IOQM 2025

EXERCISE # 1

1. Find the positive real solutions of the equation x + 2 x ++ 2 x + 2 3x = x .

1 1 1
2. Find the sum + +. + .
1+ 2 2+ 3 n + n +1


3. ( ) ( )
Let  be a root of unity. Prove that −1 =  n (1 −  ) 1 − 2  1 − n with the convention that
n =0

the 0th term of the series is 1.

4. Let a n = 3n + n 2 − 1 and bn = 2 ( )
n 2 − n + n 2 + n ,n  1 .

Show that a1 − b1 + a 2 − b2 +. + a 49 − b49 = A + B 2 for some integers A and B .

5. Solve the equation x + 3 − 4 x −1 + x + 8 − 6 x −1 = 1 .

6. Let a, b be real numbers, and f(x) = ax + b satisfies |f(x)|  1 for any x  [0, 1]. Then the
maximum of ab is ........

7. Factorise the expression a(b – c)3 + b(c – a)3 + c(a – b)3.

a −b b−c c−a
8. Prove that if + + = 0 then at least two of the numbers a, b, c are equal. (Try
1 + ab 1 + bc 1 + ca
solving using Trigonometric identities too)

9. Find the value of number 143 + 153 + 163 +. + 243 + 253 .

10. Prove that the number 3

45 + 29 2 + 3 45 − 29 2 is a rational number.

3 3 2001
11. Evaluate + +. + .
1!+ 2!+ 3! 2!+ 3!+ 4! 1999!+ 2000!+ 2001!
1 1 1 1 n ( n + 3)
12. Prove that + + +. + = for all n, where n is a
1 2  3 2  3  4 3  4  5 n ( n + 1)( n + 2 ) 4 ( n + 1)( n + 2 )
natural number.

13. Prove that for any positive integer number n, n3 + 2n is divisible by 3.

14. Find the square root of −7 − 24 −1 .

m
15. If the value of x for |x – 1| = |x – 2| is of the form , where m and n are co-primes, then find
n
value of m + n.
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 IOQM 2025

16. If one root of a − x + b − x = a + b is 2012, then find the possible values of 'a' and 'b'.

20144 + 4  20134 20124 + 4  20134

17. Calculate the value of − .
20132 + 40272 20132 + 40252

(52 + 6 43)3/2 − (52 − 6 43)3/2

18. Find the value of .
18

x y z x + y + z x ( y + z) + y ( z + x ) + z ( x + y)
19. If = = , prove that = .
b+c−a c+a −b a +b−c a+b+c 2 ( ax + by + cz )

x + 1 + x − 1 4x − 1
20. Solve the equation = .
x + 1 − x −1 2

mx + n
21. Resolve into partial fractions.
( a )( x + b)
x −

22. Find the cube root of 9 3 + 11 2 .

1 1 1
23. Find all positive integers x, y satisfying + = .
x y 20

8x + 27x 7
24. Find all real numbers x for which = .
12x + 18x 6

25. Solve the equation x3 − 3x = x + 2 .

26. Find all real numbers x satisfying the equation 2x + 3x – 4x + 6x – 9x = 1.

27. ( ) ( 2
)
Solve the equation 2 2x − 1 x 2 + 2x − 2 x = 2x +1 − 2 for real numbers x.

a a 2 − 4ab + 4b2
28. Simplify the expression .
a − 2b a ( 2b − a )

7+ 3 7− 3
29. Given x = ,y = , find the value of x4 + y4 + (x + y)4 .
7− 3 7+ 3

x 2 − 4x + 3 + ( x + 1) x 2 − 9
30. Simplify the expression , where x  3 .
x 2 + 4x + 3 + ( x − 1) x 2 − 9

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 IOQM 2025

EXERCISE # 2

1. Prove that 1 + 2 1 + 3 1 + 4 1 +. = 3 .

2. Find all triples (m, n, p) of positive integers such that m + n + p =2002 and the system of
x y y z z x
equations + = m; + = n ; + = p has at least one solution in non-zero real numbers.
y x z y x z

4n + 4n 2 − 1
3. Let a n = ; for n  1. Prove that a1 + a2 + … + a40 is a positive integer.
2n + 1 + 2n − 1

4. How many different integer solutions to the inequality |x| + |y| < 100 are there ?

5. Factorize the expression (x + a)7 – (x7 + a7).

2x − 7 a b
6. Find numbers a, b, c, d for which the equation = + would be an identity.
4x + 16x + 15 x + c x + d
2

7. Solve the equation |x| + |x – 1| + |x – 2| = a where 'a' denotes a given positive number.
If a = 2, x = 1
If 2 < a < 3, x = 3 – a, x = a – 1

If a  3,x =
(3 − a ) ,x = a + 3
3 3

x3 + m3 x3 + n3 x 3 + p3 3( x − m )( x − n )( x − p ) 3
8. Find all real x which satisfy + + + = .
(x + m)3 (x + n)3 (x + p)3 2 ( x + m )( x + n )( x + p ) 2

1 1
9. The number 1, ,. are written on a blackboard. A student chooses any two of the
2 2010
numbers, say x, y erases them and then writes down x + y + xy. He continues to do this until
only one number is left on the blackboard. What is this number?

10. Let x, y and z be complex numbers such that x + y + z = 2, x2 + y2 + z2 = 3, xyz = 4.

1 1 1
Evaluate + + .
xy + z − 1 yz + x − 1 zx + y − 1

11. Find a triple of rational numbers (a, b, c) such that 3 3

2 −1 = 3 a + 3 b + 3 c .

 ( n − 1)! 1
12. Let x be a positive real number. Prove that  ( x + 1).( x + n ) = x .
n =1

13. Prove that n! > 2n for n being a positive integer greater than or equal to 4.

14. Solve: 8x3/2n − 8x −3/2n = 63

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 IOQM 2025

3x 2 + x − 2
15. Find the general term of when expanded in a series of ascending powers of x.
(x − 2)2 (1 − 2x )
7+x
16. Expand in ascending powers of x and find the general term.
(1 + x ) 1 + x 2 ( )
3
17. Find the square root of ( x − 1) + 2x 2 − 7x − 4 .
2

9
18. Suppose a, b are positive real numbers such that a a + b b = 183,a b + b a = 182 . Find (a + b) .
5

19. Find polynomials f(x), g(x) and h(x), if they exist, such that for all x,
 −1 if x  −1

f ( x ) − g ( x ) + h ( x ) =  3x + 2 if −1  x  0
−2x + 2 x 0
 if

20. Let x = a 2 + a + 1 − a 2 − a + 1,a  R . Find all possible values of x.

21. Find all real numbers x for which 10x + 11x + 12x = 13x + 14x.

n
1
22. Evaluate:  ( n − k )!( n + k )! .
k =0

23. What is the coefficient of x2 when (1 + x)(1 + 2x)(1 + 4x) ……(1 + 2nx) is expanded?

2 2
−3 −3
24. If (5 + 2 6)x + (5 − 2 6)x = 10 , then x = ……

c + 2 − c +1 c + 2 − c +1 c − c −1
25. Given that c > 1 and x = ,y = ,z = arrange x, y, z in
c − c −1 c +1 − c c + 2 − c +1
ascending order.

−1 + 3x x −2 + 2− x
26. Let x be a real number, and let A = − . Prove that A is an integer, and
1+ x 2−x
find the unit digit of A2023.

−1
 4 2 1
27. Simplify 3
3  3 − 3 + 3  .
 9 9 9

28. Given that the decimal part of M = ( 13 + 11)6 is P, find the value of M(1 – P).

x 4 − 6x3 − 2x 2 + 18x + 23
29. Find the value of when x = 19 − 8 3 .
x 2 − 8x + 15

1
30. Find the nearest integer of .
17 − 12 2

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