Fe.

the the of
caused asknown temporary usingethylenediaminetetraacetic
hardness titrating
hardness
Complexometric Mn,However, as Me².
expressed 10
is
Hardness hardness. permanent by pH
Ca, The as
also - and complexometrically
etc. purposes. hardness of
as is water. Ca solution
soap.suchSiO; hardness iswhich sulphate.
salts, permanent whilemainly
of materials. industrial permanent
by of NO;,
cations parts buffer
of
Samples lathering so and
and
process.
plant. Mg of salt
Titration
EDTA
using Cr, million following:
sulphates
estimated
NH,CI-NH;
trivalent waters, rocky chloride
temporary and treatment and and disodium
the SO. HCO; softening
domestic
Water per and temporary
Ca and
natural of be
and HCO,
prevents salts soil the of chlorides
dissolved salts of sludge may the
divalent with sum for for of bicarbonate of is
of in dissolved waterpresence
Hardness which as low Mg watercontrol
necessary and of EDTA
such and contact the sum
to effluent dissolved
of
of very is to routine
in indicator.
water,saltsanions
Ca the due to water suitability the dissolved sample
is due is solution
dissolved ions of from hardness means Na,H;EDTA.
by
Total of hardness
bicarbonate
hardness. of
hardness for wastewater of a
some equivalent hardness basis presence
of
property as: EDTA as
these largely the to
hardness hardness
of and classified of ascertain due T
Estimation of Temporary
a) the
determination Black
Permanent design
Fe* of CaCO;
the presence derived total have beingthe standard
Introduction concentrations Total to Total Eriochromedenoted
is A", is The Objectives: To To To
Hardness due
hardness
to Mg, of is Hardness Theory arises a
partswater b) a) b) c) acid
with
due The
 H2
Na00C -CH2 -COONa

HOOC COOH
H2 H2

Both Ca and Mg ions form stable 1:1 complex with EDTA at pH 10, Ca-EDTA
complex is being more stable than Mg-EDTA complex.

M² + H,EDTA? M(EDTE) +2H* (M =Ca?t, Mg)

H,EDTA?= M =CaCO;
.:. 1000 mL (M) EDTA solution = 100g of CaCO;
.:. ImL (M)EDTA solution =0.1 g ofCaCO;
Chemicals required:
a) Standard 0.01 Msolution of A. R. Zn-acetate in 2% NH,CI solution (have to be
prepared).
b) - (M/50) solutionof EDTA (supplied).
c) Water sample (supplied).
d) NH,CI-NH; buffer solution of pH 10(containing a little of Mg-EDTA complex).
e) Eriochrome Black T (EBT)
Procedure:

1. Standardization of EDTA solution:

Pipette out 25 ml of standard Zn-acetate solution in a 250 ml conical flask. Add 50 ml
deionised water. 5ml of NH;NH,CI buffer solution and a pinch amount of Eriochrome
black T (EBT) indicator when the colour of the solution turns to wine red. Titrate the
solution with the EDTA solution until wine red colour changes to blue. Record the burete
reading (V mL). Repeat the procedure for further two times.
2. Estimation of Total Hardne ss of the supplied sample ofwater:
Pinetteout 50 ml of suppliedwater sample S00ml conical flask, add 1 mL of NH,-NH.CI
buffer solution and a pinch amount of Eriochrome black T (EBT) indicator when the
l e fthe solution turns to wine red. Titrate the solution with the EDTA Solution until
wine red colour changes to blue. Kecord the burette reading (V, mL). Repeat the
procedure for further two times.
 Caleulation:

i) Standardization of EDTAsolution:
25 mL S,(M) zinC-acetate solution = V, mL S, (M) EDTA solution

.. S, = 25 x S, /V (M)
i) Determination of total hardness:

S0 ml sample of water = V; mL S; (M) EDTA solution = V:S; mL I (M) EDTA

solution

Since I mlL (M) EDTA solution =0.l g of CaCO;

.. V2S mL (M) EDTA solution= 0.I x V,S g CaCO; / 50 m water.
. Total hardness of the supplied water =0.1 ×V;S, x 10° /50 ppm.