OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS FROM ETO- COC EXAM

SEP-OCT 2016
1. When a megohmmeter is used to test insulation, what condition causes the gradual rise of the
pointer reading as a result of continued cranking?

(a) the leakage of current along the surface of dirty insulation

(b) the dielectric-absorption effect of the insulation
(c) good conductor resistance
(d) the inductive reactance of the windings

2. Program scan time generally depends on the amount of memory taken by the control program and
type of instructions used in the program.the time to make a single scan can vary from-----------

Ans. 1 ms to 100 ms

3. A diesel generator (DG) is supplying both KW and KVAR to an electrical bus that is connected to
an infinite power grid. Assuming bus voltage does not change, if the DG voltage regulator setpoint is
decreased slightly, DG KW will __________; and DG amps will __________.

A. remain the same; decrease B. remain the same; remain the same
C. decrease; decrease D. decrease; remain the same

4. The insulation resistance of high voltage circuit breaker is

(A) 1k Ohm (B) 10 k Ohm (C) 20 Mega ohms (D) 2000 Mega ohm.
5. An insulation resistance reading taken at 20 degree C and found to be 10 megohms, what would be
its reading at 40 degree C?

Anc 2.5 megohms

* A general rule of thumb is that the insulation resistance decreases by a factor of 2 for every 10
degree rise in temperature.

6. A control system in which the control action is somehow dependent on the output is known as

(a) Closed loop system (b) Semiclosed loop system

(c) Open system (d) None of the above

7. In closed loop control system, with positive value of feedback gain the overall gain of the system will

(a) decrease (b) increase (c) be unaffected (d) any of the above
8. Which of the following is an open loop control system ?
(a) Field controlled D.C. motor (b) Ward leonard control
(c) Metadyne (d) Stroboscope

9. Which of the following statements is not necessarily correct for open control system ?

(a) Input command is the sole factor responsible for providing the control action
(b) Presence of non-linearities causes malfunctioning
(c) Less expensive
(d) Generally free from problems of non-linearities

10. In open loop system

(a) the control action depends on the size of the system (b) the control action depends on system variables
(c) the control action depends on the input signal (d) the control action is independent of the output
11. ------has tendency to oscillate.
(a) Open loop system (b) Closed loop system (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)

12. A good control system has all the following features except
(a) good stability (b) slow response (c) good accuracy (d) sufficient power handling capacity

13. The initial response when tne output is not equal to input is called
(a) Transient response (b) Error response (c) Dynamic response (d) Either of the above

14. A control system working under unknown random actions is called

(a) computer control system (b) digital data system
(c) stochastic control system (d) adaptive control system

15. Any externally introduced signal affecting the controlled output is called a

(a) feedback (b) stimulus (c) signal (d) gain control

AUG 2016

1. Which resistor will be physically larger in size ?

(A)10 ohm, 50 W (B) 100 ohm, 10 W (C) 1 kohm, 1 W (D) 10 Mohm, 1/ 2 W.

2. Maxwells Equation is
(a) Ampere's Law (b) Gauss Law (c) Faraday's Law (d) Coulomb's Law

3. When current flows through heater coil it glows but supply wiring does not glow because
(A) supply wiring is covered with insulation layer (B) current through supply line flows at slower speed.
(C) supply wires arc made of superior material(D) resistance of heater coil is more than that supply wires.
4. The Votage drop across the resisor 3 ohm will be

(a) 18V (b) 12V

(c) 9 V (d) 6V

5. A reverse current relay will prevent AC generator motorisation by________

(a) Automatically Redirecting the load (b) Automatically speeding up prime mover
(c) Tripping the panel board main switch (d) Tripping the generator circuit breaker

6. A synchroscope for synchronisation of alternators hints us about. ________

(a) In phase (b) Frequency (c) Voltage (d) Current
7. A double squirrel cage motor designed to have _______
(a) Low starting torque (b) low Starting current (c) high starting voltage (d) all of the above

8. The condition for the validity under Ohm's law is

(A) Temperature at positive end should be more than the temperature at negative end

(B) Current should be proportional to the size of resistance

(C) Resistance must be wire wound type (D) Resistance must be uniform.
9. In which figure the relationship between voltage V and current I is in accordance with Ohm's law ?

A) Figure A
(B) Figure B

(C) Figure C

(D) Figure D.

10. A fixed resistance R is connected across a DC voltage source. If the voltage is gradually and
uniformly increased, the relationship between voltage and resistance is correctly represented in which
group?

(A) Group A
(B) Group B

(C) Group C

(D) Group D.

11. The phenomenon of corona is generally accompanied by ___________

(A) a bang (B) a hissing sound (C) magnetic hum (D) all of the above.

12. In Van de Graaff generators output voltage is controlled by

(A) controlling the corona source voltage (B) controlling the belt speed
(C) controlling the lower spray point (D) any of the above.
13. switching surge is a ______
short duration of transient voltage
14. In an alternator, voltage drops occurs in
(A) armature resistance only (B) armature resistance and leakage reactance

(C) armature resistance, leakage reactance and armature reaction

(D) armature resistance, leakage reactance, armature reaction and earth connections.

15. In a current sinking DC input module _____________.

a) The current flows out of the input field device
b) Requires that a AC sources be used with mechanical switches
c) The current flows out of the input module d) Currents can flow in either direction at the input module
16) AC output field devices can interface to _______________.
a) AC output modules b) Relay output modules c) Both a and b d) Neither a or b

JUN- 2016
1 . An over -excited AC generator will produce a lagging pf current from that Generator.
(a) True (b) False.
2. Two alternators are running in parallel. If the field of one of the alternator is adjusted, it will
(a) Reduce its speed (b) Change its load
(c) Change its power factor (d) Change its frequency.
3. The division of kilowatt load between two paralleled alternators is determined by the
(a) Amount of field excitation to the leading machine (b) Load -speed characteristics of the governors
(c) Amount of field excitation to the lagging machine. (d) Number of field poles per alternator
4. In squirrel cage induction motors, the rotor slots are usually given slight skew (overlapping) order to
(a) Reduce windage losses. (b) Reduce eddy currents.
(c) Reduce accumulation of dirt and dust. (d) Reduce magnetic hum.
5. SF6 gas
(a) Is yellow in color (b) Has pungent odor (c) Is highly toxic (d) Is non -inflammable.
6. Sparking occurs when a load is switched off because the circuit has
(a) high inductance (b) high capacitance (c) high resistance
7. HRC fuses are
(a) High resistance and Capacitance fuses (b) Heat reflecting cool fuses
(c) Holding and Resisting current fuses (d) High rupturing capacity fuses.

8. You have a hot plate(with negligible inductance) at your ship, the rating will be 440 volts, 3 kw, 60
hz if the same hot plate connected to shore supply in dry dock with 440 volt and 50 hz then the rate of
change of heat will be,
(a) decrease . (b) increase (c) same (d) none of the above
9. In star delta kind of starter with 3 nos. power contactors changing over from star to delta state
is a closed state of transition:
(a) true (b) false.
10. Which of the substances listed should be applied to battery terminals to help prevent corrosion?
(a) inc chromate (b) Naval jelly (c) Lead peroxide (d) Petroleum jelly
11. When a megohmmeter is used to test insulation, the gradual rise of the pointer reading as a result
of continued cranking, is caused by
(a) Good conductor resistance (b) The leakage of current along the surface of dirty insulation
(c) The inductive reactance of the windings (d) The dielectric -absorption effect of the insulation
12. The program scan time generally depends on the amount of memory taken by the control program
and type of instructions used in the program. The time to make a single scan can vary from
(a) 1 pis to 1001.ts (b) 1 ms to 100 ms (c) 1 sec to 100 sec (d) 1ms to 1000ms
13. Which resistor will be physically larger in size ?
(A)10 ohm, 50 W (B) 100 ohm, 10 W (C) 1 kohm, 1 W (D) 10 Mohm, 1/ 2 W.

14. Maxwells Equation is

(a) Ampere's Law (b) Gauss Law (c) Faraday's Law (d) Coulomb's Law
15. When current flows through heater coil it glows but supply wiring does not glow because
(A) supply wiring is covered with insulation layer (B) current through supply line flows at slower speed.
(C) supply wires arc made of superior material(D) resistance of heater coil is more than that supply wires.
16. A reverse current relay will prevent AC generator motorisation by________
(a) Automatically Redirecting the load (b) Automatically speeding up prime mover
(c) Tripping the panel board main switch (d) Tripping the generator circuit breaker

JULY 2016
1. If a step function is applied to the input of a system and the output remains below a certain level
for all the time, the system is
(a) not necessarily stable (b) stable (c) unstable (d) always unstable (e) any of the above
2. Addition of zeros in transfer function causes which of the following ?
(a) Lead-compensation (b) Lag-compensation (c) Lead-lag compensation (d) none of the above
3. In order to increase the damping of a badly underdamped system which of following compensators
may be used ?
(a) Phase-lead (b) Phase-lag (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Either (a) and (b) (e) None of the above
4. The phase lag produced by transportation relays
(a) is independent of frequency (b) is inverseh'proportional to frequency
(c) increases linearly with frequency (d) decreases linearly with frequency
5. In a stable control system saturation can cause which of the following ?
(a) Low-level oscillations (b) High-level oscillations
(c) Conditional stability (d) Overdamping
6. Which of the following is the definition of proportional band of a controller ?
(a) The range of air output as measured variable varies from maximum to minimum
(b) The range of measured variables from set value
(c) The range of measured variables through which the air output changes from maximum to
minimum
(d) Any of the above (e) None of the above
7. In pneumatic control systems the control valve used as final control element converts
(a) pressure signal to electric signal (b) pressure signal to position change
(c) electric signal to pressure signal (d) position change to pressure signal
(e) none of the above
8. Which of the following is the output of a thermocouple ?
(a) Alternating current (b) Direct current (c) A.C. voltage (d) D.C. voltage (e) None of the above
9. A.C. servomotor is basically a
(a) universal motor (b) single phase induction motor (c) Two phase induction motor
(d) Three phase induction motor
10. Eddy current drive can be a retrofit for ________.
a) constant speed system requirement b) variable speed system requirement
c) dual speed system requirement only d) none of the above
11. Electronic variable frequency drive (VFD) connected to motors:
a) provide variable speed with high efficiency
b) induces eddy-current in the secondary member of the clutch mechanism
c) is not suitable for variable torque load d) does not provide variable speed and has low-efficiency
12. The basic functions of electronic ballast excludes one of the following:
a) to ignite the lamp b) to stabilize the gas discharge
c) to reduce lumen output of the lamp d) to supply power to the lamp
13. The characteristic of conventional ballast in lighting application is one among the following:
a) They have low operational losses than electronic ballasts.
b) They have tuned circuit to deliver power at 25 Hz c) They do not require a mechanical switch (starter)
d) They have high operational losses and high temperature rise
14. Electronic soft starters are used for motors to:
a) achieve variable speed b) provide smooth start and stop
c) improve the loading c) none of the above
15. The primary and secondary windings of a transformer are
(a) conductively linked. (b) inductively linked. (c) electrically linked. (d) mechanically linked.

16. A salient pole synchronous motor is running at no load, its field current is switched off. The motor
will
(a) come to stop (b) continue to run at synchronous speed.
(c) continue to run at a speed slightly more than the synchronous speed.
(d) continue to run at a speed slightly less than the synchronous speed.

Old Paper -2015

1. Freezing point of electrolyte in a fully charged lead acid battery will be __________

Ans: Lower than in a discharged battery.

2. What is the maximum allowable primary current of a 2 KVA step-down transformer with a four to
one turns ratio if connected across a 440 volt line?

(a) 1.1 amps (b) 4.5 amps (c) 18.1 amps (d) 27.7 amps

3. NMEA - National Marine Electronic Assossiation

4. Radar determines range by ___________

Ans : 1/2 x C/T

5. Which of the following statements is correct?

a) Ladder logic is a PLC graphical programming technique introduced in the last 10 years.
b) A ladder logic program is hard to analyze because it is totally different when compared with the equivalent
relay logic solution.
c) The number of ladder logic virtual relays and input and output instructions is limited only by
memory size.
d) The number of contacts for a mechanical relay is limited to number of coils on the relay.

6. Which of the following statements about RLL is NOT true?

a) NO contact symbol has two parallel lines to indicate an open contact.
b) RLL stands for Relay Ladder Logic.
c) NC contact symbol has the same two parallel lines with a line across
them to indicate closed contacts.
d) The right power rail is positive or the high side of the source, and the left power rail is the power
return or ground.

7. In a current sinking DC input module _____________.

a) The current flows out of the input field device
b) Requires that a AC sources be used with mechanical switches c) The current flows out of the input module
d) Currents can flow in either direction at the input module
8. For open control system which of the following statements is incorrect ?
(a) Less expensive
(b) Recalibration is not required for maintaining the required quality of the output
(c) Construction is simple and maintenance easy
(d) Errors are caused by disturbances

9. In open loop system

(a) the control action depends on the size of the system
(b) the control action depends on system variables
(c) the control action depends on the input signal
(d) the control action is independent of the output

10. Pressure error can be measured by which of the following ?

(a) Differential bellows and straingauge (b) Selsyn (c) Strain gauge (d) Strain gauge and potentiometer

11. Which of the following statements about a single pole double throw relay is NOT true?
a) It is called an SPDT type of relay. b) It has one common contact. c) It has two positions (NC and NO).
d) It has a center off position.

12. Which of the following statements about a single pole double throw relay is true?
a) Insulators are used in the armature to isolate the electrical switching contacts from the rest of the relay
components.
b) The NC contact and the pole are in contact when the relay is off. c) It has just one coil.
d) All of the above.

13. Which of the following statements about RLL is NOT true?

a) NO contact symbol has two parallel lines to indicate an open contact.
b) RLL stands for Relay Ladder Logic.
c) NC contact symbol has the same two parallel lines with a line across them to indicate closed contacts.
d) The right power rail is positive or the high side of the source, and the left power rail is the power
return or ground.

14. The ______________ is moved toward the relay electromagnet when the relay is on.
a) Armature b) Coil c) NO contact d) NC contact

15. When a relay is NOT energized:

a) There is an electrical path through the NO contacts
b) There is an electrical path through the NC contacts
c) Neither the NO or the NC contacts have an electrical path
d) Both the NO and the NC contacts have an electrical path
16)Which of the following RLL applications is not normally performed in early automation systems?
a) On/off control of field devices
b) Logical control of discrete devices
c) On/off control of motor starters
d) Proportional control of field devices

SOLVED NUMERICALS
Q. 1 A shunt generator has an induced emf of 254 V. When the generator is loaded, the terminal
voltage is 240 V. Neglecting armature reaction, find the load current if the armature resistance is 0.04
ohm and the field circuit resistance is 24 ohms. (Aug 2016)

Ans:
E g = 254 V
V = 240 V
R a = 0.04 Ω , R sh = 24 Ω
Eg=V+IaRa
E g = V + (I L + I sh ) R a
I sh = V / R sh = 240/24 = 10A.
Substituting the values in the above expression,
254 = 240 + (I L + 10) 0.04
Load current (I L) = 340A
Q.2 The shaft output of a three-phase 60- Hz induction motor is 80 KW. The friction and windage
losses are 920 W, the stator core loss is 4300 W and the stator copper loss is 2690 W. The rotor current
and rotor resistance referred to stator are respectively 110 A and 0.15 Ω . If the slip is 3.8%, what is the
percent efficiency? (Aug 2016)
Ans:
P m =output = 80 KW
Windage and Friction losses = 920W
Stator core loss = 4300 W
Stator copper loss = 2690W
Slip = 3.8%
Gross mech output = Pm + windage and friction losses
= 80 KW + 920 W
= 80.92KW
rotor input / rotor gross output = 1/(1–s)
rotor input = rotor gross output / (1–s) = 80.92 KW /(1–0.038) = 84.11 KW
we know that ;
stator input = rotor input + stator core loss + stator cu loss
 = 84.11 KW +4300 W + 2690 W = 91.1 KW
%η = (rotor output / stator input) x 100
= (80/91.1) x 100 KW
= 87.81 %

Q. 3 The power input to a 500 V, 50 Hz, 6 pole 3 phase squirrel cage induction motor running at 975
rpm is 40 KW. The stator losses are 1 KW and the friction and windage losses are 2 KW.
Calculate
(i) Slip
(ii) Rotor copper loss
(iii) Mechanical power developed
(iv) The efficiency.
(Jun 2016)
Ans:
Synchronous speed(N s )= 120 f /P = 120 X 50/6 = 1000RPM
Slip = ω s − ω m = 2 π X 1000 − 2 π X 975 = 25/1000 = 0.025
ωs 2 π X 1000
Power across air gap(P G ) = power input - stator copper loss
Thus P G = 40KW-1KW=39KW
Rotor copper loss= sP G =0.025*39=0.975KW
Gross mechanical output= (1-s)P G =39-0.975=38.025KW
Net mechanical output=Gross mechanical output-friction and winding loss
= (38.025-2.000)KW = 36.025KW
Efficiency = Net Mech output = 36.025 /40 =≈ 90 %
Power input
Note: Assume that the core loss is included in friction and windage loss and the total loss under this head is 2 kW.

Q.4. A 100 KVA, 2400/240 V, 50 Hz, 1-phase transformer has no-load current of 0.64 A and a core loss
of 700 W, when its high voltage side is energized at rated voltage and frequency.
Calculate
(i) the two components of no-load current. If this transformer supplies a load current of 40 amp at 0.8
lagging power factor at its low voltage side,
(ii) determine the primary current and its power factor. Ignore leakage impedance drop.
(Jul 2016)
Ans:
100 KVA, 2400/240 V, 50Hz, 1- Φ
No load: -
I o = 0.64 A , W o = 700W
 Iron loss current = 700/2400 =0.2916 A
Now , I o2 = I w2 + I μ 2
Magnetizing component I μ = ( I o2 – I w2) 1/2 = (0.64 2 – 0.2916 2 ) 1/2 = 0.5697 A
On load :-
I 2 = 40 A
Φ 2 = 0.8 lag

cos Φ o = W o /(V o I o ) = 700/(2400 x 0.64) = 0.455

Φ o = cos –1 0.455 = 62.88 o

Φ 2 = cos –10.8 = 36.86 o

Now, turn ratio K =V 1 /V 2 = 240/ 2400 = 0.1
I21 = K I 2 = 40 x 0.1 = 4 A

Angle between I 0 and I21 = 62.88 o – 36.86 o = 26.02 o

I 0 = 0.64 ∠ –62.88o

I 21 = 4 ∠ –36.86 o
I 1 = I o + I 21 = 0.64 [cos( 62.88) – j sin (62.88) ] + 4[ cos(36.86) – jsin( 36.86) ]
= 4.583
Primery Current(I 1) = 4.583 A
For funding out Primery powerfactor we need Active and reactive components of primery
Active component = I21 cos Φ 2 + Io cos Φ o= 4x 0.8 + 0.64 x 0.455 = 3 .3+ 0.29= 3.59
Reactive Component = I21 sin Φ 2 + Io sin Φ o = 4x 0.6 + 0.64 x 0.89 = 2.4+ 0.57 = 2.97

Φ 1= tan–1(Reactive Component/Active component)= tan–1 (2.97/3.59) = 39.7 o =≈ 40o

cos Φ 1 = cos 40 =0.76 lag

Q 5. A 400V, 4-pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase, 10 hp, star connected induction motor has a no load slip of 1%
and full load slip of 4%. Find the following:

(i) Syn. speed (ii) no-load speed (iii) full-load speed.

(iv) frequency of rotor current at full-load (v) full-load torque.
(Jul 2016)
Ans: Given :
VL = 400 volts ; P = 4 nos, 50 Hz,

P0 = 10 HP = 735.5 x 10 = 7355 watt

(i). Synchronous speed NS = 120 f / p = 120 x 50 / 4 = 1500 rpm

(ii). No load speed at s = 0.01

 N0 = NS ( 1 – s) = 1500 ( 1- 0.01) = 1485 rpm

(iii). Full load speed at sf = 0.04

Nfl = NS (1-sf ) = 1500 ( 1-0.04) = 1440 rpm

(iv). Frequency of rotor current (fr) = sf .f = 0.04 x 50 = 2.0 Hz

(v). Full load torque at shaft

TSh = 9.55 P0 / Nfl = 9.55 x 7355 /1440 = 48.78 Nm

Q.6 A 220 V Shunt Motor takes 5 A at No load. Armature resistance is 0.25 Ohm and Field Resistance
is 200 ohm. Calculate
(i) Efficiency when taking Full Load current of 50A
(ii) % Changes in Speed between No load to Full Load
(2015)
Ans .

No Load I0 = 5 A, Ra = 0.25 ohm

Full Load IL = 50 A, Rf = 200 ohm

Field current Ish = 220/200 = 1.1 A

No Load Ia = 2-1.1=3.9 A
Full load Ia = 50-1.1 = 48.9 A
No Load Power I/P = 220x5 = 1100 W
Full load Power I/P = 220x 50 = 11000W
No Load Armature Loss = Ia 2 Ra = 3.9 x 3.9 0.25 =3.8 W
Constant Loss = N/L Power – N/L Ia 2 Ra loss = 1100-3.8 = 1096.2 W
F/L Armature Cu Loss = Ia 2 Ra = 48.9 x 48.9 x 0.25 = 597.8 W
Total F/L Losses = Constant Loss + F/L Armature Cu Loss = 1096.2 + 597.8 = 1694 W
F/L Power Output = 11000-1694 = 9306W
% Efficiency at 50 A F/L current = (9306/11000) x 100 = 84.6 %
Q 7. A 3 phase Induction Motor which is wound for 4 pole, when running full load develops a useful
torque of 100 Nm ; also rotor emf is observed to make 120 cycles/ min . It is known that the torque lost
on account of friction and core loss is 7 Nm.
Calculate the shaft Power out put, Rotor cu loss, Motor Input and Efficiency.
( SEP & OCT 2016)
Ans:
f2= sf ; 120 / 60 = 2 Hz (where f2 = rotor frequency , s = slip)
s = 2/ 50 =0.04
Ns (synchronous speed) = 1500 rpm
N = (1 – 0.04) x 1500 = 1440 rpm
ω = 2 π X1440 / 60= 150.7 rad/s
Shaft power output = 100 x 150.7 = 15.07 KW.
Mech power (Pm) = (100+7) x 150.7 = 16.12 kW. (Shaft power O/P + Losses)
Rotor copper loss = 3 I22R2 = Pm (s /1-s) = 16.12 X 0.04/ (1- 0.04) = 0.67 kW
Motor input = 16.12 + 0.67 + 0.7 = 17.49 kW. (assume Stator Cu Loss =0.7 KW)
Motor efficiency( η ) = 15.07 / 17.49 = 86.16 %

Q 8. Two DC Shunt Generators are connected in parallel and supply a load of to DC shunt motor
taking a current of 150 A. One generator emf of 250 V and has an armature resistance of 0.2 Ohm
and the other has 255 V with an armature resistance of 0.3 ohm. What is the motor output voltage and
power output of each generator ? (neglect field current)
(2015)
Ans :
I1+I2 = 150 A
I2 = 150- I1 -----( 1)

For Gen 1 , V = E1- I1 Ra1 = 250 – 0.2 I1 -------- (2)

For Gen 2, V= E2- I2 Ra2 = 255- 0.3( 150-I1) = 255-45 + 0.3 I1 = 210 + 0.3 I1 -------- (3)

(3) = (2) => 250 – 0.2 I1 = 210 + 0.3 I1

0.5 I1 = 40
I1 = 40/0.5 = 80 A
Now, I2 = 150- I1 = 150 -80 = 70 A
O/P Voltage of Gen 1 = 250 - 0.2 x 80 = 234 V
O/P Voltage of Gen 2 = 255 - 0.3 x 70 = 234 V
Q 9. The following loads are supplied by two alternator running in parallel
(i) 1400 KW @ 0.86 pf lagging (ii) 900 KW @ 0.8 pf lagging
(iii) 800 KW @ unity pf (iv) 500 KW @ 0.8 pf leading
If the load on one machine is adjusted to 2100KW @ pf of 0.95 Find the load and power factor of the
other alternator?
(BETO)
Q 10. Two alternators are working in parallel supply a lighting load of 3000 KW and motor load
aggregating to 5000 KW at 0.72 pf . One machine loaded upto 5000 KW at 0.8 pf lagging. What is the
load and power factor of the other machne?
(BETO)

Prepared By
Aneesh TD