Unit 5.

Global warming
LANGUAGE
PRONUNCIATION
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined
part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the
following questions.
1. A. chemical B. charcoal C. chain D. chop
2. A. industry B. disposal C. limit D. climate
VOCABULARY
II. Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the following questions.
1. _______ energy is energy that comes from a source that won't run out.
A. Fossil B. Usable C. Flexible D. Renewable
2. In some areas _______ plants are replaced by natural gas in order to reduce
pollution.
A. coal-fired B. electronics C. nuclear D. solar
3. People should have access to _______ services so that they can live in a clean
environment.
A. dust B. energy C. waste D. soil
4. Burning woodland leads to a serious _______ because of the fumes released
from the fire.
A. emission B. reason C. consequence D. greenhouse
5. Gases that trap _______ in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases.
A. heat B. carbon C. fuel D. soot
6. The use of _______ is a threat to wildlife and the surrounding environments.
A. wastes B. fossil fuels C. solar energy D. wind energy
7. Intensive _______ may lead to land damage and ecosystem destruction.
A. fume B. farming C. building D. emission
III. Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in
brackets.
1. Power plants burn fossil fuels to operate; due to this they produce a variety of
different (pollute) ________ .
2. Methane is (emission) ________ during the production and transport of coal,
natural gas, and oil.
3. Many industrial processes emit carbon dioxide through fossil fuel (consume)
________ .
4. (Nature) ________ processes in soil and chemical reactions in the atmosphere
help remove methane from the atmosphere.
5. (Forest) ________ is the clearance of woodland and forest.
6. Cities and towns can make it easier for people to (low) ________ greenhouse gas
emissions by adding bus routes, bike paths, and sidewalks.
7. (Farm) ________ methods such as planting cover crops and crop rotation keep
soils healthy so that they can absorb carbon dioxide effectively.
IV. Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. When trees are cut down, they release the carbon they are storing into the
atmosphere.
A. released B. emitted C. felled D. fallen
2. Because of its short lifetime in the atmosphere, the effects of black carbon are
regionally serious.
A. causes B. impacts C. sequences D.
consequences
V. Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions.
1. Cutting trees adds carbon dioxide to the air.
A. increases B. recycles C. uses up D. removes
2. Burning wood, petroleum products or other organic materials releases soot
particles into the atmosphere that consist mainly of carbon.
A. holds B. traps C. produces D. reuses
GRAMMAR
VI. Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the following questions.
1. Electric cars emit no carbon dioxide if _______ with clean electricity.
A. charges B. charge C. charged D. charging
2. _______ to fight illegal logging, some activists have come up with a way to use
cell phones to monitor for chainsaws.
A. Works B. Work C. Worked D. Working
3. Customers should examine the products and meats they buy, _______ for
sustainably produced sources.
A. looks B. look C. looked D. looking
4. Global warming could melt glaciers and thus _______ rising sea levels, which
would flood low-lying regions.
A. causes B. cause C. caused D. causing
5. Being stuck in traffic _______ gas and unneccessarily creates carbon dioxide.
A. wastes B. waste C. wasted D. wasting
VII. Circle the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. Suffering / Suffered from prolonged periods of high temperature, old people
can have severe health effects.
2. Global warming can result in droughts, worsening / worsened living
conditions.
3. People suffering from heart problems are more vulnerable to increased
temperatures, especially those living / lived in already warm areas.
4. When destroying / destroyed, complex ecosystems have experienced a
degradation or damage in all macroscopic life.
5. Clearing / Cleared to make way for palm oil plantations, many forests witness
a serious deforestation in a vast area.
VIII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that
needs correction in each of the following questions.
1. Hot temperatures increase the ozone concentration, damaging people's lung
tissue and cause
A B C
complications for asthma patients and those with lung diseases.
D
2. Increased global warming can also pose a threat to national security, affected
food security, which,
A B
in turn, can lead to resource conflicts.
C D
3. Trees also absorb carbon dioxide, mitigating the emission of greenhouse gases
producing by human
A B C D
activity.
4. Degradation referinq to chronic human impacts resulting in the loss of
biodiversity and the
A B
disruption of an ecosystem's structure, composition, and functionality.
C D
5. Ecosystems are dynamic communities of plants, animals, and microorganisms
interact with their
A B C
physical environment as a functional unit.
D

SKILLS
READING
I. Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to choose
the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks below.
Changes in the world's climate will (1) ________ major shifts in food production. In
some places, temperatures will rise and rainfall will increase; in others, rainfall
will decrease. (2) ________ , coastal flooding will reduce the amount of land
available for agriculture.
In general, food crops are sensitive to climate change. Such change, which affects
soil temperature and moisture levels, also (3) ________ the vitality of both
beneficial organisms and pests.
Agricultural production will be affected by the severity and pace of climate
change. If change is gradual, there will be time for political and social institutions
to adjust. Slow change also may enable natural biota to adapt. However, even a
minor change (for example, one-tenth of a degree per decade) could (4) ________
significant changes in the frequency of climate extremes, including heat waves,
floods, and droughts.
Rapid climate change could (5) ________ agriculture, forestry, and biodiversity
worldwide. Compounding this problem is the fact that some societies lack the
capacity to adapt to these changes on their own.
(Source: http://www. ciesin.org)
1. A. stem from B. result from C. result in D. lead
2. A. However B. Therefore C. Thus D. Moreover
3. A. controls B. is C. lacks D. enables
4. A. be B. lead to C. stem from D. have
5. A. threaten B. lead to C. be D. have

II. Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to

indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Scientists from the University of Hanover in Germany say the warming of the
Earth's atmosphere has begun to affect plant and animal life around the world.
They say global warming is affecting endangered species, sea life and the change
in seasonal activities of organisms. Studies show that the Earth's climate has
warmed by about six-tenths of one degree Celsius during the past one-hundred
years. Most of the increase has taken place in the last thirty years.
The German scientists studied different animal and plant populations around
the world in the past thirty years. They say some species will disappear because
they cannot move to new areas when their home climate gets too warm.
The scientists say one of the biggest signs of climate change has been the
worldwide reduction in coral reefs. Rising temperatures in the world's warm
ocean waters have caused coral to lose color and die.
In the coldest areas of the world, winter freezing periods are now happening
later and ending earlier. Researchers say these changes are having severe
effects on animals such as penguins, seals and polar bears.
Changes in temperature and wetness in the air can also affect the
reproduction of some reptiles and amphibians. For example, the sex of baby
painted turtles is linked to the average temperature in July. Scientists say even
small temperature increases can threaten the production of male turtles.
(Source: https://www.manythings.org)
1. Which best serves as the title for the passage?
A. Rising temperatures
B. Effects of Global Warming
C. A study from University of Hanover
D. Changes in temperature
2. The word organism can be best replaced by _______.
A. plant B. body C. animal D. creature
3. Which of the followings is an example of an amphibian?
A. frog B. snake C. dog D. duck
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of global warming?
A. The temperature has risen by 0.6 degree Celsius.
B. Some plants and animals have become extinct.
C. Frosty winter lasts longer.
D. Some reptiles suffer from a reduction in number.
5. According to the passage, which of the following statements about painted
turtles is true?
A. Changes in temperature alter their reproduction habit.
B. They increase in number during July.
C. Temperature changes alter the sex ratios of this population.
D. The male turtles outweigh the number of the female.
III. Read the following passage and decide who each of the statements
refers to by putting a tick () in the correct box.
Last week, the United Nations released a report that warned global warming
will get worse in the coming years. The report served as a notice for governments
around the world to act. But many people are asking what they can do as
individuals to make a difference.
Pim Nusselder is part of a Dutch group that asks people to make good choices
every day when it comes to using energy, creating waste and buying things.
Nusselder said people might think their individual choices would be like a single
drop of water on a boiling surface. But, Nusselder explained, if 17 million people
do 10 good things, it would be like 170 million drops of water on the hot
surface.'That's how you extinguish wildfires', Nusselder said.
Lukas Janssens is one person working to help keep the planet cooler. He is an
urban shepherd in Belgium, who takes care of sheep. Janssens said he wanted his
sheep to be useful. So, he takes his group of 270 sheep to a cemetery - a place
where dead people are buried. The sheep eat grass so that workers at the
cemetery do not have to use machines to cut it.
 Benjamin Clarysse is a bio-engineer who works with a number of
environmental groups in northern Belgium. He warns, political leaders still need
to promise changes. They cannot just depend on citizens doing their part.'They
cannot just say that everyone should just do a little bit of the work', Clarysse
said.'Depending on just the goodwill of people won't get you there'.
(Source:https://www.51voa.com)
Nussel Jansse Clarys
der ns se
1. He says governments should do something
rather than relying on individuals.
2. He helps reduce global warming by using less
resources.
3. He urges people to contribute their small part in
protecting the environment by doing trivial things.
4. He says each individual should do good things
to the environment.
5. He says that everyone should just do a little bit
of the work, which means different to the
environment.

SPEAKING
IV. Circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the option that best
completes each of the following exchanges.
1. May: Do you believe in climate change? _______
Daisy: You really don't think climate change is happening, do you? Daily news
mentions sea levels are going to rise by a few meters over the next fifty years
or so. Extreme weather happens all over the world. I think evidence is all
around us.
A. If so, why do you think it is happening?
B. What do you mean?
C. What do you do to slow down climate change?
D. What are the causes of climate change?
2. Alex: Do you think humans should change lifestyle to save our planet and
prevent climate change? What should we do?
Nam: _______
A. There are several problems worldwide caused by human influence.
B. Weather conditions are getting worse all over the world.
C. We have no idea what was happening.
 D. We have to start looking seriously at alternative energy sources such as
solar and wind.
V. Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best
completes each of the following exchanges.
Minh: (1) ________ Can you explain it to me?
Alex: Well, it is believed that climate change is mainly caused by an excess of
greenhouse gases, like methane, or carbon dioxide.
Minh: I see. (2) ________
Alex: Droughts, strong storms, and the loss of ecosystems, for example.
Minh: Can climate change be stopped? (3) ________ ?
Alex: Well, using less energy, taking public transportation often and eating meat
less are all easy ways to fight climate change.
1.
A. What is climate change?
C. Why should we be concerned of climate change?
B. What causes climate change?
D. What dangers are threatening our lives and our planet?
2.
A. What's a carbon footprint?
B. What should governments do to stop it?
C. What do you do to help prevent climate change?
D. What about the consequences of climate change, then?
3.
A. What is the primary reason? C. What should be done?
B. How about the results? D. Is it the same as global warming?

WRITING
VI. Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest
in meaning to each of the following questions.
1. Deforestation increases greenhouse gas emissions and increases soil erosion.
A. While deforestation increases greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion
increases.
B. Deforestation increases greenhouse gas emissions, which increases soil
erosion.
C. Deforestation increases not only greenhouse gas emissions but also soil
erosion.
D. Greenhouse gas emissions are released because of deforestation and soil
erosion.
2. Due to the release of CFCs (known as refrigerants) in the environment, the
ozone layer is getting depleted at higher levels of the atmosphere.
 A. The CFCs are released into the ozone layer.
B. When the CFCs are released in the environment, they are depleted.
C. The ozone layer is getting depleted at higher levels of the atmosphere, so
the CFCs are released in the environment.
D. The ozone layer is getting depleted at higher levels of the atmosphere
because of the CFCs released in the environment.
3. If our atmosphere air gets polluted by mixing with smoke or any harmful gases
which are injurious to our health, then it is a type of air pollutants.
A. Air pollutants are caused when the atmosphere air gets polluted by mixing
with harmful smoke and gases.
B. Mixing with smoke or any harmful gases is injurious to our health.
C. If our atmosphere air gets polluted, a mixture of smoke and harmful gases is
injurious to our health.
D. A type of air pollutants disappears if our atmosphere air gets polluted.
4. Pollution is the presence in the environment of a substance which has harmful
or poisonous effects.
A. Pollution is the depletion of a substance from the environment, which has
harmful or poisonous effects.
B. When a substance with harmful or poisonous effects is introduced in the
environment, pollution happens.
C. Pollution is the introduction of a substance, resulting from harmful or
poisonous effects.
D. Harmful or poisonous effects create the presence of pollution in the
environment.
5. A pollutant is a substance introduced into the environment, which has
undesired effects or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource.
A. A pollutant is a substance with desired effects, which impacts the usefulness
of a resource.
B. Introduced into the environment, a pollutant has undesired effects or
adversely affects the usefulness of a resource.
C. The environment has undesired effects or adversely affects the usefulness of
a resource.
D. Since a pollutant is a substance introduced into the environment, it has
undesired effects or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource.
6. Air pollution is the result of emissions from industries, automobiles, and the
increasing use of fossil fuels.
A. Air pollution results from emissions from industries, automobiles, and the
increasing use of fossil fuels.
B. Air pollution results in emissions from industries, automobiles, and the
increasing use of fossil fuels.
 C. Emissions from industries, automobiles, and the increasing use of fossil fuels
are the results of air pollution.
D. Due to air pollution emissions from industries, automobiles, and the
increasing use of fossil fuels happen.
7. Most of the environmental issues including pollution, waste management,
deforestation, climate change and global warming are all associated with
overpopulation.
A. Although most of the environmental issues are pollution, waste
management, deforestation, climate change and global warming, they are all
lead to overpopulation.
B. Most of the environmental issues are all associated with pollution, waste
management, deforestation, climate change and global warming.
C. Most of the environmental issues include pollution, waste management,
deforestation, climate change and global warming, but they are all associated
with overpopulation.
D. Associated with overpopulation, most of the environmental issues including
pollution, waste management, deforestation, climate change and global
warming appear.