CALIFICACIÓN:

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Asignatura: Inglés – 2ª Evaluación Grupo: Higher (A) Fecha:

Nombre: Curso: 4º ESO N.º Lista:

1. Are these sentences True (T) or False (F)? Correct the false sentences by

changing the adjective.

1 A gullible person would be easily persuaded to buy a fake mobile phone. T/F
2 A sceptical friend is one that is a true and real friend. T/F
3 A cynical person would probably not be motivated to vote in an election. T/F
4 You could ask your reliable friend to keep a secret. T/F
Score __/4

2. Choose the correct option to complete the text.

Workers at a large electronics factory arrived at work as usual today but then refused
to carry out their duties. The factory staff were 1 ________ with the management’s
decision to make fifty people redundant. As well as preventing any production at the
plant, the workers 2 ________ roads into and out of the factory so no delivery
vehicles could enter or leave the premises. Management at the factory 3 ________
the factory workers’ behaviour and urged administrative staff not to 4 ________ their
colleagues’ action, as doing so would further 5 ________ the company’s financial
position, thereby making further job losses more likely. The management’s attitude
appears only to have 6 ________ factory workers’ determination to have the decision
about job losses reversed. A local business advisor, Latifa Daniels, is hoping to 7
________ talks between the two sides in the dispute, but has so far been unsuccessful
in doing so.

1 A clashing B condemning C rebelling D defying

2 A obstructed B defied C reinforced D conformed

3 A condemned B rebelled C obeyed D reinforced

4 A praise B conform C strengthen D support

5 A defy B weaken C reinforce D condemn

6 A conformed B reinforced C praised D clashed

7 A conform B strengthen C facilitate D obey

Score __/7

3. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a

word that fits in the gap in the same line.

There are many reasons for getting involved in (a) ____________ research as a

career. ACADEMY

Many research projects are (b) ____________ in nature, so research teams form

COLLABORATE

(c) _____________ with those at other universities. You are, therefore, bound to

PARTNER

meet many fascinating people, with whom you can not only share any

(d) _______________ you might have about the progress of the work or the

ANXIOUS
effectiveness of the 5 (e) ______________ the teams are following, but also any

PROCEED

(f) ________________ and successes the teams may have together. There’s also

ACHIEVE

nothing more satisfying than using your (f) ___________________ to solve

INTELLIGENT

complex problems. And who knows? You may be involved in research that

creates technology which has (g) ________________ applications and so will

COMMERCE

make money for the establishment you work for.

Score____ /8
GRAMMAR

3. Rewrite the sentences using the words given. Do not change the meaning.

1 As soon as we sat down to eat, the lights went out.

No sooner _______________________________________________________

2 Ivan started a campaign to save the woods as well as raising a lot of money.

Not only ____________________________________________________

3 You shouldn’t take your mobile phones into the exam hall under any

circumstances.
 Under no circumstances

____________________________________________________

4 I had never been faced with such a dilemma.

Never____________________________________________________

Score __/4

4. Complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the first. You

should use between three and five words, including the word given.

1 Everyone knows what the result of the science competition is going to be. WHO

Everyone knows ……………………………………………………… the science

competition.

2 Carla’s talk at the museum this weekend has been cancelled. IS

Carla …………………………………….. talk at the museum this weekend

because it’s been cancelled.

3 There’s a strong likelihood that adding that chemical will jeopardise the

experiment. HIGHLY

Adding that chemical …………………………………………………. jeopardise

the experiment.

4 The merger of the physics and chemistry departments is about to take place.

VERGE
 The physics and chemistry departments

…………………………………………………. merging.

Score __/8

5. Choose the best answers to complete the text. Please CIRCLE the correct

answer ONLY.

The annual film festival in the city where I live 1__ this weekend. What I’m most

excited about is that 2___ the latest film by my favourite director, Amanda Calvert.

Not only that, but Amanda 3__ in a question and answer session after the film has

shown. When I first found out, I 4__ her about how she develops relationships with

the actors she works with, but I changed my mind and decided I 5__ how she got

into directing instead. My ambition is to become a director like her, so it 6__ very

useful to know how she started off in the profession. Anyway, the film festival 7__

for a week altogether, so it 8__ me lots of opportunities to see films by other

directors too from all around the world.

1 A start B is likely to start C starts D is bound to start

2 A I’m going to see B I see C I’ll see D I would see
3 A will take part B takes part C is taking part D would take
part
4 A will ask B am going to ask C would ask D was going to
ask
5 A was going to find out B am finding out C will find out D would find
out
6 A is going to be B will be C will be D was going to
be
7 A lasts B will last C is lasting D is going to last
8 A is giving B is going to give C will give D would give
Score __/8

READING

You are going to read an article about humans’ ability to make accurate
predictions. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. For
questions (1–6), choose from the paragraphs (A–G) the one which fits each
gap. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

Why people find predicting the future so hard

For all our natural intelligence, that has seen us cure innumerable diseases and land
small metal spacecraft on planets and other objects millions of kilometres away
from earth, humans are remarkably bad when it comes to making predictions. A
great deal of research has been done to investigate why this might be the case. One
of the most interesting findings common to much of the research is that the more
desirable a future event is, the more likely people are to think it will actually
happen.
(1) ……
An astonishing 80% of them expected their choice to poll around four times as
many votes as their rival. What’s interesting is that this margin of victory had
never before been recorded and also independent opinion polls taken at the time
generally predicted a fairly close race. People’s predictions were therefore clearly
not based on objective information, but were rather more like fantasies, distorting
their perception of an election’s closeness in ways that are consistent with their
preferences.
(2)……
There is, therefore, also a significant unwillingness in humans to predict that
undesirable things may well happen. However, there is more complexity to our
predictions than simply ‘I want it to happen so I think it will’, and it’s opposite.
For instance, when asked to rate the likelihood in their own lives of various
negative life events, such as divorce, losing a job or serious illness, research
respondents consistently rated themselves as significantly less likely to experience
them than the national average.
(3)……
Research has shown that it may be anxiety that is driving predictions such as these.
In a drive to suppress their fears, people unconsciously select facts that support the
outcome they want. Our brains may actually be hard-wired to be unrealistically
optimistic: research suggests that people are more able to retrieve facts supporting
a desired outcome from their memories than other equally significant but less
attractive information. To illustrate this kind of thinking, let’s create an imaginary
scenario.
(4)……
Unrealistic optimism is also generated when people fail to consider others who
may have an impact on the outcome they are seeking. For example, someone who
is trying to find employment will do everything in their power to make themselves
an attractive candidate, from having someone create a professional CV for them,
to spending many hours practising their interview techniques. This individual then
assumes that these actions will make them more likely than others to get a job.
(5)……
Sometimes, we do close to the opposite and assign too much importance to what
others think. This can lead us into making assumptions about other people’s
opinions based on little or no evidence at all. Humans have a natural tendency to
think that most other people share their own beliefs. This is what psychologists
call ‘projection bias’, and there are many examples that can be drawn on from
everyday life.
(6)……
But while there are many potential drawbacks to unrealistic optimism, we must
bear in mind that there may be a positive reason for our natural tendency to
indulge in it. Thinking things are going to turn out well may be a highly effective
way of calming our fears about the unknown and keeping us in a positive state of
mind.

Score __/6
A What the person has failed to take into account, however, is that those in a
similar position to them are very likely to be doing exactly the same things to boost
their chances, too. Very rarely will people in this type of situation allow for this.

B Conversely, the more anxiety someone has about a potential outcome, the less
likely they think it is to happen. For example, prior to the global financial crisis in
2008, many expert economists predicted that there was just a one-in-five chance of
decline in the economy, despite clear warning signs that trouble was coming.

C Despite this, people would make better predictions if they made more use of
objectivity and awareness. For example, you may decide to live in the shadow of a
volcano because your unrealistic optimism tells you that it surely won’t affect you.

D A factory worker reads two articles about the extent to which automation would
take over factory production and assembly work currently performed by humans.
One article estimates that 55% of such human employment would be gone within
20 years; the other projects that the figure would be closer to 80% in the same
timeframe. Concerned about their own position, the worker would be far more
likely to base their guess on the former, if later asked to provide their own estimate.

E For example, studies done in the weeks leading up to several US presidential

elections identified that that loyal supporters of the two main candidates thought
that their preferred contender would definitely win. This does not sound unusual,
perhaps, until the margin supporters thought their candidate would win by was
taken into account

F One such instance might be an individual’s prediction about an election. Because

the person concerned supposes that others around them have similar political
opinions to their own, they will think their chosen candidate is actually more
popular than they really are.

G What they were saying, in effect, is that ‘there is a possibility of these things
happening to me, but it’s far more probable that they will happen in someone else’s
life’. Once again, people’s predictions failed to take into account any objective
evidence or factors which might increase the risk, such as existing marital
difficulties or being vastly overweight.
Find a word in the text that has a similar meaning

1. Exceptionally (Paragraph 1) - ____________

2. Unwanted (Paragraph 3) - ____________

3. Result (Paragraph 4) - ____________

4. Work (Paragraph 5) - ____________

5. Inconveniences (Paragrpah 7) - ____________

Score __/5