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PHY040204 - Quantum Mechanics

The document outlines the syllabus for a four-year undergraduate course in Quantum Mechanics I, detailing course outcomes, lecture units, and laboratory experiments. Key topics include the origin of quantum theory, uncertainty principles, matter waves, and the Schrödinger equation. The course also includes a practical laboratory component with various experiments related to quantum phenomena.

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jahan uddin
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21 views3 pages

PHY040204 - Quantum Mechanics

The document outlines the syllabus for a four-year undergraduate course in Quantum Mechanics I, detailing course outcomes, lecture units, and laboratory experiments. Key topics include the origin of quantum theory, uncertainty principles, matter waves, and the Schrödinger equation. The course also includes a practical laboratory component with various experiments related to quantum phenomena.

Uploaded by

jahan uddin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Four Year Undergraduate Course in Physics

Semester IV
Paper Name - Quantum mechanics I
Paper Code - PHY040204
Total Lectures: 45, Credits: 4 (Theory: 03, Lab: 01)
(Total Marks 100: Internal 40+External 60)

Course Outcome:

CO 1: Recall key quantum theory concepts (blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, wave-particle
duality).

CO 2: Explain principles of uncertainty, matter waves, and Schrödinger's equations.

CO 3: Solve problems involving operators, eigenvalues, and the uncertainty principle.

CO 4: Analyze quantum systems (infinite potential well, harmonic oscillator) for energy levels and
probability distributions.

CO 5: Model and predict quantum phenomena like tunnelling and particle in a spherically symmetric
potential.

Theory :
Unit I: Origin of Quantum Theory (Lectures= 3)
Failure of classical theories, Explanation of blackbody radiation, Photoelectric effect, Compton effect,
particle nature of radiation, Bohr’s correspondence principle.

Unit II: Dynamical Variables as Operators and Uncertainty Principle ( Lectures=10)


Dynamical variables as operators, definition of an operator, different types of operators and their
properties, position, energy and momentum operator; commutation relations; introduction to Hilbert space,
Dirac notation, eigenvalue and eigenfunctions; expectation value of an operator, e.g. position, momentum
operator etc, orthonormality condition, Ehrenfest’s theorem.

Simultaneous measurement and uncertainty principle; general statement of Heisenberg’s uncertainty


principle (for any two non commutating operators), different uncertainty relations involving canonical pair
of variables; applications of the position momentum uncertainty principle, application of energy time
uncertainty principle to virtual particles and range of an interaction.

Unit III : Matter Wave and Wave-Particle Duality (Lectures = 8)


Wave-particle duality and de Broglie wavelength, particle as a matter wave, wave description of particles
by wave packets; phase and group velocity; Experimental verification of matter wave, Davisson and
Germer experiment; linearity and superposition principle, two slit experiments with electrons and photons;
Uncertainty principle from wave packet description, Gaussian wave packet.

Unit IV : Schrödinger Equation and it’s applications (Lectures =24)


Time dependent Schrödinger Equation, Time independent Schrödinger Equation; Physical interpretation
and properties of wave function, continuity of a wave function, boundary conditions and emergence of
discrete and continuous energy levels; probabilities and normalization in three and one dimension; equation
of continuity, current density in both one and three dimensions.

Hamiltonian, stationary states and energy eigenvalues; expansion of an arbitrary wave function as a linear
combination of energy eigenfunctions; General solution of the time dependent Schrödinger equation in
terms of linear combinations of stationary states, discrete and continuous spectrum, wave function of a free
particle, spread of Gaussian wave function in one dimension, Fourier transforms and momentum space
wave function.

Applications of Time independent Schrödinger Equation in different problems like : (i) particle in a one
dimensional infinite potential well (quantum dot as an example) (ii) particle in a one dimensional finite
square potential well (iii) barrier penetration problems – potential step and rectangular potential barrier
(tunnelling effect) (iv) linear harmonic oscillator (v) spherically symmetric potential for hydrogen atom-
radial solution, spherical harmonics, angular momentum operator and different quantum numbers, radial
distribution function and shapes of the probability densities for ground & first excited states; degeneracy of
states : s, p, d states.

Laboratory :
A minimum of four experiments to be done.

1. Measurement of Planck’s constant using blackbody radiation and photo-detector.


2. Photo-electric effect: Photo current versus intensity and wavelength of light; maximum energy of photo-
electrons versus frequency of light.
3. To determine work function of material of filament of directly heated vacuum diode.
4. To determine the Planck’s constant using LEDs of at least 4 different colours.
5. To determine the wavelength of Hα emission line of hydrogen atom.
6. To determine the ionisation potential of mercury.
7. To determine the absorption lines in the rotational spectrum of iodine vapour.
8. To determine the value of e/m by (a) magnetic focusing or (b) bar magnet.
9. To setup the Millikan oil drop apparatus and determine the charge of an electron.
10. To show the tunnelling effect in tunnel diode using I-V characteristics.
11. To determine the wavelength of laser source using diffraction from single slit.
12. To determine the wavelength of laser source using diffraction from double slits.
13. To determine (1) wavelength and (2) angular spread of He-Ne laser using plane diffraction grating.

Suggested Books

1. N. Zettili, Quantum Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons (2001).


2. J. J. Sakurai and J. Napolitano, Modern Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2020.
3. Y. R.Waghmare, Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics, Wheeler publishing (2014).
4. B. H. Bransden and C. J. Joachain, Quantum Mechanics, Pearson Education 2nd Ed. (2004).
5. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Pearson Education (2005).
6. A. K. Ghatak and S. Lokanathan, Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Applications, Springer (2002).
7. A. Bieser, Concepts of Modern Physics, McGraw Hill (2002).
8. H. C. Verma, Quantum Mechanics, TBS publications (2019).

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