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GR 7 - CH 13 - Electric Current and Its Effects-1

Chapter 13 of the Science curriculum for Grade VII covers electric current and its effects, including the basic components of an electric circuit, the significance of tungsten in bulb filaments, and the function of electromagnets. It explains the differences between fuses and MCBs, as well as electric bulbs and CFLs, and discusses the heating effect of electric current with practical examples. The chapter also details the working of an electric bell and the importance of safety measures in household circuits.

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14 views5 pages

GR 7 - CH 13 - Electric Current and Its Effects-1

Chapter 13 of the Science curriculum for Grade VII covers electric current and its effects, including the basic components of an electric circuit, the significance of tungsten in bulb filaments, and the function of electromagnets. It explains the differences between fuses and MCBs, as well as electric bulbs and CFLs, and discusses the heating effect of electric current with practical examples. The chapter also details the working of an electric bell and the importance of safety measures in household circuits.

Uploaded by

kamalinimeher.iamh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade: VII

Subject: Science

CHAPTER 13: ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS EFFECTS


New Words:
1. circuit 5. conductivity
2. resistance 6. electromagnet
3. nichrome 7. fluorescent
4. incandescent 8. gong

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Answer the following in brief.


a. List the basic components of a simple electric circuit.
Answer: The basic components of a simple electric circuit are:
i. Conducting wire
ii. Switch
iii. Cell (Battery) / Power Supply
iv. Bulb / Load

b. Draw a circuit diagram to show a circuit that has 2 bulbs, 4 dry cells and an open
switch.
Answer:
c. State the reason why tungsten is used for making filament of electric bulb?
Answer: Tungsten is used for making filaments of electric bulbs because it has a high
melting point and high resistivity. Due to its very high melting point the tungsten
filament can be kept white hot without melting away.

d. Specify what would happen if excess electric current flows through a household
circuit? How is this prevented?
Answer: If excess current flows through a household circuit, then more heat is
produced in the wires. If the wires get too hot, the insulation over the wires can
melt. The bare wires can touch each other and cause a short circuit. Household
short circuit can lead to an electrical fire, damage electrical appliances and voltage
drops.
To keep the wires from getting too hot, electric fuses and circuit breakers should be
installed in the household circuits. These protect lines from shorting by tripping
during an overload or low electrical resistance.

e. Can we use an electromagnet to separate plastic material from a pile of


garbage? Yes/No. Why?
Answer: We cannot use an electromagnet to separate plastic material from a pile of
garbage.
An electromagnet can be used to separate magnetic material from non-magnetic
material. We cannot use electromagnet to separate plastic material from a garbage
heap as electromagnet only attracts magnetic material and plastic obejects are non-
magnetic material.

3. Answer the following questions in detail.


a. Define an electric circuit bringing out the meaning of open and closed circuits.
Answer:
Electric Circuit:
The flow of electricity is called an electric current. The path through which electric
current flows is called electric circuit.
A circuit through which electric current cannot flow is called an open circuit. An
open circuit is a circuit that is not complete, meaning there is a break in the path
through which current can flow. This could be due to turning off a switch in the
circuit or due to a broken wire.
In contrast, if the circuit is complete, the current flows through it. A closed circuit is
circuit through which electric current can flow.

b. Compare and contrast:


i. Fuse and MCB
ii. Electric bulbs and CFLs
Answer:
Fuse MCB
1. A protection device that melts when 1. A circuit protection device that trips
excess current flows through the circuit. when excess current flows through the
circuit.
2. Usually, they are one time use 2. They are reusable.
device.
3. Less expensive. 3. More expensive
4. Very less operation time. 4. Comparatively more operation time.

Electric bulbs CFLs


1. Less energy efficient. 1. More energy efficient.
2. Shorter lifespan. 2. Longer lifespan.
3. Based on the principle of heating 3. Based on the principle of electric
effect of electric current. discharge through a gas.
3. Does not contain mercury. 3. Contains mercury.

c. What is meant by the heating effect of electric current? Describe any one
appliance that shows this effect.
Answer: When electric current flows through a conductor, heat energy is generated
in the conductor. This is called the heating effect of electric current.
An appliance that works on the principle of the "heating effect of electric current" is
an electric iron.
• The electric iron has a heating element made of a wire with high resistance
like nichrome. A higher resistance produces more heat.
• When plugged in, current flows through the heating element, causing it to
become hot.
• The heat is then transferred to the clothes through the soleplate of the iron.
• This energy is used to iron out wrinkles from clothes.
• The amount of heat required in an electric iron is controlled by a thermostat.

d. Define electromagnets and give any three uses of electromagnets.


Answer: An electromagnet is the type of magnet which consists of a coil of wire
wrapped around and hiring with electric current flowing in the coil.
Uses of electromagnets
i. Used in speaker, cell phones, headphones, television sets and other devices to
convert electrical energy into sound energy.
ii. Used in electric motors of fans, refrigerators, cars and other devices to
convert electrical energy into kinetic energy.
iii. Used in lifting heavy objects made up of iron or any magnetic substance.

e. Draw a simple diagram showing the construction of electric bell. Describe how it
works.
Answer:
An electric bell works on the principle of electromagnetism, which is the magnetic
effect of electric current.
Working of electric bell:
1. When the switch is ON, current flows through the coil of electromagnet.
2. The electromagnet gets magnetized and attracts the armature (iron strip).
As the armature moves the hammer attached to it moves and strikes the
gong so the bell rings.
3. During this process the contact between the metallic springy strip and
adjusting screw breaks so the circuit becomes incomplete.
4. The current stops flowing through the coil of electromagnet and it gets
demagnetized.
5. As the electromagnet gets demagnetized, the armature comes back to its
original position due to spring action of the metallic springy strip and
comes in contact with the adjusting screw.
6. The circuit becomes complete, if the bell push is pressed again, current will
flows through the coils of electromagnet and it gets magnetized.
7. It attracts the armature and hammer attached with it strikes the gong again
and the bell rings.
8. This process of making and breaking the circuit continues and the bell rings
as long as the bell push remains pressed.

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