Referencing and citing – Vancouver/Uniform

Janet MacKay, September 2021

QG CIT003 [http://www.abdn.ac.uk/library/documents/guides/qgcit003.pdf]

 Students of the Business School, School of Education, and the School of Law have their own
specific referencing styles and they should use the separate education, business and law guides.

Within the text

In-text citations in Vancouver/Uniform are entered in the following way:
Enter a running number in the text which links to the numbering in the bibliography at the end.
For example: Archer and Smith (3,4) claim that … OR: In recent studies (3,4) it is claimed that …
Page numbers
Page numbers are not given within the in-text citations in Vancouver/Uniform.
Using quotations
If you are quoting more than a few words then indent the quotation from the rest of the text. For example:
In the text:
As Blaxter, Hughes and Tight (12) state in reference to librarians:
Researchers owe a duty to librarians to make good use of them, and there is much that a librarian may
be able to advise you on or help you with, if approached in the right way.
In the bibliography:
Blaxter L, Hughes C, Tight M. How to research. 4th ed. Maidenhead (UK): Open University Press; 2010.
Chapter 4, Reading for research; p. 99-133.
Citing a secondary person
Only cite the work that you have actually read. If you read a source that refers to the work of someone else
ideally you should find and read the work that has been referred to. However, if you are unable to locate the
original work you must make it clear to your reader that you are citing work that you have not read. The work
that you have read is ‘secondary’ as you are relying on someone else’s interpretation or opinion of the
original work rather than your own. For example:
In the text: Oliver (5) cites Nemeroff, 2008, saying that …
In the bibliography: 5. Oliver, P. Understanding the research process. London: Sage; 2010. Chapter 1, The
idea of research; p. 1-23.
Citing personal communications
Requirements for this depend on your discipline. Check your course handbook or with your supervisor. Often
personal communications are cited within the text but not included in the reference list. If so, an example of
this would be:
… referencing guides would be useful if you have time (2011 email from G Dawson to me; unreferenced)
The bibliography/reference list at the end of your written work
You must create a bibliography/reference list at the end of your written piece of work. This list should include
only those items you’ve referred to in the text. The references are listed in numeric order, starting with 1.
Examples:

Book – whole Blaxter L, Hughes C, Tight M. How to research. 4th ed. Maidenhead (UK): Open University
(print) Press; 2010. 329 p.
Book – whole Blaxter L, Hughes C, Tight M. How to research. 4th ed. Maidenhead (UK): Open University
(ebook in a Press; 2010 [cited 2018 Jul 19]. In: Ebook Central [Internet]. Ann Arbor (MI): ProQuest LLC.
database) 2016 - . Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/abdn/detail.action?docID=650302
Blaxter L, Hughes C, Tight M. How to research [Internet]. 4th ed., Kindle ed. Maidenhead (UK):
Book – whole
Open University Press; 2010 [cited 2018 Jul 19]; [about 120 screens]. Available from:
(downloaded on
http://www.amazon.co.uk/How-Research-Open-Study-Skills-ebook/dp/B004UBCX5K/
to an ereader)
ref=sr_1_1?s=digital-text&ie=UTF8&qid=1438603036&sr=1-1

The University of Aberdeen is a charity registered in Scotland, No SC013683

 Gooday G. Electricity and the Sociable Circulation of Fear and Fearlessness. In: Livingston
Book – chapter
DN, Withers CW, editors. Geographies of Nineteenth-Century Science. Chicago: University of
(print)
Chicago Press; 2011. p. 203-28.
Gooday G. Electricity and the Sociable Circulation of Fear and Fearlessness. In: Livingstone
DN, Withers CW, editors. Geographies of Nineteenth-Century Science. Chicago: University of
Book – chapter
Chicago Press; 2011. p. 203-28 [cited 2018 Jul 19]. In: University Press Scholarship Online
(ebook chapter in
[Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2011. Available from:
a database)
http://chicago.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7208/chicago/
9780226487298.001.0001/upso-9780226487267
Andone D, Vasiu R, Robu N. Building a virtual campus for digital students. In: IEEE
Conference paper Engineering Education 2011: Learning Environments and Ecosystems in Engineering
(print) Education. IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 2011 Apr 4-6; Princess
Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan. New York: IEEE; 2011. p. 1069-73.
Andone D, Vasiu R, Robu N. Building a virtual campus for digital students. IEEE Engineering
Conference paper Education 2011: Learning Environments and Ecosystems in Engineering Education. IEEE
(econference Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 2011 Apr 4-6; Princess Sumaya
paper in a University for Technology, Amman, Jordan. New York: IEEE; 2011 [cited 2018 Jul 19];1069-73.
database) In: IEEE Xplore [Internet]. New York: IEEE. 2000 - [about 4 screens]. Available from:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5773280
Andone D, Vasiu R, Robu N. Building a virtual campus for digital students. In: IEEE
Conference paper Engineering Education 2011: Learning Environments and Ecosystems in Engineering
(econference Education [Internet]. 2011 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 2011
paper on the Apr 4-6; Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan. New York: IEEE; 2011
Internet) [cited 2018 Jul 19]. [about 4 p.]. Available from: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/
252001202_Building_a_Virtual_Campus_for_digital_students
Journal article Fischer BA, Zigmond MJ. Educational approaches for discouraging plagiarism. Urol Oncol-
(print) Semin Ori. 2011;29(1):100-3.
Fischer BA, Zigmond MJ. Educational approaches for discouraging plagiarism. Urol Oncol-
Journal article
Semin Ori [Internet]. 2011 Jan-Feb [cited 2018 Jul 19]; 29(1):100-3. Available from:
(e-version of a
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1078143910003674 doi:
print journal)
10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.11.014
Journal article (e- Fischer BA, Zigmond MJ. Educational approaches for discouraging plagiarism. Urol Oncol-
journal article with Semin Ori [Internet]. 2011 Jan-Feb [cited 2018 Jul 19]; 29(1). Available from:
no page numbers) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.11.014 doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.11.014
Lecture notes MacKay J. Early days: Winsor McCay. HI4567: History of animation [vle online]. 2018 [cited
from VLE 2019 May 31]. Available from: https://abdn.blackboard.com/
Report (print) Tesco. Annual report and financial statements 2012. Cheshunt (UK): Tesco PLC; 2012. 153 p.
Tesco. Annual report and financial statements 2012 [Internet]. Cheshunt (UK): Tesco; 2012
Report (report on
[cited 2018 Jul 19]. Available from:
the Internet)
http://www.tescoplc.com/files/reports/ar2012/files/pdf/tesco_annual_report_2012.pdf
Smallegoor E. Novel upstarts: Frances Burney and the lower middle class [dissertation].
Thesis (print)
Aberdeen (UK): University of Aberdeen; 2010. 160 p.
Smallegoor E. Novel upstarts: Frances Burney and the lower middle class [dissertation on the
Thesis (thesis on
Internet]. Aberdeen (UK): University of Aberdeen; 2010 [cited 2018 Jul 19]. 160 p. Available
the Internet)
from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/
University of Aberdeen [Internet]. Aberdeen (UK): University of Aberdeen. Library, Special
Web page Collections and Museums; [cited 2018 Jul 19]; [about 1 screen]. Available from:
https://www.abdn.ac.uk/library/

The examples in this referencing guide are based on the following source:
Patrias K. Citing medicine: the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and publishers [Internet]. 2nd ed.
Wendling DL, technical editor. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007 - [updated 2015 Oct
2; cited 2019 Jun 27]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine