COMPETENCY-FOCUSED

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
ICSE - CLASS X

GEOGRAPHY
Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.
 Geography Class X

Table of Contents

S. No Type of Questions Page No.

I. Mark or label on the Map 2-3

II. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) 3-8

III. Fill in the Blanks 9

IV. Short Answer Questions 10-14

V. Long Answer Questions 15-19

Answer Key 20-24

Mapwork Answers 25

Reference: Map Sheet no. G43S7 26

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COMPETENCY-FOCUSED PRACTICE QUESTIONS

ICSE - CLASS X

Geography

I: Mark or label on the Map (1 Mark)

S. No Questions

1. Mark and name a left-bank tributary of the Ganga River that is famous
for floods.

( Kosi)
2. Mark and name the hill range located between the rivers Narmada and
Tapi.

(Satpuda)
3. Narmada or Tapi

4. Mark and name the city through which our standard meridian passes.

Prayagraj
5. Mark and name a hill called Blue Mountain.

Nilgiri
6. Mark and name a coast getting rain in retreating monsoon time.

Coromandal
7. Mark and name the peak shared by Nepal and India.

Kanchenjunga
8. Mark and name a river called the Sorrow of Bengal.

Damodar
9. Mark and name the latitude marking the northern limit of the sun’s
apparent movement.

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Tropic of Cancer

10. Mark and name the commercial capital of India.

Mumbai
11. Mark and name the Gulf between India and Sri Lanka.

Gulf of Mannar
12. Mark and name the wind bringing rain in winter in northern India.

Western Disturbance.
13. Mark and name a river port.

(Kolkata)
14. Mark and label an area with laterite soil.

(Any one relevant region in India)

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15. Mark and label the direction of S-W Monsoon wind.

16. Mark and label an area with a dense population.

(Any one relevant region in India)

CORRECTED

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CORRECTIONS NEEDED

Mumbai must be marked with a dot.

Kolkata will not touch the coast.
Nilgiri should be drawn as a line
Tapi can also be marked as Rift valley
Gulf of Mannar over shaded.
ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 5
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II: Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark)

S. No Questions
17. [Water Resources]
Namami Gange Yojna focuses on
(a) abatement of pollution in river Ganga
(b) abatement of pollution in river Ganga and its conservation
(c) abatement of pollution in river Ganga, its conservation and rejuvenation
(d) afforestation and reafforestation, water conservation and soil conservation
[Understanding]
Ans: C
18. [Agriculture]
Its fibre is 100% bio-degradable and environmentally friendly. It has low pesticide and
fertiliser need. It is widely used in agricultural commodity bulk packaging. It is mostly
cultivated in the delta region of West Bengal and Bangladesh.
Identify the fibre.
(a) jute
(b) cotton
(c) bamboo
(d) coconut
[Recall]
Ans: (a) jute

19. [Manufacturing Industries]

Visveswaraya Iron and Steel Plant [VISL] was started as the Mysore Iron Works on 18
January 1923 by Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar and his Diwan Sir M Visvesvaraya. It is
now an integrated steel plant under the jurisdiction of the Steel Authority of India
Limited.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visvesvaraya_Iron_and_Steel_Plant
With reference to the above explanation, under which category does VISL belong to?
(a) Private Sector Industry
(b) Public Sector Industry
(c) Joint Sector Industry
(d) Co-operative Sector Industry [Understanding & Application]

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Ans: (b) Public Sector Industry

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S. No Questions
20. [Manufacturing Industries]
Read the two statements given below and select the correct option.
S1: The state of Maharashtra is emerging as the largest sugar-producing state in India.
S2: The black soil of Maharashtra is more fertile and well-drained.
(a) S1 is true but S2 is false.
(b) S2 is true but S1 is false.
(c) S2 is a contributing factor to S1.
(d) S1 and S2 are independent of each other. [Understanding]
Ans: (c) 2 is a contributing factor to S1.

21. [Soil Resources]

Every year, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra bring millions of tons of silt into the plains
of Bangladesh. They carve new courses every year. As a result, islands are created which
last until they are washed away by fresh floods. These islands are locally known as chars.

Which of the following is the primary benefit provided by the chars for the local
community?
(a) rocky plains for smooth mobility.
(b) fertile soil for subsistence farming.
(c) the protection from man-eating tigers of nearby Sundarbans.
(d) deposition of mineral resources from the Himalayas, such as precious stones.
[Understanding]
Ans: (b) fertile soil for subsistence farming.

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S. No Questions
22. [Health Education]OUT OF SCOPE
River Rafting is journeying on a torrential river on an inflatable rubber boat. Rivers
originating at high altitudes have torrential flow near their source.
Which of the following places would be suitable for river rafting?
(a) Gomti in Lucknow
(b) Hughli in Kolkata
(c) Ganga in Rishikesh
(d) Sabarmati in Ahmedabad [Analysis]

Ans: (c) Ganga in Rishikesh

23. [Water Resources]
In certain parts of India, glaciers are the main source of water. The people in these areas
use an innovative water harvesting technique by diverting glacier streams into small
tanks. It is usually done in the evening when the glaciers are relatively melted.
Which of these regions could be practising this?
(a) Khasi and Jaintia hills
(b) Ladakh region
(c) Shiwaliks hills
(d) Tarai region [Analysis]
Ans: (b) Ladakh region

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24. [Water Resources] Wrong tagging

SOIL RESOURCES
See the picture alongside which depicts an environmental disaster. Identify it.

(Source: www.istockphoto.com )
(a) Soil erosion through landslides.
(b) Soil erosion through an earthquake.
(c) Soil erosion through perennial droughts.
(d) Soil erosion through shifting cultivation. [Analysis]

(a) Soil erosion through landslides.

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S. No Questions
25. [Location, Extent and Physical Features] OUT OF SCOPE
Which of the following figures is akin to the landform of the Deccan Plateau?

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

[Application]

Ans: d
26. [Water Resources] Tagging wrong
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
The state of Arunachal Pradesh wants to encourage cottage industries in the state.
Considering the natural resources and geographical factors of the region such as its high
rainfall and temperate climate, which of these crafts is the best option to pursue?
(a) Ceramic pots and terracotta art
(b) Decorative shell article
(c) Bamboo and cane craft
(d) Brass metal craft [Analysis]
(c) bamboo and cane craft

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S. No Questions
Shown below is the census report on improvement in the housing areas, household
amenities and assets in Assam from 2001 to 2011. Based on the given data, answer
Questions 8 and 9.

27. [Mineral & Energy Resources]

In 2011, the rural households in Assam mostly used one of the following sources of
energy for cooking. Identify it.
(a) Biogas
(b) Kerosene
(c) Firewood
(d) Electricity [Analysis]

Ans: (c) Firewood

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28. [Transport]
Which of the following modes of transport dominated rural and urban Assam in 2011?
(a) Cars
(b) Bicycles
(c) Motorcycles
(d) Both cars and bicycles [Analysis]

Ans: (b) Bicycles

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S. No Questions
29. [Manufacturing Industries]
Assertion: The government of India is promoting and planning to set up more mini-steel
plants in India.
Reason: Mini-steel plants are dependent on electric power, so they do not cause
pollution.
Based on the given Assertion and Reasoning, select the correct option:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of
the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect. [Analysis]

Ans: (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation
of the Assertion.

30. [Transport]
The Prime Minister of India inaugurated the newly constructed road between Bangalore
and Mysore on March 12, 2023. It is 119km long, 10 lanes, elevated, access-controlled
road. This road is meant to facilitate fast-moving traffic between Bangalore and Mysore.
Under which of the following categories does this road belong?
(a) State highway.
(b) Expressway
(c) District road
(d) None of the above [Application]

Ans: (a) Expressway

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31. [Transport]
Assertion: Helicopters are extensively used for rescue operations during natural
calamities.
Reason: Helicopters can hover, land in tight spaces, and conduct vertical take-offs and
landings.
Based on the given Assertion and Reasoning, select the correct option:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of
the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect. [Analysis]

Ans: (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct
explanation of the Assertion.

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III: Fill in the blank (1 Mark)

S. No Questions
32. [Manufacturing Industries] QUESTION PATTERN IS OUT OF SCOPE
The leading producer of copper in India is . [Recall]
Madhya Pradesh

33. [Manufacturing Industries] QUESTION PATTERN IS OUT OF SCOPE

The temperate forest in the Nilgiri, Anaimalai and Palani hills are known as .
[Recall]
Ans: Sholas
34. [Agriculture] QUESTION PATTERN IS OUT OF SCOPE
A majority of Indian farmers are smallholders who cannot afford inputs like fertilisers
and pesticides. They therefore practice farming. [Understanding]
Ans: Subsistence

35. [Agriculture] QUESTION PATTERN IS OUT OF SCOPE

are called dry crops as they survive in less water. [Understanding]
Ans: Millets
36. [Natural Vegetation] QUESTION PATTERN IS OUT OF SCOPE
vegetation belt consists of trees like shisham, sandalwood and teak.
[Understanding & Recall]
Ans: Tropical Deciduous Forest.
37. [Soil Resources] QUESTION PATTERN IS OUT OF SCOPE
Shelter belts are created to protect soil against erosion. [Recall]
Ans: Wind

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IV: Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)

S. No Questions
38. [Manufacturing Industries]
Study the images given below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Which textile industry is associated with the given images?

Ans: a) Silk Industries
(b) Name the state where this industry is thriving.
(b) Karnataka [Analysis]
39. [Location, Extent and Physical features] Wrong tagging
Interpretation of Topography
Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.
Why are covered tanks found in many places of the map extract? Give two reasons.
Ans: To preserve water from evaporation and contamination.
[Understanding]
40. [Location, Extent and Physical features] Wrong tagging
Interpretation of Topography
Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.
Why does most of the area have cart tracks? [Analysis]

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Ans: It is an undeveloped village area with agriculture as the main occupation.

There is no developed industry.
Lack of infrastructure development.

41. [Location, Extent and Physical features] Wrong tagging

Interpretation of Topography

Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.

How much time shall be taken for a person if he is moving from Northings 85 to 94 in a
straight line at a speed of 1 km per hour? [Application]
Ans: 10 hours. (Wrong answer)
Correct answer is 9 hours.

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S. No Questions
42. [Location, Extent and Physical features] Wrong tagging
Interpretation of Topography
Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.
Name the most important occupation of the people living in this area, giving a reason
for the same. [Understanding]
Ans: Agriculture.
Most of the area is yellow, and yellow shows the cultivated area
43.
[Location, Extent and Physical features] (Wrong tagging)
Water Resources.
India has had a history of famines because of rained agriculture and rapid population
growth. After the era of the Green Revolution that began in the 1960s, India never
experienced a famine-like situation; it did, however, experience a drought of the century
in 1987. Northern states (Punjab, Haryana and western UP) with a high level of irrigation
are contributing almost all of wheat and two-thirds of rice to the central pool of India.
Source: Hira, G.S., Water Management in Northern States and the Food Security of
India, Journal of Crop Improvement.
(a) Mention any two methods of irrigation commonly practiced in the Northern Plains of
India.
(b) For each method mentioned, state why it is popular here. [Understanding]
Ans: Canals: Presence of perennial rivers
• Well: Presence of underground water in plenty
44. [Agriculture]

(a) Identify the method of irrigation depicted in the picture.

Ans: Drip
(b) Why is it so named? [Recall & Application]
Ans: Water reaches the roots drop by drop, and so it is called drip irrigation
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Geography Class X

S. No Questions
45. [Agriculture]

(a) Name the method by which the paddy is being sown in the picture above.
Ans: Transplantation.
(b) Give two reasons to explain why this method of rice cultivation is restricted only to
the prosperous farmers of the country.
Ans: This method requires the application of fertilisers and irrigation facilities, thus
making
it expensive. [Understanding & Application]
46. [Agriculture]
The global food system is facing immense challenges in the 21st century with climate
change, population growth and malnutrition. Recognising the potential of millets in
addressing current global challenges, the United Nations General Assembly declared
2023 as the International Year of Millets. This global campaign is designed to raise
awareness about the benefits of millet and encourage actions to increase their production,
consumption, and utilisation.
Source: International Journal of Plant & Soil Science- Volume 35, Issue 18, Page 1860-
1871, 2023.
State two ways in which the cultivation of millets can help promote sustainable
agriculture. [Understanding & Analysis]
Ans: Income to farmers
• Export earner
• Adds to national income
(Elaborate in a line on any two) WRONG ANSWER

Correct Answer should be

Millets contribute to soil health through crop rotation, a sustainable farming
ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 20
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practice. Their deep root systems help prevent soil erosion and enhance soil
structure. As nitrogen-fixing crops, they enrich the soil with essential nutrients,
reducing the reliance on synthetic fertilizers

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S. No Questions
47. [Agriculture]
“A small sugarcane farmer in western Uttar Pradesh, Shri Raghuvir Singh, is getting on
with age and is thinking of selling his land and moving out of farming. He has two sons,
both graduates and working in Gurgaon. He did not make his sons farmers because
farming is hard work and is non-profitable. This is the story of most farmers in India.
Wealth and security of the country comes from its land, and hence, what is needed is
sustainable and high productivity agriculture.”
Source: Chaudhuri, Sriroop, et al. "Land degradation–desertification in relation to
farming practices in India: An overview of current practices and agro-policy
perspectives." Sustainability 15.8 (2023)
(a) High productivity in agriculture will help boost our country's industrial sector.
Explain.
Ans: The agriculture sector provides raw materials to agro-based industries.
(b) Enumerate two major problems encountered by a majority of India’s farming
community.
Ans: Soil erosion, irrigation facility is not sufficient, poor-quality seeds, small land
holdings. [Understanding & Analysis]
48. [Transport]
“Road transport is the primary means of transport in India”. Explain the statement by
mentioning two suitable advantages of road transport. [Analysis]
Ans: Roads link every nook and corner of the country.
• The cost of road construction is lower than that of railways.
• Roads can be constructed in difficult terrain, too.
• Roads offer door-to-door service.
• Transport of goods is safer by road transport as pilferage is minimised.
• Road transport supplements other forms of transport
49. [Mineral and Energy Resources]
How do manganese and copper differ in nature, even though both are metallic minerals?
[Understanding]
Ans: Manganese is a ferrous mineral and is heavy and bulky, whereas copper is a non-
ferrous mineral and is lighter than manganese.
50. [Mineral and Energy Resources]
Manganese is roughly similar to iron's physical and chemical properties but is harder and
more brittle.
Based on the properties of manganese mentioned in the above statement:
(a) In which industry is this mineral widely used?
(b) What is its role in that industry? [Understanding]

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Ans: (a) Iron and Steel industry.

(b) Manganese is a ferroalloy used to manufacture steel that is rust-proof, stronger
and more durable.

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S. No Questions
51. [Mineral and Energy Resources]

(a) What does “CNG” seen in the above picture mean?

Ans: (a) “CNG” is/ means compressed natural gas.

(b) Give a reason why “CNG” is being used in auto rickshaws these days.
Ans: CNG is a clean fuel/ is eco-friendly, and is cheaper than petrol.
[Understanding & Analysis]
52. [Location, Extent and Physical features] Wrong tagging
Interpretation of Topography

Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.

What does “dep” signify in grid square 3390? Name the agent responsible for it.
Ans: The depression created by wind erosion
[Recall & Understanding]
53. [Location, Extent and Physical features] Wrong tagging
Interpretation of Topography

Map sheet no. G43S7: Eastings 29 to 38 and Northings 85 to 94.

Mention two reasons that have led to the development of Dantiwada as the largest
settlement in the given map.
Ans: Presence of water, cultivable land, transport facility and security.
[Understanding & Analysis]

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54. [Climate]
“Heatwave days highest in April in 15 years in Gangetic West Bengal.”
Source: IMD
Mention two probable reasons for the above statement.
Ans: a) This is due to the El Nino effect leading to an earlier onset of summer compared to
previous years.
(b) Global warming leads to higher average temperatures, which in turn increases the
likelihood and severity of heat waves. [Analysis]
55. [Climate]
Give reasons:
(a) Rituja frequently travels between Bengaluru and Chennai and notices that the number
of wet days is higher in Chennai than in Bengaluru.
Ans: Chennai is near the sea, and Bengaluru is in the interior
time, creating cyclonic conditions.
(b) The number of tropical cyclones experienced in the Bay of Bengal is more than in
the Arabian Sea.
Ans: Wrong answer. [Analysis & Application]

The Bay of Bengal's sea surface temperatures average around 28–30°C, which is ideal
for cyclone formation. The Arabian Sea has cooler waters and less favorable
atmospheric conditions, which make it more difficult for cyclones to form and intensify.

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V: Long Answer Questions (3 Marks)

S. No Questions
56. [Climate]WRONG TAGGING
INDUSTRIES
Give a reason for each of the following.
(a) Electronic industries are crucial for India's economic development.
Ans: Electronic industries help in the development of education, communication,
transport, defence, etc.

(b) Mini-steel plants do not have location preferences.

Ans: (b) Mini-steel plants use scrap iron and electric furnaces.

(c) Bengaluru has many IT industries.

Ans: Bengaluru has pleasant and comfortable climatic conditions; readily available
infrastructure; availability of skilled workers. (any one) [Understanding & Analysis]
57. [Manufacturing Industries]
Rajesh is a class X student, working on a project for school. He has a section on by-
products and includes a write-up on shoe polish.
(a) Which industry is he writing about?
Ans: Sugar industries

(b) Name any two by-products of the industry that he is writing about.
Ans: Molasses, bagasse, and press mud.
[Recall & Application]
58. [Transport]
India has a long coastline of 5,560 kms., having access to the sea on three sides with 11
major and 168 minor/intermediate ports. India lies in geographical proximity to
important shipping routes, which gives a natural advantage to the country's shipping.
Source- Directorate General of Shipping, Government of India.
(a) Name the means of transport developed due to the above-mentioned geographical
feature of India.
Ans: Water/oceanic transport.

(b) State any two advantages of the means of transport you mentioned.
Ans: Cheapest mode of transport; ideal for bulky and heavy material; fuel efficient

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Geography Class X

and
eco-friendly mode. (any two)

[Understanding & Application]

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S. No Questions
59. [Transport]
Study the given map and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the highway project shown on the given map.

Ans: Golden Quadrilateral.
(b) State any two economic benefits of this project.
Ans: Connects major cities and ports; provides an impetus to truck transport; enables
the industrial development of the cities and villages enroute; helps in easy movement
of traffic. (any two) [Analysis]

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S. No Questions
60. [Climate]
Study the picture given below and answer the following questions:

(a) State whether the above station experiences a maritime or a continental climate. Give
a reason for your answer.
Maritime as the range of temperature is below 100 C
(b) Name the winds which bring rainfall to the station.
Ans: SW monsoon winds
(c) Name a probable station experiencing such climatic conditions.
Ans: Kochi/Panaji/ Thiruvanthpuram/Mumbai.
[Understanding & Analysis]
61. [Waste Management]
Although landfills are the cheapest waste management strategy, they are often touted as
harmful to the environment.
Name any three ways by which landfills cause harm to our environment. [Analysis]

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S.No Questions
62. [Waste Management]

Above are the two pictures of an efficient waste reduction and waste management
system.
(a) Note the pictures carefully to mention the difference between the two.
(b) What additional advantages does the waste management seen in the picture on the
left have over the waste management seen in the picture to the right? [Analysis]

63. [Natural Vegetation]

In many parts of the world, man has disturbed the ecological balance. The factors
responsible are deprivation of natural habitat and discriminate killing and hunting of
animals. Many birds and animals face the danger of extinction today. Many programs
like social forestry and Van Mahotasava should be popularised at regional and
community levels. This will increase awareness.
(a) State the human activities responsible for the loss of forest.
(b) How do Van Mahotsava and social forestry help restore ecological balance?
[Understanding & Analysis]

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S.No Questions
64. [Soil Resources]

(a) Name the agent responsible for the erosion seen in the picture.
(b) What may be done to restore the soil in such areas? [Understanding]

65. [Water Resources]

Answer the following:
(a) Name two major eutrophication-causing nutrients.
(b) Based on your answer, how do these nutrients cause eutrophication in water
bodies? [Understanding & Analysis]

66. [Water Resources]

When mixed in water, DDT accumulates in the cells of various aquatic organisms. Small
fish consume zooplanktons that have DDT in them. Larger fish that consume small fish
also consume DDT, and its concentration moves up the food chain.
(a) Based on the example given above, identify and name the process.
(b) How do they adversely affect human health? [Understanding & Analysis]

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Answer Key

S.No Answers
Mapwork for Questions 1-15 is provided at the end of the Answer Key

1. Kosi

2. Satpura

3. Narmada

4. Prayagraj

5. Nilgiri

6. Coromandel

7. Kanchenjunga

8. Damodar

9. Tropic of Cancer

10. Mumbai

11. Gulf of Mannar

12. Western disturbance

13. Kolkata

14. Summit of eastern ghats/western ghats

15. S W Monsoon

16. (South) Kerala; (North)Uttar Pradesh

17. (c) abatement of pollution in river Ganga, its conservation and rejuvenation

18. (a) jute

19. (b) Public Sector Industry

20. (c) 2 is a contributing factor to S1.

21. (b) fertile soil for subsistence farming.

22. (c) Ganga in Rishikesh

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S.No Answers
23. (b) Ladakh region

24. (a) Soil erosion through landslides.

25. (d)

26. (c) bamboo and cane craft

27. (c) Firewood

28. (b) Bicycles

29. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.

30. (a) Expressway

31. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.

32. Madhya Pradesh

33. Sholas

34. subsistence

35. Millets

36. Tropical monsoon

37. wind

38. (a) Silk Industries

(b) Karnataka

39. To preserve water from evaporation and contamination.

40. It is an undeveloped village area with agriculture as the main occupation.

There is no developed industry.
Lack of infrastructure development.

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S. No Answers
41. 10 hours

42. Agriculture.
Most of the area is yellow, and yellow shows the cultivated area.

43. • Canals: Presence of perennial rivers

• Well: Presence of underground water in plenty

44. Drip irrigation

Water reaches the roots drop by drop, and so it is called drip irrigation

45. Transplantation
This method requires the application of fertilisers and irrigation facilities, thus making
it expensive.

46. • Income to farmers

• Export earner
• Adds to national income
(Elaborate in a line on any two)

47. (a) The agriculture sector provides raw materials to agro-based industries.
(b) Soil erosion, irrigation facility is not sufficient, poor-quality seeds, small land
holdings.

48. • Roads link every nook and corner of the country.

• The cost of road construction is lower than that of railways.
• Roads can be constructed in difficult terrain, too.
• Roads offer door-to-door service.
• Transport of goods is safer by road transport as pilferage is minimised.
• Road transport supplements other forms of transport

49. Manganese is a ferrous mineral and is heavy and bulky, whereas copper is a non-ferrous
mineral and is lighter than manganese.

50. (a) Iron and Steel industry.

(b) Manganese is a ferroalloy used to manufacture steel that is rust-proof, stronger and
more durable.

51. (a) “CNG ” is/ means compressed natural gas.

(b) CNG is a clean fuel/ is eco-friendly, and is cheaper than petrol.

52. The depression created by wind erosion

53. Presence of water, cultivable land, transport facility and security.

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S. No Answers
54. (a) This is due to the El Nino effect leading to an earlier onset of summer compared to
previous years.
(b) Global warming leads to higher average temperatures, which in turn increases the
likelihood and severity of heat waves.

55. (a) Chennai is near the sea, and Bengaluru is in the interior
(b) The Bay of Bengal is surrounded by land, so heat remains in the area for a longer
time, creating cyclonic conditions.

56. (a) Electronic industries help in the development of education, communication,

transport, defence, etc.
(b) Mini-steel plants use scrap iron and electric furnaces.
(c) Bengaluru has pleasant and comfortable climatic conditions; readily available
infrastructure; availability of skilled workers. (any one)

57. Sugar industries

Molasses, bagasse, and press mud.

58. (a) Water/oceanic transport

(b) Cheapest mode of transport; ideal for bulky and heavy material; fuel efficient and
eco-friendly mode. (any two)

59. (a) Golden Quadrilateral

(b) Connects major cities and ports; provides an impetus to truck transport; enables the
industrial development of the cities and villages enroute; helps in easy movement of
traffic. (any two)

60. (a) Maritime as temperature variation is not much

(b) S W Monsoon
(c) Kochi

61. • Landfill gases such as methane are a major contributor to global warming.
• Most of the waste ending at a landfill site contains toxins. These toxins over a
while seep into the ground and contaminate groundwater in the form of leachate
and contaminate soil.
• Landfill sites produce bad odour.
• They are potential breeding grounds for bacteria, mosquitoes, rats and other
scavengers spreading diseases.
(Any three)

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Geography Class X

S. No Answers
62. (a) The picture on the left shows traditional composting, and the Picture on the right
shows vermicomposting.
(b) Traditional composting uses agricultural, garden, and kitchen wastes as well as dung
for animals. Vermicomposting makes use of earthworms/worms in the compost.

63. (a) Deforestation

(b) Growing trees by celebrating Van Mahotsav yearly has increased green cover over
time. Social forestry has reduced man's dependence on natural forests thus preserving
the same.

64. (a) Agent is running water.

(b) Plugging of gullies or growing of trees may be done.

65. (a) Nitrogen and Phosphorous.

(b) Eutrophication occurs when too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorous,
are introduced into water bodies. These nutrients cause excessive algae growth. This
can lead to low oxygen levels in the water and block sunlight needed for plants to
grow. When plants and algae die, they decay, thus causing water pollution. Hence,
the entire aquatic ecosystem gets adversely affected.

66. (a) Biomagnification.

(b) Biomagnification makes humans more prone to cancer, liver failure, respiratory
disorders, heart diseases, and birth defects.

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 36

Geography Class X

Map answers for Questions 1 -15

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 37

Geography Class X

ICSE Competency-Focused Questions 38