10/13/23, 11:35 AM DSBSC Demodulators

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The process of extracting an original message signal from DSBSC wave is

known as detection or demodulation of DSBSC. The following demodulators
(detectors) are used for demodulating DSBSC wave.

Coherent Detector
Costas Loop

Coherent Detector
Here, the same carrier signal (which is used for generating DSBSC signal) is
used to detect the message signal. Hence, this process of detection is called
as coherent or synchronous detection. Following is the block diagram of
the coherent detector.

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10/13/23, 11:35 AM DSBSC Demodulators

In this process, the message signal can be extracted from DSBSC wave by
multiplying it with a carrier, having the same frequency and the phase of the
carrier used in DSBSC modulation. The resulting signal is then passed
through a Low Pass Filter. Output of this filter is the desired message signal.

Let the DSBSC wave be

s (t) = Ac cos(2πfc t)m (t)

The output of the local oscillator is

c (t) = Ac cos(2πfc t + ϕ)

Where, ϕ is the phase difference between the local oscillator signal and the
carrier signal, which is used for DSBSC modulation.

From the figure, we can write the output of product modulator as

v (t) = s (t) c (t)

Substitute, s (t) and c (t) values in the above equation.

⇒ v (t) = Ac cos(2πfc t)m (t) Ac cos(2πfc t + ϕ)

2
= Ac cos(2πfc t) cos(2πfc t + ϕ)m (t)

2
Ac
= [cos(4πfc t + ϕ) + cos ϕ] m (t)
2

2 2
Ac Ac
v (t) = cos ϕm (t) + cos(4πfc t + ϕ)m (t)
2 2

In the above equation, the first term is the scaled version of the message
signal. It can be extracted by passing the above signal through a low pass

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filter.

Therefore, the output of low pass filter is

2
Ac
v0 t = cos ϕm (t)
2

The demodulated signal amplitude will be maximum, when ϕ = 0 . That’s

0

why the local oscillator signal and the carrier signal should be in phase, i.e.,
there should not be any phase difference between these two signals.

The demodulated signal amplitude will be zero, when . This effect

0
ϕ = ±90

is called as quadrature null effect.

Costas Loop
Costas loop is used to make both the carrier signal (used for DSBSC
modulation) and the locally generated signal in phase. Following is the block
diagram of Costas loop.

Costas loop consists of two product modulators with common input s (t),
which is DSBSC wave. The other input for both product modulators is taken
from Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) with phase shift to one of
0
−90

the product modulator as shown in figure.

We know that the equation of DSBSC wave is

s (t) = Ac cos(2πfc t)m (t)

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10/13/23, 11:35 AM DSBSC Demodulators

Let the output of VCO be

c 1 (t) = cos(2πfc t + ϕ)

This output of VCO is applied as the carrier input of the upper product
modulator.

Hence, the output of the upper product modulator is

v1 (t) = s (t) c 1 (t)

Substitute, s (t) and c 1 (t) values in the above equation.

⇒ v1 (t) = Ac cos(2πfc t)m (t) cos(2πfc t + ϕ)

After simplifying, we will get v1 (t) as

Ac Ac
v1 (t) = cos ϕm (t) + cos(4πfc t + ϕ)m (t)
2 2

This signal is applied as an input of the upper low pass filter. The output of
this low pass filter is

Ac
v01 (t) = cos ϕm (t)
2

Therefore, the output of this low pass filter is the scaled version of the
modulating signal.

The output of phase shifter is

0
−90

0
c 2 (t) = cos (2πfc t + ϕ − 90 ) = sin(2πfc t + ϕ)

This signal is applied as the carrier input of the lower product modulator.

The output of the lower product modulator is

v2 (t) = s (t) c 2 (t)

Substitute, s (t) and c 2 (t) values in the above equation.

⇒ v2 (t) = Ac cos(2πfc t)m (t) sin(2πfc t + ϕ)

After simplifying, we will get v2 (t) as

Ac Ac
v2 (t) = sin ϕm (t) + sin(4πfc t + ϕ)m (t)
2 2

This signal is applied as an input of the lower low pass filter. The output of
this low pass filter is

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Ac
v02 (t) = sin ϕm (t)
2

The output of this Low pass filter has phase difference with the output
0
−90

of the upper low pass filter.

The outputs of these two low pass filters are applied as inputs of the phase
discriminator. Based on the phase difference between these two signals, the
phase discriminator produces a DC control signal.

This signal is applied as an input of VCO to correct the phase error in VCO
output. Therefore, the carrier signal (used for DSBSC modulation) and the
locally generated signal (VCO output) are in phase.

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