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Grammar in use12

The document explains the usage of 'will' and 'shall' in future tense constructions, emphasizing that 'will' is used for predictions and spontaneous decisions, while 'going to' is used for pre-decided actions. It also highlights the distinction between the two in terms of timing of decisions and provides examples for clarity. Additionally, it notes that 'shall' is primarily used with 'I' and 'we' and is less common in modern English.

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Raquel Moreno R
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4 views2 pages

Grammar in use12

The document explains the usage of 'will' and 'shall' in future tense constructions, emphasizing that 'will' is used for predictions and spontaneous decisions, while 'going to' is used for pre-decided actions. It also highlights the distinction between the two in terms of timing of decisions and provides examples for clarity. Additionally, it notes that 'shall' is primarily used with 'I' and 'we' and is less common in modern English.

Uploaded by

Raquel Moreno R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit

22 will and shall 2


A We do not use will to say what somebody has already arranged or decided to do:
Lisa is working next week. (not Lisa will work)
Are you going to watch TV this evening? (not will you watch)
See Units 19–20.
We use will to say what we know or believe about the future (not what someone has already decided).
For example:
Kate has her driving test next week. Joe believes that Kate will pass
Yes, she’s a good driver.
Chris and Joe are talking about it. the driving test.
She’ll pass easily.
He is predicting the future.
When we predict a future
Do you think happening or situation, we use
Kate will pass? will/won’t.

CHRIS JOE

Some more examples:


They’ve been away a long time. When they return, they’ll find a lot of changes here.
‘Where will you be this time next year?’ ‘I’ll be in Japan.’
That plate is hot. If you touch it, you’ll burn yourself.
Anna looks completely different now. You won’t recognise her.
When will you get your exam results?
Compare:
I think James is going to the party on Friday. (= I think he has already decided to go)
I think James will go to the party on Friday. (= I think he will decide to go)

B We often use will (’ll) with:


probably I’ll probably be home late tonight.
I’m sure Don’t worry about the exam. I’m sure you’ll pass.
I think Do you think Sarah will like the present we bought her?
I don’t think I don’t think the exam will be very difficult.
I wonder I wonder what will happen.
After I hope, we generally use the present:
I hope Kate passes the driving test.
I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

C Generally we use will to talk about the future, but sometimes we use will to talk about now:
Don’t phone Amy now. She’ll be busy. (= she’ll be busy now)

D Normally we use shall only with I and we. You can say:
I shall or I will (I’ll) we shall or we will (we’ll)
I shall be late this evening. (or I will be)
We shall probably go to France in June. (or We will probably go)
In spoken English we normally use I’ll and we’ll:
We’ll probably go to France.
The negative of shall is shall not or shan’t:
I shan’t be here tomorrow. (or I won’t be)
We do not normally use shall with he/she/it/you/they:
She will be very angry. (not She shall be)

will and shall 1 ➜ Unit 21 I will and I’m going to ➜ Unit 23 will be doing and will have done ➜ Unit 24
44 will have to ➜ Unit 31A The future ➜ Appendix 3 American English ➜ Appendix 7
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Unit
23 I will and I’m going to
A Future actions
Compare will and (be) going to:
Sarah is talking to Helen: will (We’ll invite …)

Let’s have a party. That’s a great idea. We use will (We’ll invite …) to announce a
We’ll invite lots of people. new decision. The party is a new idea.

decision
now

We’ll …

SARAH HELEN past now future

Later that day, Helen meets Max: (be) going to (We’re going to invite …)
Sarah and I have decided to have a party. We use (be) going to when we have
We’re going to invite lots of people. already decided to do something.
Helen had already decided to invite lots of
people before she spoke to Max.
decision
before

We’re going to …
HELEN MAX
past now future

Compare:
‘Gary has been trying to contact you.’ ‘Has he? OK, I’ll call him.’
‘Gary has been trying to contact you.’ ‘Yes, I know. I’m going to call him.’
‘Anna is in hospital.’ ‘Really? I didn’t know. I’ll go and visit her.’
‘Anna is in hospital.’ ‘Yes, I know. I’m going to visit her this evening.’

B Future happenings and situations (predicting the future)


We use both will and going to for future happenings and situations. So you can say:
I think the weather will be nice later. or
I think the weather is going to be nice later.
Those shoes are well-made. They’ll last a long time. or
Those shoes are well-made. They’re going to last a long time.
When we say something is going to happen, we believe this because of the situation now. What is
happening now shows that something is going to happen in the future. For example:
Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain. (not it will rain)
(we can see that it is going to rain – the black clouds are in the sky now)
Compare:
We’re going to be late. The meeting starts in five minutes and it takes 15 minutes to get there.
(it is clear now that we don’t have enough time to get there)
Jane will be late for the meeting. She’s always late.
(I believe this because I know what Jane is like)

46 I’m going to ➜ Unit 20 will ➜ Units 21–22 The future ➜ Appendix 3


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