.4

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: e929fe98
Composer Florence Price won first place for her score Symphony in E Minor at the 1932 Wanamaker Foundation
Awards. The piece was performed the following year by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, a significant
recognition of its quality. Price continued to compose many musical pieces throughout her career, blending
traditional Black spirituals with classical European Romantic musical traditions. In recent years, Price’s concertos
and symphonies have been performed and recorded by several major orchestras, further preserving her work for
others to enjoy. price award and her work
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. To provide examples of Price’s importance as a composer
B. To argue that more major orchestras should perform Price’s compositions
C. To describe the musical styles that inspired many of Price’s symphonies
D. To compare Price’s scores with those of classical European composers
Question ID ea971260 1.5

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: ea971260
The following text is adapted from Louisa May Alcott’s 1869 novel An Old-Fashioned Girl. Polly, a teenager, is
visiting her friend Fanny.
Fanny’s friends did not interest Polly much; she was rather afraid of them [because] they seemed so much
older and wiser than herself, even those younger in years. They talked about things of which she knew
nothing and when Fanny tried to explain, she didn’t find them interesting; indeed, some of them rather
shocked and puzzled her.
not good relation ship between polly and fanny friends
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. To portray Polly’s reaction to Fanny’s friends
B. To identify the topics Polly talks about with Fanny’s friends
C. To explain how Fanny met some of her friends
D. To illustrate how Fanny’s friends feel about Polly
Question ID c8603ed7 1.6

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: c8603ed7
San Francisco is known for the colorful murals painted on many of its buildings. The densest collection of murals
is found on Balmy Alley in the Mission District neighborhood. In the 1970s, Latina artists painted vivid scenes of
community life on walls along this block. As the original murals have faded, later generations of artists have
painted new ones over them. As a result, Balmy Alley has become a living showcase of San Francisco’s artistic
spirit, with its murals reflecting changes in the cultural life of the city.
art in sanfrancisco
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. To compare the Balmy Alley murals to other murals in San Francisco
B. To offer an overview of the history and importance of the Balmy Alley murals
C. To urge people to protect the murals of San Francisco from decay
D. To describe the rise of mural painting in San Francisco beginning in the 1970s extreme language
Question ID a68239ed 1.7

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: a68239ed
The following text is adapted from Oscar Wilde’s 1897 nonfiction work De Profundis.
People whose desire is solely for self-realisation never know where they are going. They can’t know. In one
sense of the word it is of course necessary to know oneself: that is the first achievement of knowledge. But
to recognise that the soul of a man is unknowable, is the ultimate achievement of wisdom. The final mystery
is oneself. When one has weighed the sun in the balance, and measured the steps of the moon, and mapped
out the seven heavens star by star, there still remains oneself. Who can calculate the orbit of his own soul?
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined question in the text as a whole?
A. It reinforces the text’s skepticism about the possibility of truly achieving self-knowledge.
B. It speculates that some readers will share the doubts expressed in the text about the value of self-knowledge.
C. It cautions readers that the text’s directions for how to achieve self-knowledge are hard to follow.
D. It concedes that the definition of self-knowledge advanced in the text is unpopular.
Question ID a2dd51c1 1.8

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: a2dd51c1
In most building demolitions, the building materials are destroyed and sent to landfills. City officials in Portland,
Oregon, wanted to reduce this waste. The officials passed a law requiring demolition companies to deconstruct
some buildings instead. Deconstruction involves carefully taking buildings apart piece by piece. Damage to the
materials is avoided so that they can be reused in new constructions. A 2019 study found that 27 percent of
materials from deconstructions in Portland were able to be reused. The remaining materials were processed for
recycling instead of going to a landfill. new approach for the demolition --> deconstruct
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. To explain an effort made by the city of Portland to reduce demolition waste and some results of that effort
B. To show that popular support for measures that reduce demolition waste has increased since 2019
C. To argue that building deconstruction is not as effective as other measures at reducing demolition waste
D. To discuss laws aimed to reduce demolition waste in Portland and compare them to similar laws in other cities
Question ID 48e4021d 1.9

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: 48e4021d
The following text is from Holly Goldberg Sloan’s 2017 novel Short.
More than two years ago my parents bought a piano from some people who were moving to Utah. Mom and
Dad gave it to my brothers and me for Christmas. I had to act really happy because it was such a big present,
but I pretty much hated the thing from the second it was carried into the hallway upstairs, which is right next
to my bedroom. The piano glared at me. It was like a songbird in a cage. It wanted to be set free.
contradicted feeling about the gift --> the piano ©2017 by Holly Goldberg Sloan
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. It explains why the narrator always wanted a piano close to her bedroom.
B. It establishes how the narrator feels about the piano.
C. It suggests that the narrator’s brothers are talented piano players.
D. It describes the event that led the narrator’s parents to buy a piano.
Question ID 0ed94d4c 1.10

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: 0ed94d4c
Jackie Ormes’s Torchy Brown in Dixie to Harlem (1937–38) was the first comic strip by a Black woman to appear
in a widely read newspaper. The strip tells the story of Torchy, a young woman who leaves Mississippi to become
a performer in New York City. Torchy’s story reflects the experience of the Great Migration (1910–1970), when
millions of Black Americans left the South in search of opportunities in other parts of the United States. Torchy
Brown thus shows how Ormes used comics to comment humorously on issues affecting Black Americans, which
she continued to do throughout her career. Torchy comics --> describe the work --> futher continue her work

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A. To show how Ormes’s Torchy Brown inspired other Black women to write comic strips in the 1930s
B. To illustrate how the subjects Ormes addressed in her comic strips changed over the course of her career
C. To give an example of how Ormes presented the experiences of Black Americans in her comic strips
D. To claim that several characters in Torchy Brown were based on people that Ormes knew personally
Question ID fcc328c6 1.11

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: fcc328c6
Streams and rivers carry soil and rocks from one location to another. But there is another way for these geological
materials to move. Scientists call this process “aeolian transport.” In aeolian transport, winds move small particles
of soil or rock over potentially great distances. Geologist Melisa Diaz and her team studied dust in Antarctica to
find out if it was moved by aeolian transport. They discovered that the dust matched geological material in
Australia. Aeolian transport had carried it from one continent to another, across thousands of miles of open
ocean. continue the unfinished new statement in the before sentence

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A. It presents Melisa Diaz’s remarks about difficulties that her team encountered.
B. It introduces a scientific term that is used in the discussion that follows.
C. It emphasizes the surprising nature of the findings that are presented.
D. It explains the difference between two kinds of geological material.
Question ID 5e732e67 1.12

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: 5e732e67
Many films from the early 1900s have been lost. These losses include several films by the first wave of Black
women filmmakers. We know about these lost movies only from small pieces of evidence. For example, an
advertisement for Jennie Louise Touissant Welcome’s documentary Doing Their Bit still exists. There’s a reference
in a magazine to Tressie Souders’s film A Woman’s Error. And Maria P. Williams’s The Flames of Wrath is
mentioned in a letter and a newspaper article, and one image from the movie was discovered in the 1990s.
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text? with little evidence
describe the lost of black woman movie --> how that was found but

A. The text identifies a complex problem, then presents examples of unsuccessful attempts to solve that
problem.
B. The text summarizes a debate among researchers, then gives reasons for supporting one side in that debate.
C. The text describes a general situation, then illustrates that situation with specific examples.
D. The text discusses several notable individuals, then explains commonly overlooked differences between those
individuals.
Question ID 56ec23a0 1.13

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: 56ec23a0
Hiroshi Senju is known worldwide for his paintings of waterfalls. These paintings are large and tend not to show
the entire waterfall. Instead, Senju focuses on just the point where the falling water reaches the pool below,
keeping the top of the waterfall out of view. While Senju’s paintings are rooted in art movements originating in the
United States, the artist uses traditional Japanese techniques and materials that make his work instantly
recognizable. work of Senju --> contradict between movement and material
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
A. It introduces an artist and then explains some common characteristics of well-known paintings by that artist.
B. It explains a specific painting technique and then provides examples of artists who use the technique.
C. It describes a famous painting and then compares it to a lesser-known painting from the same time period.
D. It gives an opinion on an artist and then suggests multiple reasons why the artist’s work has been largely
overlooked.
Question ID 1c6b1fa0 1.14

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: 1c6b1fa0
In 1801, a Blackfoot chief named Ac Ko Mok Ki drew a finely detailed map of the Upper Missouri region. This work
demonstrates a vast amount of topographic knowledge, as the map features specific names of mountains and
rivers, as well as the first-known sketch of the drainage network of the Missouri River. The map is especially
notable because Ac Ko Mok Ki also included details about the numerous tribes that lived in the area.
describe the map --> feature and things
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
A. It emphasizes Ac Ko Mok Ki’s desire to represent other tribes on the map.
B. It explains how Ac Ko Mok Ki developed an interest in mapmaking.
C. It identifies some reasons why the map is impressive.
D. It details how the map was used for hunting and trading purposes.
Question ID 1782cdd7 1.15

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: 1782cdd7
In many agricultural environments, the banks of streams are kept forested to protect water quality, but it’s been
unclear what effects these forests may have on stream biodiversity. To investigate the issue, biologist Xingli Giam
and colleagues studied an Indonesian oil palm plantation, comparing the species richness of forested streams
with that of nonforested streams. Giam and colleagues found that species richness was significantly higher in
forested streams, a finding the researchers attribute to the role leaf litter plays in sheltering fish from predators
and providing food resources. reason forested stream bank --> keep forested --> research difference --> found helpful
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A. It discusses research intended to settle a debate about how agricultural yields can be increased without
negative effects on water quality.
B. It explains the differences between stream-protection strategies used in oil palm plantations and stream-
protection strategies used in other kinds of agricultural environments.
C. It describes findings that challenge a previously held view about how fish that inhabit streams in agricultural
environments attempt to avoid predators.
D. It presents a study that addresses an unresolved question about the presence of forests along streams in
agricultural environments.
Question ID 02e49a0c 1.16

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Craft and Structure Text Structure and
Purpose

ID: 02e49a0c
Genetic studies have led researchers to suggest that turtles are most closely related to the group that includes
modern crocodiles. But studies of fossils have suggested instead that turtles are most closely related to other
groups, such as the one that contains modern snakes. However, many of the fossil studies have relied on
incomplete data sets. For a 2022 investigation, biologist Tiago R. Simões and colleagues examined more than
1,000 reptile fossils collected worldwide. From this large data set, they found clear agreement with the results of
the genetic studies. weaken the aforementioned claim
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence?
A. It offers an overview of the tools scientists use to examine fossils.
B. It describes a limitation of some studies about the origin of turtles.
C. It summarizes previous research on the evolution of crocodiles.
D. It criticizes a widely held belief about genetic studies of reptiles.