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Ecology Lab 4

The lab report details an experiment conducted to determine water hardness using the EDTA titration method, measuring total, calcium, and magnesium ion concentrations. The results indicated a total hardness of 36 mg/L, calcium hardness of 20.8 mg/L, and magnesium hardness of 15.2 mg/L, classifying the water as soft. The study highlights the importance of understanding water hardness for its implications on water quality and usage.

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Rizwan Ismail
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18 views3 pages

Ecology Lab 4

The lab report details an experiment conducted to determine water hardness using the EDTA titration method, measuring total, calcium, and magnesium ion concentrations. The results indicated a total hardness of 36 mg/L, calcium hardness of 20.8 mg/L, and magnesium hardness of 15.2 mg/L, classifying the water as soft. The study highlights the importance of understanding water hardness for its implications on water quality and usage.

Uploaded by

Rizwan Ismail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Sulaymaniyah

College of science
Department of biology

Practical Ecology

EDTA Determination of Total, Calcium, and Magnesium Water


Hardness

Lab report/4

Group(B2)

Subgroup 1

Prepared by:

Aros Muhammad, Rizwan Ismail, Shayar Saryas,


Sewkan Mahmood, And Kanar Saman
Objective
To determine the hardness of water by measuring the total, calcium, and
magnesium ion concentrations using the EDTA titration method.

Introduction
Water hardness refers to the concentration of multivalent metallic cations, primarily
calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺), in water. It is categorized into two types:
1. Temporary hardness caused by bicarbonates, which can be removed by boiling.
2. Permanent hardness caused by sulfates, chlorides, and nitrates, which cannot be
removed by boiling.

Hard water increases soap consumption, causes scaling in pipes, and can reduce
the utility of water. It is classified as follows:
- 0–75 mg/L: Soft
- 75–150 mg/L: Moderately Hard
- 150–300 mg/L: Hard
- >300 mg/L: Very Hard

Materials
- EDTA solution
- Hard water sample
- pH 10 buffer solution
- Eriochrome Black T indicator
- Murexide indicator
- Sodium hydroxide (1N NaOH)
- Burette, pipette, and flask

Methodology
Total Hardness
1. Dispense 50.00 mL of the hard water sample into a 250 mL flask.
2. Add 1–2 mL of pH 10 buffer solution.
3. Add a pinch of Eriochrome Black T indicator.
4. Titrate the solution with EDTA until the color changes from wine red to blue.

Calcium Hardness
1. Dispense 50.00 mL of the water sample into a 250 mL flask.
2. Add 2 mL of 1N NaOH to maintain a pH of 12.
3. Add a pinch of Murexide indicator.
4. Titrate with EDTA until the color changes from pink to purple.

Magnesium Hardness
Calculate magnesium hardness by subtracting calcium hardness from the total
hardne
Calculations
Using the formula:
Hardness (mg/L as CaCO₃) = (Volume of EDTA (L) × Molarity of EDTA × 1000) ÷
Volume of Sample (L)

Results
- Total Hardness: 36 mg/L as CaCO₃
- Calcium Hardness: 20.8 mg/L as CaCO₃
- Magnesium Hardness: 15.2 mg/L as CaCO₃

Discussion
The experiment successfully determined the water hardness using EDTA titration.
The observed hardness level indicates the water is classified as ___ (e.g., soft,
moderately hard, etc.). The presence of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions directly impacts water
quality for domestic and industrial use.

Conclusion
The EDTA titration method is effective in measuring total, calcium, and magnesium
hardness in water. The results provide insights into the water's quality and its
potential effects on health and infrastructure.

-Our sample that we used in our experiment = 50 ml . -The volume of EDTA for total
hardness calculation that we got = 1.8 ml . -Total hardness = C.D.1000/ml of sample
= 1.8.1.1000/50ml= 36 mg/l as CaCO3 . -Calcium hardnes = 20.8 mg/l as CaCO3 . -
Magnesium hardness= 36 - 20.8 = 15.2 mg/l as CaCO3

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