Module -1

S8-EEE-ESDE
 Two important aspects of electrical systems
design are:
• To assure proper functioning of the
installation for the use intended by the
designer
• To provide safety to persons, livestock and
property against dangers and damages that
may arise in the use of electrical installations.

2
Role of Acts in Electrical system Design

Act: A legal document confiding the result of

deliberations of a committee, society or legislative body
Statutes: An Act passed by a legislative body
Rule: In context to an act, rules define the guidelines that
must be followed for the successful implementation of
the act.
An act is an official copy of a statute or regulation that is
initially presented in the form of a bill and after being
verified it is passed in the process of a legislature.
 IS codes ( Indian Standard Codes)

• Standardization in the field of electrical power

generation, transmission, distribution and utilization
equipment; and insulating materials, winding wires,
measuring and process control instruments and
primary and secondary batteries.
• Bureau of Indian Standards is the National Standards
body of India, established by BIS act 1986
• BIS represents India in ISO, IEC etc
• BIS mark (ISI mark) is mandatory for certifying
products to be sold in India like electrical appliances,
switches, electric motors, cables etc
 IS codes
IS 732: Code of Practice for Electrical Wiring
Installations
IS 3043:Code of practice for earthing
IS 2026: Power Transformers
IS 3646: Code of practice for interior
illumination
IS 5216: Guide for safety procedures in
electrical work
 IS 732
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ELECTRICAL WIRING INSTALLATIONS

• This code applies to the design, selection, erection and inspection and
testing of wiring installations whether permanent or temporary, in and
about buildings,
• It relates generally to all wiring installations in non-industrial and
industrial locations
• Installations utilizing the following nominal voltage ranges are dealt with
in this code:
a)Voltages normally not exceeding 50 V ac or 120 V dc whether
between conductors or to earth.
b)Voltages normally exceeding extra-low voltage but not exceeding
1000VAC or 1500V DC between conductors or 600VAC or 900V
DC between conductors and earth
IS 732 is applicable to the following
• Voltages normally not exceeding 50 V ac or 120 V dc
whether between conductors or to earth.
• voltages normally exceeding extra-low voltage but not
exceeding 1000 V ac or 1500 V dc between conductors or
600 V ac or 900 V dc between conductors and earth

This code is not applicable to the following :

• Systems for distribution of energy to the public, or to
power generation and transmission for such systems
• Wiring installations in special locations such as mines or
other areas where potentially explosive atmosphere exists.
• Lightning conductors, telecommunications and alarm
systems
• Traction installations, motor vehicles, installations on board
ships, aircraft or offshore installations.
 IS 732-Contents
It is divided into following 5 sections
S1. TERMINOLOGY
o Explains all terminologies used in the standard
S2. ASSESSMENT OF GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INSTALLATIONS
o Assessment of general characteristics like purpose of wiring, supply available, maintainability
etc
o Assesses external influences like environmental factors ,construction of building etc, that
affects the installation
S3. REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION FOR SAFETY
o Requirements for Protection against electric shock
o Protection Against Thermal Effects in Normal Service
o Protection Against Overcurrent, Over voltage, Under voltage
o Precautions against earth leakage and earth fault currents
o Protection against switching and isolation for maintenance
S4. DESIGN OF INSTALLATION, SELECTION AND ERECTION OF
EQUIPMENT
o Fundamental Requirements for Design
o Fundamental Requirements for Selection of Electrical Equipment
o Fundamental Requirements for Erection and Initial Testing of Electrical Installations
S5. INSPECTION AND TESTING
o Guidelines for inspection and testing
 IS 3043 – 1987
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR EARTHING
• Earthing system shall be provided for:
• Equipment earthing for personal safety
• System neutral earthing
• Static earthing
• Protection against lightning
• Earthing conductor shall be of adequately sized to carry the maximum earth
fault current
• Earth resistance shall be less than 1 ohm.
• The number and depth to which the electrodes are driven depend upon soil
conditions and soil electrical resistivity levels.
• All medium voltage equipment shall be earthed by two separate and
distinct connections with earth.
• Lighting fixtures, receptacles. switches, conduits and junction boxes shall
be properly earthed using 12 SVVG GI wire run along the entire length of
the conduit
 IS 3043-Continued
It is divided into 11 sections

S1 GENERAL GUIDELINES
Covers terminologies used, influencing factors, system earthing, equipment earthing etc
S2 CONNECTIONS TO EARTH
Covers details of earth resistance, current density, earthing arrangements, typical schematics etc
S3 EARTH FAULT PROTECTION ON CONSUMER'S PREMISES
S4 POWER STATIONS, SUBSTATIONS AND OVERHEAD LINES
S5 INDUSTRIAL PREMISES
S6 STANDBY AND OTHER PRIVATE GENERATING PLANTS
S7 MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENT
S8 STATIC AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION EARTHING
S9 MISCELLANEOUS INSTALLATIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS
Earthing of potentially hazardous areas, telecommunication circuits, mines and quarries, maintenance of earth electrodes etc
S10 MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS
Covers calculation of earth fault current, earth resistivity, earth electrode resistance etc
S11 DATA PROCESSING INSTALLATIONS
Earthing requirements for installations of data processing equipment
 IS2026 - 2011
Power Transformers
SCOPE
• Installation, erection and operation of Power transformers (including
autotransformers) with the exception of certain categories of small and special
transformers such as;
a) single-phase transformers with rated power less than 1 kVA and three-phase
transformers less than 5 kVA like
– instrument transformers;
– transformers for static convertors;
– traction transformers mounted on rolling stock;
– starting transformers;
– testing transformers; and
– welding transformers
• Where Indian Standards do not exist for such categories of transformers, this
part of IS 2026 may still be applicable either as a whole or in part
 IS2026 Cont..
Part 1 General
Part 2 Temperature-rise
Part 3 Insulation levels and dielectric tests
Part 4 Terminal markings, tappings and connections
Part 5 Ability to withstand short circuit
Part 7 Loading guide for oil-immersed power
transformers
Part 8 Application guide
Part 10 Determination of sound levels
 IS2026 Cont..
Sections of Part-1
1. Scope
2. References
3. Definitions
4. Rating
5. Requirements for transformers having a tapped winding
6. Connection and phase displacement symbols for three-phase
transformers
7. Rating Plates
8. Miscellaneous requirements
9. Tolerances
10. Tests for Power Transformers
11. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
 IS 3646 - 1992
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR INTERIOR ILLUMINATION

• Purpose of lighting is to make the task easy to see and to

create a good visual environment.
• Lighting is good only when it is suitable in both quality and
quantity for two purposes; for creating good environmental
brightness
• This standard applies to the artificial lighting of interiors; it
applies also, where appropriate to the artificial lighting of
areas in the open air, where these areas are used for the same
purposes as the corresponding interior premises.
• The lighting of working interiors, such as factories, workshops,
offices, commercial premises, public buildings, hospitals and
schools,
 IS 3646 Cont..

• Part 1 - General requirements and recommendations for

working interiors
• Part 2 Method of calculation of the glare indices for
interiors

• Part 3 Recommendations for lighting in industries

• Part 4 Recommendations for lighting in offices
• Part 5 Recommendations for lighting in hospitals
• Part 6 Recommendations for lighting in libraries
• Part 7 Recommendations for lighting in educational
institutions
• Part 8 Emergency lighting
 IS 3646 Part 1
General requirements and recommendations for working interiors

• Contents
1. Scope
2. Terminology
3. Functions of Lighting
4. Lighting Requirements
5. Recommended Illumination (Min - Average - Max)
6. Lighting Systems
7. Lighting Maintenance Schedule and Light Loss
Factor
 IS 3646 Part 2
SCHEDULE FOR VALUES OF ILLUMINATION AND GLARE INDEX

• This schedule gives values of illumination and limiting values of glare index
commensurate with the general standards of lighting described in this code
and related to many occupations and buildings.

• Glare Index -The value of glare index for a particular lighting installation
when computed by the method given in Part I of this standard should not
exceed the limiting value recommended in this schedule

Contents
1. Scope
2. Terminology
3. Schedule for recommended values of illumination and limiting values of
glare index
 IS 5216 – 1982
RECOMMENDATIONS ON SAFETY PROCEDURES AND
PRACTICES IN ELECTRICAL WORK
• General instructions regarding safety
procedures and practices to be followed in all
major electrical installations.
• Special precautions to be taken in mines and
other hazardous areas where explosive or
flammable gases are present.
– Part I General
– Part II Life saving techniques
– Part III Safety posters
– Part IV Special guidance for safety in electrical work in hazardous areas
 IS 5216 – Part 1 General
• Recommendations regarding safety procedures and practices which
should be followed to the extent applicable in all major electrical
installations, such as generating stations, sub-stations, industrial
establishments, transmission and distribution lines, and cable
networks
1. Scope
2. Statutory regulations
3. Permit-to-work system
4. Register of messages
5. Safety instructions for working on low and medium voltage mains
and apparatus
6. Safety instructions for working on high voltage mains and apparatus
7. Workmen’s safety devices and appliances
8. Safety practices
9. Training of employees
 IS5216 (Part1)-Continued
This code is divided into 9 sections

S1 SCOPE
This standard ( Part I ) gives recommendations regarding safety procedures and practices which should be
,
followed to the extent applicable in all major electrical installations, such as generating stations, sub-stations,
industrial establishments, transmission and distribution lines, and cable net works.
S2 STATUARY REGULATIONS
Details of statuary regulations to be followed for electrical installations
S3 PERMIT-TO-WORK SYSTEM
All work on major electrical installations shall be carried out under permit-to-work system unless
standing instructions are issued by the competent authority to follow other procedures.
S4 REGISTER OF MESSAGES
All messages and instructions relating to the operation of switches and other important communications
concerning the work shall be recorded in the register of messages, preferably by an independent person not
directly connected with the work
S5 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORKING ON LOW & MEDIUM VOLTAGE MAINS
AND APPARATUS
S6 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORKING ON HIGH VOLTAGE MAINS AND APPARATUS
 IS5216 (Part1)-Continued

S7 WORKMEN’S SAFETY DEVICES AND APPLIANCES

Rubber gauntlets, gloves, mats, boots and galoshes, insulated platforms and stools, safety belts, hand
lamps, tower wagons and other special insulated devices shall be used, as required, for working on
electrical equipment and apparatus as precaution against accidental electric shock.
S8 FIRES AND FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
In the event of fire on electrical mains or apparatus, the effected parts shall immediately be isolated
completely from its source of supply of electrical energy.
S9 TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES
For maximum effectiveness, a sound safety procedure would include, in addition to the instructions on
the hazards of electricity, thorough training of all employees who work on electrical installations and
equipments.
 IS 5216 – Part 2 Life Saving Techniques
• DO’s and DON’TS instructions to be adhered to in the case of an
accident and details of the life saving techniques in the event of all
accidents to persons, whether minor or major.
• Covers in detail the various alternative methods of inducing artificial
respiration to a victim of electric shock
1. Scope
2. Accidents
3. Treatment of electric shock
4. Artificial respiration
Appendix - DO’s and DON’TS instructions
IS 5216 (Part 2)-Recommendation on safety procedures &
practices in electrical work-Life saving techniques
This code is divided into 4 sections

S1 SCOPE
• This standard (Part II ) covers methods of dealing with electrical
accidents and techniques for saving the life of a person who is
S2 affected.
• ACCIDENTS
• Guidelines regarding DO’s and DON’T’S, First aid, fire fighting,
S3 reporting of accidents etc
• TREATMENT OF ELECTRICSHOCK
• Guidelines for treatment of electric shock and immediate actions
S4 to be performed
• ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
• Explains various methods of artificial respiration in case of
electrocution
 The Electricity act
The electricity supply industry in our country
was governed by 4 major enactments
1. The Indian Electricity act , 1910
2. The Electricity supply act , 1948
3. The Electricity Regulatory Commission Act,
1998
4. The Electricity act -2003
 The Electricity act -2003
It is become necessary to enact new legislation with the
following objectives
1. Introducing new concepts like Power trading (long,
medium and short term power purchase), Open
access (Customer purchasing power from desired
power producer anywhere in India)
2. To prevent the requirement of Each SEBs(State
Electricity Boards) to pass there own act
3. Give SEB to develop there own power sector and
regulations for state level consumers
 The Electricity act -2003
• Promoting conducive measure to development of
electric industry
• Promoting competition among suppliers
• Protecting interest of consumers
• Providing electric supply to all areas
• Providing transparent policies
• Constitution central regulatory authorities
• Establishment appellate tribunals
 Section wise overview of the Act
Part I Introduction

Part III Regulations about generation of electricity in India

Part IV Licensing for Transmission and Distribution of Electricity

through grid
Part V Inter-State transmission of electricity

Part VI Distribution of electricity

Part VII Electricity Tariff

27
 Section wise overview of the Act – Cont..
Part IX Responsibilities of Central Electricity Authority
( CEA)
Part X Responsibilities of Regulatory Commissions –
Central(CERC) and State(SERC) level

Part XI Establishment of Appellate Tribunal for

solving conflicts
Part XII Investigation and Enforcement of Penalty
Part XIV Offences and Penalties for Electricity Theft

28
The Electricity Act 2003
- Distribution of Electricity (Part VI)
- Central Electricity Authority (Part IX)
- Regulatory Commissions (Part IX)
Distribution of Electricity (Part VI)
• Licensing & Regulation
• Distribution companies (DISCOMs) must obtain licenses from state regulatory
commissions (SERCs).
• Open Access
• Facilitates non-discriminatory access to consumers for choosing electricity suppliers.
• Universal Service Obligation
• Ensures electricity access to all, with a focus on rural and underserved areas.
• Tariff Regulations
• Ensures reasonable pricing for consumers and covers cost recovery for DISCOMs.
• Subsidy & Cross-subsidization
• Reduces cross-subsidies and targets subsidies to vulnerable consumers.
Central Electricity Authority (Part IX)
• Advisory & Technical Functions
• Advises the government on policies, planning, and technical standards.
• Planning & Coordination
• Coordinates generation, transmission, and distribution systems for grid stability.
• Safety & Standards
• Formulates standards for safety, reliability, and efficiency of electricity systems.
• Data Collection & Analysis
• Collects and analyzes data related to electricity demand, generation, and
consumption.
• Promoting R&D
• Encourages research and development to advance technology in the power sector.
Regulatory Commissions (Part IX)
• Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC)
• Regulates inter-state electricity transmission, central tariffs, and grid codes.
• Licenses electricity trading.
• State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs)
• Regulates intra-state electricity transmission and distribution.
• Issues licenses for DISCOMs and sets tariffs.
• Key Functions of Commissions
• Tariff Setting: Ensures fair pricing of electricity.
• Licensing: Licenses companies in generation, transmission, and distribution.
• Promoting Competition: Ensures transparency and market fairness.
• Consumer Protection: Resolves consumer grievances and protects rights.
• Adjudication: Settles disputes between stakeholders.
 National Electric Code(NEC)
Need of NEC
1. The design and practices that were following by
various agencies become irrational and the
technology advanced with new products and
process .
2. A rational unified code become necessary . Resulted
in NEC-1985
3. It unifies design execution and maintenance of
electrical installation in the country.
 National Electric Code(NEC)
• Electrical installation codes play an essential role in establishing
effective electrical safety systems.
• Installation rules direct the safe use and application of products
and provide a consistent approach to electrical safety.
• Electrical codes must relate to the product standards used,
certification of products to those standards, and the mechanism
used for enforcement of the rules contained in electrical codes.
• Authorities in many countries realize that as electrical systems
become more complex, using installation codes suitable for
inspection and enforcement are one of the most effective ways to
provide for public safety.
• Electrical installation codes are safety documents. They do not
substitute for good system design, but instead, they do provide the
needed safety rules to which an electrical installation must comply
in order to be safe.
 NEC -2011
1. General and common aspects
2. Electrical installation in stand by generation
stations and substations
3. Non industrial buildings
4. Industrial buildings
5. Outdoor installations
6. Agricultural premises
7. Hazardous areas
8. Solar Photo Voltaic Power supply systems
Graphical
signs and
symbols
as per
NEC
 STANDARD VALUES
Standard Voltages
240V( single phase two wire system
415V( Three phase Line to Line)
3.3KV
6.6KV
11KV
22KV
Low Voltage: Not exceeding 250V
33KV Medium Voltage: Not exceeding 650V
66KV High Voltage: Not exceeding 33000V
Extra High Voltage: Exceeding 33000V
110KV
132KV
220KV
400KV
 STANDARD VALUES
•Standard DC Distribution :220/440V
•Voltage limit for AC system
As per NEC the supply authority are required to maintain
the voltages on the system under normal condition with in the
tolerance specified below
1. 6% in the case of low and medium voltage installation
2. 6% higher side and or 9% on the lower side in the case of
high voltage systems
3. 12.5% in the case of EHV systems
• The standard frequency shall be 50hz
• Tolerance value 3%
 Building services
• Classification of building services
1. Lighting & ventilation
2. Air-Conditioning
3. Lifts & escalators
These are called major building services
because the amount of electricity requirement is
considerably high
 Building services Cont..
• Minor building services ( may depend on the
occupancy) also called as functional /safety
services
• Electric audio system
• Electric call bell system
• Electric Clock system
• Fire alarm system
• Closed circuit TV system
• Cable TV network
• Data networking and intercom
Kerala Electricity Supply Code 2014
• As per Indian Electricity Act, 2003: Section 50.
• The State Commission shall specify an electricity supply
code to provide for recovery of electricity charges,
intervals for billing of electricity charges, disconnection
of supply of electricity for non-payment thereof,
restoration of supply of electricity; measures for
preventing tampering, distress or damage to electrical
plant, or electrical line or meter, entry of distribution
licensee or any person acting on his behalf for
disconnecting supply and removing the meter; entry for
replacing, altering or maintaining electric lines or
electrical plants or meter and such other matters
 Supply Code Cont..
• CHAPTER - 1 PRELIMINARY
• CHAPTER - 2 SYSTEM, SAFETY & STANDARDS OF SUPPLY OF EL
– The distribution licensee should develop, maintain and upgrade the
distribution system in his area of supply
(1) develop and maintain an efficient, coordinated and economical
distribution system
(2) distribution system is upgraded, extended and strengthened to meet the
demand for electricity
3) supply lines and equipment that are under its control in the premises of the
consumer, are in a safe condition and precaution to avoid danger may be taken

Frequency of supply- The licensee shall supply energy at the system frequency
of 50Hz and within the permitted band
 Supply Code Cont..
Voltage levels specification

• (a) Low Tension (LT) supply,-

– (i) Single phase 240 Volts between phase and neutral;
– (ii) Three phase 415 Volts between phases;

• (b) High Tension (HT) supply,-

– (i) Three phase 11,000 Volts (11kV) between phases;
– (ii) Three phase 22,000 volts (22 kV) between phases;
– (iii) Three phase 33,000 Volts (33kV) between phases;

• (c) Extra High Tension (EHT) supply,-

– (i) Three phase 66,000 volts (66 kV) between phases;
– (ii) Three phase 110,000 Volts (110 kV) between phases;
– (iii) Three phase 220,000 Volts (220kV) between phases;
– (iv) Three phase 400,000 Volts (400kV) between phases
Supply Code Cont..
Supply Code Cont..
 Supply Code Cont..
• CHAPTER - 3 GENERAL CONDITIONS OF SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY
• CHAPTER - 4 SECURITY DEPOSIT FOR ELECTRICITY & METER
• CHAPTER - 5 PROCEDURES AND PROCESSES
• CHAPTER – 6 METERING
• CHAPTER - 7 BILLING AND MODE OF PAYMENT
• CHAPTER - 8 DISCONNECTION, DISMANTLING AND
RECONNECTION
• CHAPTER - 9 THEFT, UNAUTHORISED USE AND OTHER
IRREGULARITIES
• CHAPTER – 10 REVIEW AND AMENDEMENT TO THE CODE
• CHAPTER - 11 GENERAL PROVISIONS
End of Module-1