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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION

Preparation of Articles for IEEE TRANSACTIONS

and JOURNALS (2021)
First A. Author, Fellow, IEEE, Second B. Author, and Third C. Author, Jr., Member, IEEE

Abstract—This document provides a guide for preparing This template is a guide to formatting; your proof and final
articles for IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters. Use published version may vary in layout and length to conform to
this document as a template if you are using Microsoft IEEE policy and style. Page count is an estimate; the length of
Word. Otherwise, use this as an instruction set. The
electronic file of your article will be formatted further at your submitted article in the template may not be the same as
IEEE. Titles should be written in uppercase and lowercase when the formal proof is created by IEEE
letters, not all uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with The IEEE Editorial Style Manual for Authors is available at
subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the https://journals.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-
elements are fine (e.g., "Nd–Fe–B"). Do not write “(Invited)” journal-article/create-the-text-of-your-article/ieee-editorial-
in the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the author
style-manual/. This contains a formal set of editorial guidelines
field but are not required. Put a space between authors’
initials. ORCIDs can be provided here as well. In the title, all for IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters, including:
variables should appear lightface italic; numbers and units
will remain bold. Abstracts must be a single paragraph. In ● punctuation;
order for an Abstract to be effective when displayed in IEEE ● capitalization;
Xplore as well as through indexing services such as ● abbreviations;
Compendex, INSPEC, Medline, ProQuest, and Web of ● section headings;
Science, it must be an accurate, stand-alone reflection of
the contents of the article. They shall not contain displayed ● numbers, equations;
mathematical equations, numbered reference citations, nor ● footnotes;
footnotes. They should include three or four different ● biographies;
keywords or phrases, as this will help readers to find it. It is ● some common mistakes;
important to avoid over-repetition of such phrases as this ● units of measurement.
can result in a page being rejected by search engines.
Ensure that your abstract reads well and is grammatically
correct.
Communicate your work clearly. If you are not fully
proficient in English, consider using an English language
Index Terms—Enter keywords or phrases in editing service before submitting your article. An expert
alphabetical order, separated by commas. For a list of editing service can help you refine the use of English in your
suggested keywords, send a blank e-mail to article, so you can communicate your work more effectively.
keywords@ieee.org or visit The use of an editing service is paid for by the author. It does
http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/ani_prod/keywrd98.txt not guarantee acceptance in an IEEE publication. For more
information, visit the IEEE Author Center at https://journals.
I. INTRODUCTION

T
ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-journal-article/create-
HIS document is a template for Microsoft Word. If the-text-of-your-article/structure-your-article/#editing-service.
you would prefer to use LaTeX, download IEEE’s
LaTeX style and sample files from https://template- II. GUIDELINES FOR MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
selector.ieee.org/secure/templateSelector/publicationType.
When you open the template, select “Page Layout” from the
You can also use the Overleaf editor at https://www.overleaf.
“View” menu in the menu bar (View | Page Layout),
com/blog/278-how-to-use-overleaf-with-ieee-collabratec-
(these
your-quick-guide-to-getting-started#. Vp6tpPkrKM9.
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION

TABLE I
THIS IS A SAMPLE OF A TABLE TITLE

A. Equations
Fig. 1. This is a sample of a figure caption. Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in
parentheses flush with the right margin of the column, as in
instructions assume Microsoft Word. Some versions may have (1). First use the equation editor to create the equation. Then
alternate ways to access the same functionalities noted here). select the “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write
Then, type over sections of the template or cut and paste from the equation number in parentheses. To make your equations
another document and use markup styles. The pull-down style more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function,
menu is in the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your Word or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid
window (e.g., the style at this point in the document is ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when they
“Text”). Highlight a section that you want to designate with a are part of a sentence, as in
certain style, and then select the appropriate name on the style Bp + H2 = 40. (1)
menu. The style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do not
change the font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more text into Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined
a limited number of pages. Use italics for emphasis; do not before the equation appears or immediately following.
underline. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, but T is the
IEEE will do the final formatting of your article. If your unit tesla). When referring to an equation or formula, use
article is intended for a conference, please observe the simply “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),” except at the
conference page limits. beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ... .”
This is intended as an authoring template, not a final
production template. It is not intended to match the final IV. GUIDELINES FOR GRAPHICS PREPARATION
published format. Differences in final formatting are likely in AND SUBMISSION
the final IEEE files. Page count in the template is an estimate.
Do not adjust line and character spacing to fit your paper to a A. Types of Graphics
specific length. The following list outlines the different types of graphics
published in IEEE journals. They are categorized based on
their construction, and use of color / shades of gray:
A. Abbreviations and Acronyms
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are 1) Color/Grayscale Figures
used in the text, even after they have already been defined in Figures that are meant to appear in color, or shades of
the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not black/gray. Such figures may include photographs,
have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods illustrations, multicolor graphs, and flowcharts.
should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.” 2) Line Art Figures
Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are Figures that are composed of only black lines and
unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article). shapes. These figures should have no shades or half-
tones of gray, only black and white.
III. MATH 3) Tables
Data charts which are typically black and white, but
Use either the Microsoft Equation Editor or the MathType sometimes include color.
plugin, which can be obtained from https://store.wiris.com/
en/products/mathtype/download. For help with formatting and
placing equations, refer to the IEEE Editing Math Guide at B. Multipart Figures
http://journals.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/ These are figures compiled of more than one sub-figure
sites/7/Editing-Mathematics.pdf and the IEEE MathType presented side-by-side or stacked. If a multipart figure is made
Tutorial for Microsoft Word Users at http://journals. up of multiple figure types (one part is line art, and another is
ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/IEEE- grayscale or color), the figure should meet the stricter
Math-Typesetting-Guide-for-MS-Word-Users.pdf. guidelines.
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION

C. File Formats for Graphics All color figures should be generated in RGB or CMYK
Format and save your graphics using a suitable graphics color space. Grayscale images should be submitted in
processing program that will allow you to create the images as grayscale color space. Line art may be provided in grayscale
PostScript (PS), Encapsulated PostScript (.EPS), Tagged OR bitmap colorspace. Note that “bitmap colorspace” and
Image File Format (.TIFF), Portable Document Format “bitmap file format” are not the same thing. When bitmap
(.PDF), JPEG, or Portable Network Graphics (.PNG). These color space is selected, .TIF/.TIFF/.PNG are the recommended
programs can re-size them and adjust the resolution settings. If file formats.
you created your source files in one of the following programs
you will be able to submit the graphics without converting to a H. Accepted Fonts Within Figures
PS, EPS, TIFF, PDF, or PNG file: Microsoft Word, Microsoft
When preparing your graphics, IEEE suggests that you use
PowerPoint, or Microsoft Excel. Though it is not required, it is
one of the following Open Type fonts: Times New Roman,
strongly recommended that these files be saved in PDF format
Helvetica, Arial, Cambria, or Symbol. If you are supplying
rather than DOC, XLS, or PPT. Doing so will protect your
EPS, PS, or PDF files, all fonts must be embedded. Some
figures from common font and arrow stroke issues that occur
fonts may only be native to your operating system; without the
when working on the files across multiple platforms. When
fonts embedded, parts of the graphic may be distorted or
submitting your final files, your graphics should all be
missing.
submitted individually in one of these formats along with the
A safe option when finalizing your figures is to strip out the
manuscript.
fonts before you save the files, creating “outline” type. This
converts fonts to artwork which will appear uniformly on any
D. Sizing of Graphics screen.
Most charts, graphs, and tables are one column wide (3.5
inches / 88 mm / 21 picas) or page wide (7.16 inches / 181 I. Using Labels Within Figures
millimeters / 43 picas). The maximum depth a graphic can be
is 8.5 inches (216 millimeters / 54 picas). When choosing the 1) Figure Axis Labels
depth of a graphic, please allow space for a caption. Figures a) Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion.
can be sized between column and page widths if the author Use words rather than symbols. As an example, write
chooses, however, it is recommended that figures not be sized the quantity “Magnetization” or “Magnetization M,”
less than column width unless when necessary. not just “M.” Put units in parentheses. Do not label
axes only with units. For example, write
“Magnetization (A/m)” or “Magnetization (A ¿ m−1),”
The final printed size of author photographs is exactly
1 in wide by 1.25 in tall (25.4 mm x 31.75 mm / 6 picas x 7.5
picas). Author photos printed in editorials measure 1.59 in not just “A/m.” Do not label axes with a ratio of
wide by 2 in tall (40 mm x 50 mm / 9.5 picas x 12 picas). quantities and units. For example, write
“Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”
b) Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write
E. Resolution “Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (10 3
The proper resolution of your figures will depend on the A/m).” Do not write “Magnetization (A/m) × 1000”
type of figure it is as defined in the “Types of Figures” because the reader would not know whether the top
section. Author photographs, color, and grayscale figures axis label means 16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure
should be at least 300dpi. Line art, including tables should be labels should be legible, approximately 8- to 10-point
a minimum of 600dpi. type.

2) Subfigure Labels in Multipart Figures and Tables

F. Vector Art Multipart figures should be combined and labeled
In order to preserve the figures’ integrity across multiple before final submission. Labels should appear centered
computer platforms, we accept files in the following below each subfigure in 8-point Times New Roman
formats: .EPS/.PDF/.PS. All fonts must be embedded or text font in the format of (a) (b) (c).
converted to outlines in order to achieve the best-quality
results.
J. Referencing a Figure or Table Within Your Article
When referencing your figures and tables within your article,
G. Color Space use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a
The term “color space” refers to the entire sum of colors that sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables should be
can be represented within the said medium. For our purposes, numbered with Roman numerals.
the three main color spaces are grayscale, RGB
(red/green/blue), and CMYK (cyan/magenta/yellow/black).
RGB is generally used with on-screen graphics, whereas K. Submitting Your Graphics
CMYK is used for printing purposes. Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your article, all
figures, figure captions, and tables can be placed at the end of
your article. However, if you do place your figures within the
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION

article, they should be placed at the top of the page, closest to them all; use et al. only if names are not given or if there are
the first mention in the text. Figures should be submitted as more than 6 authors. Use commas around Jr., Sr., and III in
individual files, separate from the manuscript in one of the file names. Abbreviate conference titles. When citing IEEE
formats listed above. Place figure captions below the figures; Transactions, provide the issue number, page range, volume
place table headings above the tables. Do not include captions number, month if available, and year. When referencing a
as part of the figures, or put them in “text boxes” linked to the patent, provide the day and the month of issue, or application.
figures. Also, do not place borders around the outside of your References may not include all information; please obtain and
figures. include relevant information. Do not combine references.
There must be only one reference with each number. If there is
L. Color Processing / Printing in IEEE Transactions, a URL included with the reference, it can be included at the
Journals, and Letters end of the reference.
All IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters allow an author Other than books, capitalize only the first word in an article
to publish color figures on IEEE Xplore at no charge, and title, except for proper nouns and element symbols. For
automatically convert them to grayscale for print versions. In articles published in translation journals, please give the
most journals, figures and tables may alternatively be printed English citation first, followed by the original foreign-
in color if an author chooses to do so. Please note that this language citation. See the end of this document for formats
service comes at an extra expense to the author. If you intend and examples of common references. For a complete
to have print color graphics, you will have the opportunity to discussion of references and their formats, see the IEEE
indicate this in the Author Gateway and will be contacted by Editorial Style Manual for Authors at
PubOps to confirm the charges. https://journals.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-
journal-article/create-the-text-of-your-article/ieee-editorial-
V. CONCLUSION style-manual/.
A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion
may review the main points of the article, do not replicate the
B. Footnotes
abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on the
importance of the work or suggest applications and extensions. Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert |
Footnote). Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the
APPENDIX column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the
reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see
Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.
Table I).
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
SUBMITTING YOUR IEEE COPYRIGHT FORM
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
Authors must submit an electronic IEEE Copyright Form
American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the
(eCF) upon submitting their final manuscript files. You can
singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments.
access the eCF system through your manuscript submission
Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to
system or through the Author Gateway. You are responsible
thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .” In most
for obtaining any necessary approvals and/or security
cases, sponsor and financial support acknowledgments are
clearances. For additional information on intellectual property
placed in the unnumbered footnote on the first page, not here.
rights, visit the IEEE Intellectual Property Rights department
web page at
REFERENCES AND FOOTNOTES
https://www.ieee.org/publications/rights/index.html
A. References
References need not be cited in text. When they are, they IEEE GUIDELINES AND POLICIES
appear on the line, in square brackets, inside the punctuation. A full overview of IEEE publishing guidelines and policies
Multiple references are each numbered with separate brackets. can be found at
When citing a section in a book, please give the relevant page https://journals.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/become-an-ieee-
numbers. In text, refer simply to the reference number. Do not journal-author/publishing-ethics/guidelines-and-policies/.
use “Ref.” or “reference” except at the beginning of a They are designed to help authors understand and navigate the
sentence: “Reference [3] shows ... .” Please do not use publishing process successfully. Learn more about IEEE’s
automatic endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list at fundamental publishing guidelines and principles, submission
the end of the paper using the “References” style. and peer review policies, post-publication policies, and
Reference numbers are set flush left and form a column of guidelines on advertising, accessibility, and data privacy.
their own, hanging out beyond the body of the reference. The
reference numbers are on the line, enclosed in square brackets.
In all references, the given name of the author or editor is It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the
abbreviated to the initial only and precedes the last name. Use unnumbered footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead,
try to integrate the footnote information into the text.
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION

REFERENCES
Examples:
Basic format for periodicals: [14] D. B. Payne and J. R. Stern, “Wavelength-switched passively coupled
J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. single-mode optical network,” in Proc. IOOC-ECOC, Boston, MA,
xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year, doi: 10.1109.XXX.1234567. USA, 1985,
Periodicals using article numbers: pp. 585–590.
J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, [15] D. Ebehard and E. Voges, “Digital single sideband detection for
Abbrev. Month, year, Art. no. xxxxx, doi: 10.1109.XXX.1234567. interferometric sensors,” presented at the 2nd Int. Conf. Optical Fiber
Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany, Jan. 2-5, 1984.
Examples: [16] PROCESS Corporation, Boston, MA, USA. Intranets: Internet
technologies deployed behind the firewall for corporate productivity.
[1] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of
Presented at INET96 Annual Meeting. [Online]. Available:
feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, no. 1, pp.
http://home.process.com/Intranets/wp2.htp
34–39, Jan. 1959, doi: 10.1109/TED.2016.2628402.
[2] E. P. Wigner, “Theory of traveling-wave optical laser,” Phys. Rev., vol.
134, pp. A635–A646, Dec. 1965.
[3] P. Kopyt et al., “Electric properties of graphene-based conductive layers Basic format for electronic documents (when available
from DC up to terahertz range,” IEEE THz Sci. Technol., to be published, online):
doi: 10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2544142. (Note: If a paper is still to be Issuing Organization. (year, month day). Title. [Type of medium]. Available:
published, but is available in early access, please follow ref [5]).) site/path/file
[4] R. Fardel, M. Nagel, F. Nuesch, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun, “Fabrication
of organic light emitting diode pixels by laser-assisted forward transfer,”
Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, no. 6, Aug. 2007, Art. no. 061103.
Example:
[17] U.S. House. 102nd Congress, 1st Session. (1991, Jan. 11). H. Con. Res.
[5] D. Comite and N. Pierdicca, "Decorrelation of the near-specular land
1, Sense of the Congress on Approval of Military Action. [Online].
scattering in bistatic radar systems," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.,
Available: LEXIS Library: GENFED File: BILLS
early access, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2021.3072864. (Note: This format is
used for articles in early access. The doi must be included.)
[6] H. V. Habi and H. Messer, "Recurrent neural network for rain estimation Basic format for patents:
using commercial microwave links," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month, day,
vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 3672-3681, May 2021. [Online]. Available: year.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9153027
Example:
Basic format for books: [18] G. Brandli and M. Dick, “Alternating current fed power supply,” U.S.
Patent 4 084 217, Nov. 4, 1978.
J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of Published Book, xth
ed. City of Publisher, (only U.S. State), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year,
ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx. Basic format for theses (M.S.) and dissertations (Ph.D.):
J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City
Examples: of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
[7] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics, 2nd J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept.,
ed., vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
15–64.
[8] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA, USA: Examples:
Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135. [19] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect.
[9] Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA, 1993.
Chicago, IL, USA: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1987, Accessed on: Feb. 28, [20] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium
2010, [Online]. Available: http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/ nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka,
Japan, 1993.
Basic format for handbooks:
Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. Basic format for the most common types of unpublished
State, Country, year, pp. xxx-xxx. references:
J. K. Author, private communication, Abbrev. Month, year.
Examples: J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” unpublished.
[10] Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” to be published.
Co., Winston-Salem, NC, USA, 1985, pp. 44–60.
[11] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor Examples:
Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA, 1989. [21] A. Harrison, private communication, May 1995.
[12] R. J. Hijmans and J. van Etten, “Raster: Geographic analysis and [22] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” 2014,
modeling with raster data,” R Package Version 2.0-12, Jan. 12, 2012. arXiv:2105.02824.
[Online]. Available: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=raster [23] A. Brahms, “Representation error for real numbers in binary computer
arithmetic,” IEEE Computer Group Repository, Paper R-67-85.
Basic format for reports:
J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. Basic formats for standards:
State, Country, Rep. xxx, year. a) Title of Standard, Standard number, date.
b) Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date.
Example:
[13] E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the Examples:
earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA, Tech. [24] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov. 1988. [25] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.

Basic format for conference proceedings:

J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf.,
Abbrev. State (if given), Country, year, pp. xxxxxx.
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION

First A. Author (Fellow, IEEE) and all

authors may include biographies if the
publication allows. Biographies are
often not included in conference-
related papers. Please check the
Information for Authors to confirm.
Author photos should be current,
professional images of the head and
shoulders. The first paragraph may
contain a place and/or date of birth (list place, then
date). Next, the author’s educational background is
listed. The degrees should be listed with the type of
degree in what field, which institution, city, state, and
country, and year the degree was earned. The author’s
major field of study should be lowercase.
The second paragraph uses the preferred third person
pronoun (he, she, they, etc.) and not the author’s last
name. It lists military and work experience, including
summer and fellowship jobs. Job titles are capitalized.
The current job must have a location; previous positions
may be listed without one. Information concerning
previous publications may be included. The format for
listing publishers of a book within the biography is: Title
of Book (publisher name, year) similar to a reference.
Current and previous research interests end the
paragraph.
The third paragraph begins with the author’s
preferred title and last name (e.g., Dr. Smith, Prof.
Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter, Mx. Riley). List any
memberships in professional societies other than the
IEEE. Finally, list any awards and work for IEEE
committees and publications.

Second B. Author photograph and biography not

available at the time of publication.

Third C. Author, Jr. (Member, IEEE), photograph and

biography not available at the time of publication.