Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723

COMMISSIONING AND
MAINTENANCE GUIDE
Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 1/28

CONTENTS

1. REQUIREMENTS PRIOR TO COMMISSIONING 3

2. COMMISSIONING TEST ENVIRONMENT 4
2.1 Important notes 4
2.1.1 Injection test sets 4
2.1.2 Additional commissioning test equipment 4
2.1.3 Communication 4
2.2 Commissioning test sheets 4

3. PRODUCT VERIFICATION TESTS 5

3.1 Allocation of terminals 5
3.2 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) 5
3.3 Visual inspection 5
3.4 Earthing 5
3.5 Current transformers (CTs) 5
3.6 Auxiliary supply 6
3.7 Logic inputs 6
3.8 Logic outputs 7
3.9 RS 485 rear communication 7

4. SETTING CHECK 8
4.1 Settings 8
4.2 Measurements 8
4.2.1 MiCOM P721 8
4.2.2 MiCOM P723 8
4.3 Phase differential proteciton ([87] Threshold I Diff]) 9
4.3.1 Test wiring diagram 9
4.3.2 MiCOM settings 11
4.3.3 [87] Threshold I Diff with Fourier mode 11
4.3.4 [87] Threshold I Diff with Sample mode 12
4.3.5 [87] Threshold I Diff with Fast mode 12
4.4 Earth differential protection ([87N] Threshold I Diff) 13
4.4.1 Test wiring diagram 13
4.4.2 MiCOM settings 14
4.4.3 [87N] Threshold I Diff with Fourier mode 15
4.4.4 [87N] Threshold I Diff with Sample mode 15
4.4.5 [87N] Threshold I Diff with Fast mode 16
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 2/28 MiCOM P721/P723

4.5 Phase bus wire supervision ([95] Phase Bus-Wire Sup) 16

4.5.1 Test wiring diagram 16
4.5.2 MiCOM settings 16
4.5.3 [95] Threshold I Sup with Fourier mode 17
4.5.4 [95] Threshold I Sup with Sample mode 17
4.5.5 [95] Threshold I Sup with Fast mode 18
4.6 Earth bus wire supervision ([95N] Earth Bus-Wire Sup) 19
4.7 REF/BEF Primary Injection Tests 19
4.7.1 Correct set up check 19
4.8 Busbar Primary Injection Tests 20
4.9 Final checks 23

5. MAINTENANCE 24
5.1 Equipment failure 24
5.1.1 Minor fault 24
5.1.2 Major fault 24
5.1.3 Hardware and software faults 25
5.2 Method of repair 25
5.2.1 Replacing the active part 25
5.2.2 Replacing the complete relay 25
5.3 Problem solving 26
5.3.1 Password lost or not accepted 26
5.3.2 Communication 26
Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 3/28

1. REQUIREMENTS PRIOR TO COMMISSIONING

The MiCOM P72x relays are fully numerical in their design, implementing all protection and
non-protection functions in software. The MiCOM relays use a high degree of self-checking
and, in the unlikely event of a failure, will give an alarm. As a result of this, the
commissioning tests do not need to be as extensive as with non-numerical relays (static or
electromechanical).
To commission MiCOM relays, it is only necessary to verify that the hardware is functioning
correctly and that the application-specific software settings have been applied to the MiCOM
relay. It is considered unnecessary to test every function of the relay if the settings have
been verified by one of the following methods:

 Extracting the settings applied to the relay using the appropriate setting software
MiCOM S1 (preferred method)

 From the front panel user interface.

REMINDER: It is not possible to download new setting software while the
programming mode is active.
To confirm that the product is operating correctly once the application-specific settings have
been applied, a test should be performed on a single protection element.
Unless previously agreed to the contrary, the customer will be responsible for determining
the application-specific settings to be applied to the MiCOM relays and for testing of any
scheme logic applied by external wiring.
Blank commissioning test sheets and commissioning setting record sheets are provided in
the Commissioning Test and Record Sheets (RS) chapter.
BEFORE CARRYING OUT ANY WORK ON THE EQUIPMENT, THE
USER SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH THE CONTENTS OF THE SAFETY
GUIDE SFTY/4LM/G11 OR LATER ISSUE, OR THE SAFETY AND
TECHNICAL DATA SECTION OF THE TECHNICAL MANUAL AND ALSO
THE RATINGS ON THE EQUIPMENT RATING LABEL.
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 4/28 MiCOM P721/P723

2. COMMISSIONING TEST ENVIRONMENT

2.1 Important notes
All commissioning tests of MiCOM P721 and P723 relays are carried out by injecting
currents to the secondary of the earth and/or phase CTs using the appropriate injection test
sets provided for this purpose.
2.1.1 Injection test sets
For convenience (weight, space, transportation), a single-phase injection test set is more
suitable for commissioning and can perform all commissioning tests for the MiCOM P72x
relay.
The following descriptions indicate how to conduct the commissioning tests with a single-
phase injection test set.
However, for certain commissioning tests, the three-phase wiring diagrams are easier to
understand and in this case the description is also given in three-phase format.
Single-phase injection test set
1 current (0 to 50 A), timer (precision 1 ms).
Three-phase injection test set
3 currents (0 to 50 A), timer (precision 1 ms).
2.1.2 Additional commissioning test equipment

 1 multimeter (precision 1%),

 1 connecting terminal to measure the currents exceeding 10 A (precision 2%),

 Test plugs and wires to carry out injections to the CT's secondary (dimensions
according to the currents injected).
2.1.3 Communication
For all commissioning tests, the records can be downloaded using the RS232 front
communication port in the P72x.
According to each RS 485 communication protocol (MODBUS, Courier, IEC 60870-5-103,
DNP3.0).
2.2 Commissioning test sheets
Blank commissioning test sheets are provided in the Commissioning Test and Record
Sheets (RS) chapter.
The Commissioning test sheets enable you to log:

 The name of the relay, station and circuit

 The characteristics of the MiCOM P72x relay

 The various settings

 The results of the protection and automation checks

 The result of the test records after commissioning.

Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 5/28

3. PRODUCT VERIFICATION TESTS

BEFORE CARRYING OUT ANY WORK ON THE EQUIPMENT, THE
USER SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH THE CONTENTS OF THE SAFETY
GUIDE SFTY/4LM/E11 OR LATER ISSUE, OR THE SAFETY AND
TECHNICAL DATA SECTIONS OF THE TECHNICAL MANUAL AND
ALSO THE RATINGS ON THE EQUIPMENT RATING LABEL.

3.1 Allocation of terminals

Consult the appropriate wiring diagrams in the Connection Diagrams (CO) chapter while
observing the various polarities and ground/earth connections.
3.2 Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
The case of the P72x protects it from electrostatic discharge. Do not remove the front panel
unnecessarily.
A person’s normal movements can generate high electrostatic voltages which can cause
serious damage to electronic components. The damage is not always immediately apparent
but can reduce reliability.
For further details see the chapter Handling Installation and Case Dimensions (IN).
3.3 Visual inspection
Carefully examine the relay to see if there has been any possible deterioration following
installation.
Check the external wiring corresponds to the appropriate relay diagram or the assembly
diagram. The reference number of the relay diagram is on a label under the upper flap of the
front panel.
When the relay is withdrawn from its case, use a continuity tester to check if the current
short-circuits (phases and earth CTs) between the terminals indicated on the wiring diagram
are closed.
3.4 Earthing
Check if the earth connection of the case situated above the rear terminal block is used to
connect the relay to a local earth bar. With several relays present, make sure that the copper
earth bar is properly installed for solidly connecting the earthing terminals of each case.
3.5 Current transformers (CTs)
DANGER: NEVER OPEN CIRCUIT THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT OF A CURRENT
TRANSFORMER SINCE THE HIGH VOLTAGE PRODUCED MAY BE
LETHAL AND COULD DAMAGE INSULATION.
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 6/28 MiCOM P721/P723

3.6 Auxiliary supply

Check the value of the auxiliary supply voltage (terminals 33 and 34). The value measured
shall be between 0.8 and 1.2 times the dc nominal auxiliary supply voltage, or 0.8 and 1.1
times the ac nominal auxiliary supply voltage indicated on the MiCOM P72x.

Maximum peak value

Uaux range (Volts) Uaux nominal zone (Volts)
(Volts)
24 - 60 Vdc 19 - 72 Vdc 80
48 - 250 Vdc/48 - 240 Vac 38 - 300 Vdc/38 - 264 Vac 336
24 - 250 Vdc/24 - 240 Vac 19 - 300 Vdc/19 - 264 Vac 336

3.7 Logic inputs

This test checks that all the opto-isolated inputs are functioning correctly. The P723 relays
have 5 opto-isolated inputs whereas the P721 relays have 2 opto-isolated inputs.
The opto inputs should be energized one at a time. The status of the input can be viewed
using the menu OP. PARAMETERS > Input Status. 1 indicates an energized input and 0
indicates a de-energized input. When each logic input is energized, one of the characters on
the bottom line of the menu display changes to the value shown in the following table to
indicate the new state of the inputs.

OP. PARAMETERS/Inputs
Input MiCOM P72x models
Status cell value

Opto input 1
P721, P723 00001
22-24 Terminals
Opto input 2
P721, P723 00010
26-28 Terminals
Opto input 3
P723 00100
17-19 Terminals
Opto input 4
P723 01000
21-23 Terminals
Opto input 5
P723 10000
25-27 Terminals
Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 7/28

3.8 Logic outputs

This test checks that all outputs are functioning correctly. The P723 has 8 outputs whereas
the P721 has 4 outputs.
The Watchdog normally-closed contact is in terminals 35-36 and the Watchdog normally-
open contact is in terminals 35-37.
RL1 and RL2 are change-over relays (2-4-6, 8-10-12).
RL3 to RL4 are normally open relays (14-16, 18-20).
RL5 to RL8 are normally open relays (1-3, 5-7, 11-9, 15-13).
Each output contact may have its own independent power supply (refer to wiring schemes).
To view the status of the outputs, use the menu OP. PARAMETERS > Relay Status.
1 indicates a closed output relay and 0 indicates an open output relay. When each output
relay is closed, one of the corresponding characters on the bottom line of the menu display
changes to the value shown in the following table to indicate the new state of the output.

OP. PARAMETERS >

OUTPUT MiCOM P72x models RelayStatus
cell value
RL 1
P721, P723 00000001
2-4-6 Terminals
RL 2
P721, P723 00000010
8-10-12 Terminals
RL 3
P721, P723 00000100
14-16 Terminals
RL 4
P721, P723 00001000
18-20 Terminals
RL 5
P723 00010000
1-3 Terminals
RL 6
P723 00100000
5-7 Terminals
RL 7
P723 01000000
11-9 Terminals
RL 8
P723 10000000
15-13 Terminals

3.9 RS 485 rear communication

This test should only be performed where the relay is to be accessed from a remote location
and will vary depending on the communication protocol being used (refer to the label under
the upper flap).
The test is not intended to verify the operation of the complete system from the relay to the
remote location, just the relay's rear communication port and any protocol converter
necessary.
Connect a laptop PC to the RS485 rear port (via a KITZ for Courier communication) and
check the communication. Refer to the KITZ manual to set it and establish communication
with the relay. The KITZ manual is available from the website www.areva-td.com
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 8/28 MiCOM P721/P723

4. SETTING CHECK
The setting checks ensure that all of the application-specific relay settings for the particular
installation have been correctly applied to the relay.
Transfer the setting file to the relay using a laptop PC running the appropriate software
through the RS232 front port (all MiCOM P72x models) or the RS485 rear port (all MiCOM
models). This method is preferred because it is much faster. If the setting software is not
used, enter the settings manually using the relay front panel interface.
Commissioning consists of the following points:

 Configuration of the settings

 Validation of the measurements

 Validation of the thresholds and associated timers.

4.1 Settings
Enter the settings on the commissioning test sheets.
4.2 Measurements
The MiCOM P721 measures the earth differential current (true rms), the maximum earth
differential current, and the frequency.
The MiCOM P723 measures the phase or earth differential currents (true rms), the maximum
phase or earth differential currents (true rms), and the frequency.
The MiCOM P723 measures earth differential current when the Connection setting is Earth.
It measures phase differential currents when the Connection setting is Phase.
WARNING: MiCOM P721 AND P723 RELAYS HAVE 1 AND 5 AMP CURRENT
INPUTS.
CHECK THAT THE INJECTED CURRENT IS COMPATIBLE WITH THE
SELECTED RANGE.
4.2.1 MiCOM P721

 Note the selected CT ratio.

 Energize the MiCOM P721 relay.

 Apply current to input terminals 55-56 or 47-48 and verify the INDiff value on the LCD.

 Carry forward the results to the Commissioning test sheets (Injected current and relay
current displayed)
4.2.2 MiCOM P723

 Note the selected phase and earth CTs ratio.

 Energize the MiCOM P723 relay.

 Apply current to inputs 55-56 or 47-48. Verify the INDiff values on the LCD.

 Apply current to inputs 49-50 or 41-42, 51-52 or 43-44 and 53-54 or 45-46 and verify
the IDiff values on the LCD.

 Enter the results on the Commissioning test sheets (Injected current and relay current
displayed).
Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 9/28

4.3 Phase differential proteciton ([87] Threshold I Diff])

Set the Trip [87] tDiff to the Trip Commands. Note that [87] tDiff is affected by the timer, any
blocking logic, the bus wire supervision and the check zone. On the other hand, [87] Diff is
instantaneous and it is not affected by any blocking logic, the bus wire supervision or the
check zone. To monitor the [87] Diff operation, assign it to any of the relay outputs available
(Rl2 to Rl8). The logic scheme of the three-phase high impedance differential protection is
shown in Figure 1:

FIGURE 1: [87] I DIFF LOGIC

4.3.1 Test wiring diagram
The test wiring diagram shown in Figure 2 makes it possible to conduct tests related to the
[87] Threshold I Diff.
The diagram describes current injection onto the 5 Amp phase current inputs (terminals 41-
42, 43-44, 45-46), as well as current injection onto the 1 Amp phase current inputs (terminals
49-50, 51-52, 53-54).
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 10/28 MiCOM P721/P723

Auxiliary supply
+33

-34

49
Current
50
1A
51
52

53
54
55
56 MiCOM
P723
41
Current 42
5A
43
44

45
46
47
48

Timer

stop
RL1 Trip output

P4503ENa

FIGURE 2: I DIFF TESTS WIRING

Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 11/28

4.3.2 MiCOM settings

4.3.2.1 MiCOM P723 Settings
Note that the setting cell Protection line select under Configuration/Connection should be set
as Phase.
Protection Menu

[87] PHASE DIFF. PROTECTION

[87] Phase diff. Prot. YES

[87] Threshold I Diff 2.00 In
[87] Fault Timer t diff 0.00 s
[87] Check Zone? No
[87] Measurement Filter Fourier, Sample, Fast sample modes
[87] Reset Timer tReset 0.00 s

AUTOMAT. CTRL/Trip commands Menu

TRIP [87] tDiff YES

4.3.3 [87] Threshold I Diff with Fourier mode

The Fourier mode is based on the module of the fundamental of the differential current. If
Idiff  [87] Threshold I Diff , the relay trips.

Values to be recorded:
[87] Threshold I Diff for each phase
Time delay tDiff> for each phase.
[87] Threshold I Diff check:
If the time delay [87] Fault Timer tdiff is short, gradually increase the injection current up to
the value of the [87] Threshold I Diff.
If the time delay [87] Fault Timer tdiff is long, inject 0.95 x [87] Threshold I Diff and check that
there is no tripping. Then inject 1.1 x [87] Threshold I Diff and check the trip.
Gradually decrease the injected current and record the value of the drop out.
Checks:
Alarm message on the LCD.
Alarm LED flashes.
Trip LED on
[87] tDiff LED on (if programmed).
Trip output closes.
[87] tDiff output closes (if programmed).
[87] Fault Timer tdiff check:
Apply a current onto phase A and measure the time delay [87] tDiff by pre-setting the current
above the [87] Threshold I Diff (I injected > 2 x [87] Threshold I Diff). Repeat the same test
for phases B and C.
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 12/28 MiCOM P721/P723

4.3.4 [87] Threshold I Diff with Sample mode

The sample mode compares the peak-to-peak value of the differential current divided by
2  2 against the [87] Threshold I Diff.

Idiffpeak  peak
If  [87] Threshold I Diff , then the relay trips.
2 2
Values to be recorded:
[87] Threshold I Diff for each phase
Time delay tDiff> for each phase.
[87] Threshold I Diff check:
If the time delay [87] Fault Timer tdiff is short, gradually increase the injection current up to
the value of the [87] Threshold I Diff.
If the time delay [87] Fault Timer tdiff is long, inject 0.95 x [87] Threshold I Diff and check that
there is no tripping. Then inject 1.1 x [87] Threshold I Diff and check the trip.
Gradually decrease the injected current and record the value of the drop out.
Checks:
Alarm message on the LCD.
Alarm LED flashes.
Trip LED on
[87] tDiff LED on (if programmed).
Trip output closes.
[87] tDiff output closes (if programmed).
[87] Fault Timer tdiff check:
Apply a current onto phase A and measure the time delay [87] tDiff by presetting the current
above the [87] Threshold I Diff (I injected > 2 x [87] Threshold I Diff). Repeat the same test
for phases B and C.
4.3.5 [87] Threshold I Diff with Fast mode
The Fast mode detects a number of samples above the threshold during one AC half cycle.
The Fast mode threshold is 2  2  [87] Threshold I Diff. If four consecutive samples are
above 2  2  [87] Threshold I Diff, then the relay trips.
Values to be recorded:
[87] Threshold I Diff for each phase
Time delay tDiff> for each phase.
[87] Threshold I Diff check:
If the time delay [87] Fault Timer tdiff is short, gradually increase the injection current up to
the value of 2  2  [87] Threshold I Diff.

If the time delay [87] Fault Timer tdiff is long, inject 0.95  2  2  [87] Threshold I Diff and
check that there is no tripping. Then inject 1.1  2  2  [87] Threshold I Diff and check the
trip.
Gradually decrease the injected current and record the value of the drop out.
Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 13/28

Checks:
Alarm message on the LCD.
Alarm LED flashes.
Trip LED on
[87] tDiff LED on (if programmed).
Trip output closes.
[87] tDiff output closes (if programmed).
[87] Fault Timer tdiff check:
Apply a current onto phase A and measure the time delay [87] tDiff by presetting the current
above the 2  2  [87] Threshold I Diff (I injected > 2  2  2 
[87] Threshold I Diff). Repeat the same test for phases B and C.
4.4 Earth differential protection ([87N] Threshold I Diff)
Set the Trip [87N] tDiff to the Trip Commands. Note that [87N] tDiff is affected by the timer,
the bus wire supervision and any blocking logic. On the other hand, [87N] Diff is
instantaneous and it is not affected by any blocking logic or the bus wire supervision. To
monitor the [87N] Diff operation, assign it to any of the relay outputs available (RL2 to RL8).
The logic scheme of the single-phase high impedance differential protection is shown in
Figure 3.

[87N] DIFF

BLOCKS THE TIMER [87N] FAULT TIMER tDIFF [87N] tDIFF

BLOCKING LOGIC 1/2

BLOCKS THE TIMER

[95N] SUP [95N] FAULT TIMER tSUP [95N] tSUP

P4493ENa

FIGURE 3: [87N] I DIFF LOGIC

4.4.1 Test wiring diagram
The test wiring diagram shown in Figure 4 makes it possible to conduct tests related to the
[87N] Threshold I Diff.
The diagram describes current injection onto the 5 Amp phase current inputs (terminals
47-48), as well as current injection onto the 1 Amp phase inputs (terminals 55-56).
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 14/28 MiCOM P721/P723

FIGURE 4: [87N] I DIFF TESTS WIRING

4.4.2 MiCOM settings
4.4.2.1 MiCOM P721 and P723 settings
Protection Menu
In the P723 setting file, the cell Description under Op Parameters can be set as either P721
or P723. If it is set as P723, then setting cell Protection line select under
Configuration/Connection may be set as either [87N] Earth or [87] Phase. If the cell
Description is set to P721, then setting cell Protection line select under
Configuration/Connection can only be set as [87N] Earth.

[87N] EARTH DIFF. PROTECTION

[87N] Earth Diff Prot. Yes
[87N] Threshold I Diff 1.00 In
[87N] Flt Timer t Diff 0.00 s
[87N] Measurement Filter Fourier, Sample, Fast sample modes
[87N] Rst Timer tReset 0.00 s

AUTOMAT. CTRL/Trip commands Menu

TRIP [87N] tDiff YES

Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 15/28

4.4.3 [87N] Threshold I Diff with Fourier mode

The Fourier mode is based on the differential current fundamental module. If
Idiff  [87] Threshold I Diff , then the relay trips.

Values to be recorded:
[87N] Threshold I Diff
Time delay tDiff>
[87] Threshold I Diff check:
If the time delay [87N] Flt Timer tdiff is short, gradually increase the injection current up to
the value of the [87N] Threshold I Diff.
If the time delay [87N] Flt Timer tdiff is long, inject 0.95 x [87N] Threshold I Diff and check
that there is no tripping. Then inject 1.1 x [87N] Threshold I Diff and check the trip.
Gradually decrease the injected current and record the value of the drop out.
Checks:
Alarm message on the LCD.
Alarm LED flashes.
Trip LED on
[87N] tDiff LED on (if programmed).
Trip output closes.
[87N] tDiff output closes (if programmed).
[87N] Flt Timer tdiff check:
Apply a current onto the single phase CT input and measure the time delay [87N] tDiff by
pre-setting the current above the [87N] Threshold I Diff (I injected > 2 x [87N] Threshold I
Diff).
4.4.4 [87N] Threshold I Diff with Sample mode

The sample mode compares the peak-to-peak value of the differential current divided by 2 
Idiffpeak  peak
2 against the [87N] Threshold I Diff. If  [87N] Threshold I Diff , then the
2 2
relay trips.
Values to be recorded:
[87N] Threshold I Diff
Time delay tDiff>
[87] Threshold I Diff check:
If the time delay [87N] Flt Timer tdiff is short, gradually increase the injection current up to
the value of the [87N] Threshold I Diff.
If the time delay [87N] Flt Timer tdiff is long, inject 0.95 x [87N] Threshold I Diff and check
that there is no tripping. Then inject 1.1 x [87N] Threshold I Diff and check the trip.
Gradually decrease the injected current and record the value of the drop out.
Checks:
Alarm message on the LCD.
Alarm LED flashes.
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 16/28 MiCOM P721/P723

Trip LED on
[87N] tDiff LED on (if programmed).
Trip output closes.
[87N] tDiff output closes (if programmed).
[87N] Fault Timer tdiff check:
Apply a current onto the single phase CT input and measure the time delay [87N] tDiff by
pre-setting the current above the [87N] Threshold I Diff (I injected > 2 x [87N] Threshold I
Diff).
4.4.5 [87N] Threshold I Diff with Fast mode
The Fast mode detects a number of samples above the threshold during one AC half cycle.
The Fast mode threshold is 2  2  [87N] Threshold I Diff. If four consecutive samples are
above 2  2  [87N] Threshold I Diff, then the relay trips.
Values to be recorded:
[87N] Threshold I Diff
Time delay tDiff>
[87N] Threshold I Diff check:
If the time delay [87N] Flt Timer tdiff is short, gradually increase the injection current up to
the value of 2  2  [87N] Threshold I Diff.

If the time delay [87N] Fault Timer tdiff is long, inject 0.95 x 2  2  [87N] Threshold I Diff
and check that there is no tripping. Then inject 1.1 x 2  2  [87N] Threshold I Diff and
check the trip.
Gradually decrease the injected current and record the value of the drop out.
Checks:
Alarm message on the LCD.
Alarm LED flashes.
Trip LED on
[87N] tDiff LED on (if programmed).
Trip output closes.
[87N] tDiff output closes (if programmed).
[87N] Fault Timer tdiff check:
Apply a current onto the single phase CT and measure the time delay [87N] tDiff by pre-
setting the current above the 2  2  [87N] Threshold I Diff (I injected > 2 x 2  2  [87N]
Threshold I Diff).
4.5 Phase bus wire supervision ([95] Phase Bus-Wire Sup)
4.5.1 Test wiring diagram
The same test wiring diagram shown in section 4.3.1 can be used.
4.5.2 MiCOM settings
4.5.2.1 MiCOM P723 Settings
Note that the setting cell Protection line select under Configuration/Connection should be set
as [87] Phase.
Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 17/28

Protection Menu

[95] PHASE BUS-WIRE SUPERV

[95] Phase Bus-Wire Sup YES

[95] Threshold I Sup 2.00 In
[95] Fault timer t Sup 3.00 s
[95] Measurement Filter Fourier, Sample, Fast sample modes
[95] Reset Timer tReset 0.00 s
AUTOMAT. CTRL/Output Relays
Assign [95A] tSup A, [95B] tSup B, [95C] tSup C and [95] Sup to any of the outputs relays
(RL2-RL8) to monitor the status of the bus wire supervision function.
4.5.3 [95] Threshold I Sup with Fourier mode
The Fourier mode is based on the module of the fundamental of the differential current.
Values to be recorded:
[95] Threshold I Sup for each phase
Time delay tSup for each phase.
[95] Threshold I Sup check:
If the time delay [95] Fault Timer t Sup is short, gradually increase the injected current up to
the value of the [95] Threshold I Sup and verify that [95] Sup is asserted. Keep injecting the
current and after the timer elapses verify that [95] tSup is also asserted.
If the time delay [95] Fault Timer t Sup is long, inject 0.95 x [95] Threshold I Sup and check
that [95] Sup is not asserted. Then inject 1.1 x [95] Threshold I Sup and check [95] Sup is
asserted. Keep injecting the later current and after the timer elapses verify that [95] tSup is
also asserted.
Gradually decrease the injected current and record the value of the drop out.
Checks:
Alarm message on the LCD.
Alarm LED flashes.
[95] tSup LED on (if programmed).

Trip output does not close (If [95] Threshold I Sup  Idiff  [87] Threshold I Diff and the
[95] Fault timer t Sup has elapsed).
[95A] tSup A output closes (if programmed).
[95B] tSup B output closes (if programmed).
[95C] tSup C output closes (if programmed).
[95] Fault Timer t Sup check:
Apply a current onto phase A and measure the time delay [95A] tSup A by presetting the
current above the [95] Threshold I Sup (2 x [95] Threshold I Diff  I injected  [87] Threshold
I Diff). Repeat the same test for phases B and C using [95B] tSup B and [95C] tSup C
respectively.
4.5.4 [95] Threshold I Sup with Sample mode
The sample mode compares the peak to peak value of the differential current divided by
2  2 against the [95] Threshold I Sup.
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 18/28 MiCOM P721/P723

Values to be recorded:
[95] Threshold I Sup for each phase
Time delay tSup for each phase.
[95] Threshold I Sup check:
If the time delay [95] Fault Timer t Sup is short, gradually increase the injected current to [95]
Threshold I Sup and verify that [95] Sup is asserted. Keep injecting the current and after the
timer elapses verify that [95] tSup is also asserted.

If the time delay [95] Fault Timer t Sup is long, inject 0.95  [95] Threshold I Sup and check
that [95] Sup is not asserted. Then inject 1.1  [95] Threshold I Sup and check that [95] Sup
is asserted. Keep injecting the later current and after the timer elapses verify that [95] tSup
is also asserted.
Gradually decrease the injected current and record the value of the drop out.
Checks:
Alarm message on the LCD.
Alarm LED flashes.
[95] tSup LED on (if programmed).
Trip output does not close

Idiffpeak  peak
(If [95] Threshold I Sup   [87] Threshold I Diff and the [95] Fault timer
2 2
t Sup has elapsed).
[95A] tSup A output closes (if programmed).
[95B] tSup B output closes (if programmed).
[95C] tSup C output closes (if programmed).
[95] Fault Timer tSup check:
Apply a current onto one of the phases and measure the time delay [95] tSup by presetting
the current above the [95] Threshold I Sup (2 x [95] Threshold I Sup < I injected < [87]
Threshold I Diff) and verify that [95] Sup is asserted. Keep injecting the current and after the
timer elapses verify that [95] tSup is also asserted. Repeat the same test for phases B and
C using [95B] tSup B and [95C] tSup C respectively.
4.5.5 [95] Threshold I Sup with Fast mode
The Fast mode detects a number of samples above the threshold during one AC half cycle.
The Fast mode threshold is 2  2  [95] Threshold I Sup.
Values to be recorded:
[95] Threshold I Sup for each phase
Time delay tSup for each phase.
[95] Threshold I Sup check:
If the time delay [95] Fault Timer tSup is short, gradually increase the injection current up to
the value of 2  2  [95] Threshold I Sup and verify that [95] Sup is asserted. Keep
injecting the current and after the timer elapses verify that [95] tSup is also asserted.

If the time delay [95] Fault Timer tSup is long, inject 0.95 x 2  2  [95] Threshold I Sup and
check that [95] Sup is not asserted. Then inject 1.1 x 2  2  [95] Threshold I Sup and
check that [95] Sup is asserted. Keep injecting the later current and after the timer elapses
verify that [95] tSup is also asserted.
Gradually decrease the injected current and record the value of the drop out.
Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 19/28

Checks:
Alarm message on the LCD.
Alarm LED flashes.
[95] tSup LED on (if programmed).
Trip output does not close

(If 2  2  [95] Threshold I Sup  Idiff  2  2  [87] Threshold I Diff and the [95] Fault
timer t Sup has elapsed).
[95A] tSup A output closes (if programmed).
[95B] tSup B output closes (if programmed).
[95C] tSup C output closes (if programmed).
[95] Fault Timer tdiff check:
Apply a current onto phase A and measure the time delay [95A] tDiff A by pre-setting the
current above the 2  2  [95] Threshold I Sup (2  2  2  [95] Threshold I Sup < I
injected < 2  2  [87] Threshold I Diff). Repeat the same test for phases B and C using
[95B] tSup B and [95C] tSup C respectively.
4.6 Earth bus wire supervision ([95N] Earth Bus-Wire Sup)
Three P721 relays are required to use the P721 in three phase applications. In this case,
the [95N] Earth Bus-wire Sup should be tested the same way as the [95] Phase Bus-wire
Sup in the P723. [95N] Sup and [95N] tSup should be verified. Check section 4.5 for further
test details.
4.7 REF/BEF Primary Injection Tests
Primary injection tests will be used to check that the current transformers for the high
impedance differential scheme are correctly connected.
4.7.1 Correct set up check
Before commencing any primary injection tests it is essential to ensure that the circuit is
dead, isolated from the remainder of the system and that only those earth connections
associated with the primary injection test equipment are in position.
The stability of the scheme can be checked by injecting through the neutral current
transformer and each phase current transformer in turn. This test is required when the P72x
is used in a high impedance REF.
Figure 7 shows the connections for the P721 and P723 when the relays are used in a high
impedance differential scheme.
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 20/28 MiCOM P721/P723

Figure 5: REF - Primary injection - stability test set up

During the stability test, it is necessary to measure the spill current in the relay circuit,
therefore the stabilizing resistor should be shorted out. The current should be increased up
to as near full load as possible and the current flowing through ammeter A1 noted. If the
connections are correct, this current would be very low, only a few milliamps. A high reading,
(twice the injected current, referred through the current transformer ratio) indicates that one
of the current transformer connections is reversed. This test should be repeated for the
B-phase CT and neutral CT, and then for the C-phase CT and neutral CT.
The sensitivity of the protection can be checked by injecting with the single phase test set
through each of the main current transformers in turn. This is shown in Figure 6. While
carrying out this test it is advisable to measure the voltage across the relay coil and
stabilizing resistance, and so to check the approximate voltage developed by the main
current transformer to cause relay operation. During this test the P79x auxiliary relay should
be kept energized, thus the stabilizing resistor is not short circuited.

Figure 6: REF/BEF - Primary injection - sensitivity test set up

4.8 Busbar Primary Injection Tests
First choose any of the CTs as the reference CT. The polarity and ratio of the reference CT
should be checked first. Afterwards the polarity and ratio of the other CTs in the high
impedance differential busbar scheme should be verified against the reference CT.
As shown in Figure 7, primary current should be injected through the reference CT to verify
the CT ratio. It is important to short circuit the stabilizing resistor since it may not be rated to
continuously withstand the injected current. Since the P723 has a low burden, the varistor is
effectively short circuited when the stabilizing resistor is short circuited. If the P79x is de-
energized, the stabilizing resistor and varistor will be short circuited.
Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 21/28

Figure 7: Busbar application - Primary injection – ratio check of reference CT

The ratio of A2 to A1 should approximate closely to the actual CT ratio.
To check the polarity of reference current transformers, current injection should be carried
out through the primaries of two current transformers in the group as shown in Figure 8.
During this test keep the P79x de-energized so that the stabilizing resistor and the varistor
are kept short circuited. The polarity is correct if the reading on A1 is a few milliamperes.
Phases A and B can be tested first and then phases B and C. If the current transformers are
switched between main and reserve bus wires by isolator auxiliary switches, it is
recommended to perform the tests with the busbar isolators in both positions.

Figure 8: Busbar application - Primary injection – polarity check of reference CT

The current transformers of each other circuit should be checked against the reference CT.
This is done by injecting primary current through the reference and each of the remaining
circuits. The P79x should be kept de-energized to effectively short circuit the high
impedance differential scheme. As shown in Figure 9, primary current is injected into one
pair of phases of the reference circuit with a temporary three phase short circuit applied in
the test circuit. The ratio of the reading on ammeter A2 to A3 should closely approximate to
the current transformer ratio. If the polarity is correct, then only a few milliamperes may be
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 22/28 MiCOM P721/P723

read on A1. To verify the ratio and polarity of all current transformers, primary injection
should be performed between A and B and then between B and C phases.

Figure 9: Busbar application - Primary injection – Inter-group ratio and polarity check
The sensitivity of the scheme should also be tested by injecting primary current into one of
the current transformers only. The current required to operate the P72x with the maximum
number of current transformers in idle shunt should be measured. Since the supervision
relay has a low setting it should be left inoperative while performing the sensitivity test. To
verify that the correct value of stabilizing resistor is used, a voltmeter should be used to
measure the voltage across the P72x and the stabilizing resistor. The voltage reading
should be noted when the P72x operates, and this voltage should be very close to the Vs
(stability voltage). The sensitivity test should be performed for each discriminating zone and
for the overall check zone. The primary operating current should be very close to the
effective relay setting or primary operating current calculated. Figure 10 shows the
sensitivity test connections. During this test the P79x auxiliary relay should be kept
energized, thus the stabilizing resistor is not short circuited.
Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 23/28

Figure 10: Busbar application - Primary injection – Sensitivity test

4.9 Final checks
The tests are now complete. Remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc.. If it is
necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the relay to perform the wiring
verification tests, ensure that all connections are replace in accordance with the relevant
external connection or scheme diagram.
If a MMLG test block is installed, remove the MMLB01 test plug and replace the MMLG
cover so that the protection is put into service.
Ensure that all event, fault and disturbance records, alarms and LEDs have been reset
before leaving the relay.
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 24/28 MiCOM P721/P723

5. MAINTENANCE
5.1 Equipment failure
The MiCOM P723 and P721 are fully digital and self-diagnosing. As soon as an internal
fault is detected, depending on its type (minor or major), an alarm message is displayed as a
priority on the front panel LCD before the fault LED is illuminated (fixed or flashing) and the
watchdog relay is closed (if the fault is a major one).
The watchdog facility provides two output relay contacts, one normally open and one
normally closed that are driven by the processor board. These are provided to give an
indication that the relay is in a healthy state.
An equipment failure (major or minor) cannot be acknowledged on the front panel (using the
dedicated tactile button keypad). Only the disappearance of the cause will acknowledge the
fault and hence reset the fault LED.
All tests are performed while the relay boots. Background software tasks, except for volatile
memory tests, are performed only when the relay boots and on any setting changes.
5.1.1 Minor fault
A communication failure is regarded by the MiCOM P721 and P723 relays as a minor fault. If
the communication is at fault, the MiCOM P721 and P723 protection and automation
modules are not affected. The MiCOM relay is fully operational. The watchdog relay is
energized (35-36 contact open and 36-37 contact closed).
Message:
"COMM.ERROR": Communication fault
Cause:
Hardware or software failure of the communication module
Action:
Withdraw the active part and return it to the factory for repair.
Alternative: If communication is not used, disable communication in the COMMUNICATION
menu (Communication ? = No).
5.1.2 Major fault
In MiCOM P721 and P723 relays, major faults are all software and hardware failures except
for communication faults. As soon as this type of failure is detected, the watchdog (WD) is
de-energized (35-36 contact closed and 36-37 contact open) and all operations are stopped
(protection, automation, communication).
Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 25/28

5.1.3 Hardware and software faults

Messages:
"DEFAULT SETTING": Indication that the relay is running the default setting
"SETTING ERROR": Failure in the setting
" CALIBRATION ERROR.": Calibration zone failure
"CT ERROR": Analogue channel failure
Cause:
Hardware or software failure
Action:
Restart the protection software (refer § 5.3).
If the software fault still remains after restart, withdraw the active part and return the module
to the factory for repair.
5.2 Method of repair
5.2.1 Replacing the active part
BEFORE CARRYING OUT ANY WORK ON THE EQUIPMENT, THE
USER SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH THE CONTENTS OF THE SAFETY
GUIDE SFTY/4LM/E11 OR LATER ISSUE, OR THE SAFETY AND
TECHNICAL DATA SECTIONS OF THE TECHNICAL MANUAL AND
ALSO THE RATINGS ON THE EQUIPMENT RATING LABEL.

The case and the rear terminals blocks have been designed to facilitate removal of the
MiCOM P72x relay should replacement or repair become necessary without disconnect the
scheme wiring.
NOTE: The MiCOM range of relays have integral current transformer shorting
switches which will close when the active part is removed from the
case.
Remove the upper and lower flap without exerting excessive force. Remove the external
screws. Under the upper flap, turn the extractor with a 3 mm screwdriver and extract the
active part of the relay by pulling from the upper and lower notches on the front panel of the
MiCOM relay.
To reinstall the repaired or replacement relay follow the above instructions in reverse,
ensuring that no modification has been made to the scheme wiring.
On completion of any operations which require the relay to be removed from its case, verify
that the four fixing screws are fitted at the corners of the front panel under the flaps. These
screws secure the chassis (removable part) to the relay case, ensuring good seating and
contact.
5.2.2 Replacing the complete relay
To remove the complete relay (active part and case) the entire wiring must be removed from
the rear connector.
Before working at the rear of the relay, isolate all current supplies to the MiCOM relay and
ensure that the relay is no longer powered.
DANGER: NEVER OPEN THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT OF A CURRENT
TRANSFORMER SINCE THE HIGH VOLTAGE PRODUCED MAY BE
LETHAL AND COULD DAMAGE THE INSULATION.
Remove all wiring (communication, logic inputs, outputs, auxiliary voltage, current inputs).
Disconnect the relay earth connection from the rear of the relay.
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 26/28 MiCOM P721/P723

Remove the screws used to fasten the relay to the panel, rack, etc.. These are the screws
with the larger diameter heads that are accessible when the upper and lower flaps are
installed.
Carefully withdraw the relay from the panel or rack because it will be heavy due to the
internal transformers.
To reinstall the repaired or replacement relay, follow the above instructions in reverse,
ensuring that each terminal block is relocated in the correct position and that the case earth
and communication are replaced.
Once reinstallation is complete the relay should be recommissioned.
5.3 Problem solving
5.3.1 Password lost or not accepted
Problem:
Password lost or not accepted
Cause:

MiCOM P721 and P723 relays are supplied with the password set to AAAA.
This password can be changed by the user (refer OP PARAMETERS menu).
Action:
There is an additional unique recovery password associated with the relay which can be
supplied by the factory or service agent, if given details of its serial number (under the upper
flap of the front panel). With this serial number, contact your AREVA T&D Automation
Business local dealer or AREVA T&D Automation After Sales Dept.
5.3.2 Communication
5.3.2.1 Values measured locally and remotely.
Problem:
The measurements noted remotely and locally (via RS485 communication) differ.
Cause:
The values accessible on the front face via the Measurement menu are refreshed every
second. Those fed back via RS485 communication and accessible by the AREVA T&D'S
Automation Business Setting software generally have skeletal refreshing frequencies. If the
refreshing frequency of the supervision software differs from that of MiCOM P721 and P723
relays (1s), there may be a difference between indicated values.
Action:
Adjust the frequency for refreshing the measurements of the supervision software or of the
setting software to 1 second.
5.3.2.2 MiCOM relay no longer responds
Problem:
No response from MiCOM P721 and P723 relays when asked by the supervision software
without any communication fault message.
Cause:
Mainly, this type of problem is linked to an error in the MiCOM P721 and P723
communication parameters.
Commissioning and Maintenance P72x/EN CM/A11

MiCOM P721/P723 Page 27/28

Action:
Check MiCOM P721 and P723 communication parameters (data rate, parity, etc.) are in
accordance with the supervision settings.
Check MiCOM P721 and P723 network address.
Check that this address is not used by another device connected on the same LAN.
Check that the other devices on the same LAN answer to supervision requests.
5.3.2.3 A remote command is not taken in account
Problem:
The communication between the relay and the PC is correct, but the relay does not accept
any remote command or file downloading.
Cause:
Generally this is due to the fact that the relay is in a programming situation, therefore the
password is active.
Action:
Check that the relay password has not been active for the last 5 minutes.
P72x/EN CM/B96 Commissioning and Maintenance

Page 28/28 MiCOM P721/P723

BLANK PAGE