Mobashir Aley Farouk (AHC)

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Penology
Semester: V

Learning Material
(Reference Style: APA)

Lecture# 01

I. Penology: An Introduction
A. Introduction

 Penology is a scientific discipline that systematically examines the social,

psychological, and legal dimensions of punishment, imprisonment, and
rehabilitation (Rothman, 1980).

 This field of study seeks to understand the complex dynamics underlying

the administration of punishment and the rehabilitation of offenders.
Penology, being the study of punishment, prisons, and rehabilitation, is a
multidisciplinary field that draws on sociology, psychology, law, and
philosophy within the broader context of criminal justice (Cullen & Gilbert,
2013).

B. Definitions:

1. Penology, the study of punishment and prison management, is a

multidisciplinary field that encompasses various aspects of criminal justice.

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2. Penology is the scientific study of punishment, prisons, and rehabilitation. It

also examines the social, psychological, and legal aspects of punishment
and imprisonment.

3. Penology is the scientific study of punishment, prisons, and rehabilitation.

C. Objectives of Penology

 The primary objectives of penology include:

1. Analyzing the effectiveness of punishment and rehabilitation strategies

(Gendreau & Ross, 1979).

2. Examining the social and psychological impacts of imprisonment on

offenders and their communities (Sykes, 1958).

3. Developing evidence-based policies and practices for prison management

and rehabilitation (Andrews & Bonta, 2010).

 Also

4. Understand purposes and effects of punishment.

5. Examine prison management and administration

6. Develop effective rehabilitation strategies

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7. Promote safer communities and reduce recidivism

D.Scope of Penology

 Penology examines -----------

1. Criminology,

2. Sociological,

3. Economical,

4. Psychological,

5. Philosophical, and

6. legal ------ aspects of punishment and imprisonment.

(The remaining ,remaining)

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Lecture# 02
(Connected to the remaining)

E. Historical Timeline of Penology:

1. Ancient and medieval periods: punishment as retribution

2. The term “Penology” first time used in 1832

3. 18th-19th centuries: reform and rehabilitation

4. 20th century: criminology and penology emerge as distinct fields

F. Types Of Penology

 Penology may be broadly classified into different categories:

1. Retributive penology is based on the principle that offenders should be

punished for their crimes in a way that is proportional to the harm they
have caused. This branch focuses on punishment as a means of retribution
and deterrence.

2. Rehabilitative penology is based on the principle that offenders can be

rehabilitated and reintegrated into society. This approach emphasizes
treatment and education to help offenders overcome the factors that
contributed to their criminal behaviour.

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3. Restorative penology is based on the principle that the criminal justice

system should focus on repairing the harm caused by crime and restoring
relationships between offenders, victims, and their communities. This
approach emphasizes community involvement and mediation.

4. Critical penology is based on the principle that the criminal justice system is
a product of social, economic, and political forces that perpetuate (prolong)
inequality and oppression. This approach emphasizes the need to challenge
and reform the criminal justice system to address underlying issues of
power and social justice.

5. Comparative penology is the study of the differences and similarities in

criminal justice systems and correctional practices in different countries
and cultures. This approach emphasizes the need to understand and learn
from other systems to develop more effective and humane policies and
practices.

G.Skills Required for being Penologist

 Some of the common skills required for a career in penology include

1. Critical Thinking
2. Strong Communication Skill
3. Empathy / (Sympathy)
4. Analytical Skills
5. Problem-Solving
6. Cultural Competence

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H. Some Key Concepts in Penology

1. Deterrence: The use of punishment to discourage others from

committing similar offenses (Beccara, 1764/1986).
2. Punishment: The intentional infliction of suffering or hardship on
an individual or group for a perceived wrongdoing or offense
(Foucault, 1977).
3. Rehabilitation: The process of helping offenders to change their
behavior and become productive members of society (Cullen &
Gilbert, 2013).
4. Restorative Justice: An approach to justice that focuses on
repairing the harm caused by crime and promoting healing for
victims and offenders (Zehr, 1990).
5. Models of Penology
 Medical Model: Views crime as illness.
 Critique: Overlooks social factors.
 Social Control Model: Views crime as deviance.
 Critique: Overemphasizes control.
 Integrated Model: Combines multiple approaches.
 Critique: Implementation challenges.
6. Future Directions
 Evidence-based practices
 Rehabilitation and reentry programs
 Restorative justice initiatives
 Prison reform and abolition

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Key Figures:

1. Cesare Beccaria
2. Jeremy Bentham
3. Cesare Lombroso
4. Enrico Ferri
5. Michel Foucault

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Lecture# 03

II. Punishment:
A. Dawn

 Punishment is a complex, multi-layered and multifaceted concept that has

been debated and explored by philosophers, criminologists, and legal
scholars.

B. Definitions of Punishment

Here's are some comprehensive definitions:

1.
2. The intended infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an
offence by some competent authority.

3. Punishment refers to the intentional infliction of suffering, hardship, or

penalty on an individual or group for a perceived wrongdoing, offense, or
breach of rules, laws, or social norms.

4. According to Black's Law Dictionary, punishment is a penalty, fine, or

confinement that is inflicted by the law for a crime or offense. It can also be
defined as pain or suffering that is imposed by the court for a crime or
omission of a duty.

I. Examples of punishment

i. Fines

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ii. Imprisonment

iii. Seizure of property

iv. Forfeiture of assets

v. Community service

vi. Probation

vii. Death penalty etc.

C. Essentials (Ingredients) of Punishment

1. Intentionality: Punishment is intentionally inflicted, rather than being an

accidental or natural consequence.
2. Suffering or Hardship: Punishment involves the imposition of some form of
suffering, hardship, or penalty.
3. Wrongdoing or Offense: Punishment is imposed in response to a perceived
wrongdoing, offense, or breach of rules, laws, or social norms.
4. Authority: Punishment is typically imposed by an authority figure, such as a
government, institution, or social group.

D.Purposes / Objects of Punishment

1. Retribution: To punish the offender for their wrongdoing.

2. Deterrence: To deter others from committing similar offenses.

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3. Rehabilitation: To help the offender change their behaviour and become a

productive member of society.

4. Incapacitation: To protect society by incapacitating the offender.

5. Restoration: To repair the harm caused by the offense and promote healing

for victims and offenders.

J. Punishments in Islam-Hadd

 In Islam, punishments may be classified in three main categories:

1. Fixed punishments (Al-Hudood);

2. Restitutory punishments (Al-Qisas): and

3. Discretionary punishment (Al-Ta’zir)

 In Islamic penal system crimes are divided into three categories

namely;

a. crimes whose punishments are fixed by Almighty,

b. Crimes whose punishments are fixed but Man also has

right in their deductions and crimes whose

punishments are laid upon the government.

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c. Punishments prescribed by God in the Quran or the

Hadith are Hudood. Some crimes for which certain

punishments (& procedure) are fixed, Quran attributes

them to Hudood.

 For the categorization of an offence to be called Hadd, it is

necessary to establish that its punishment (& procedure) in fixed

terms must be determined in the Quran and (/or) the Hadith.

 Crimes against God Almighty are the crimes where punishment is

clearly ordained in the Qur’an and Sunnat and they are Hudood

Offences which is not in the case of restitutory punishments (Al-

Qisas): and discretionary punishment (Al-Ta’zir).

K. Dusk

Generally speaking, we can conclude that crime is the violation of the judicial
order, so punishment is the restoration of the judicial order which has been
violated, and, consequently, the restoration of the peace which has been

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disturbed, whereby human society is made possible. Crime and punishment are
inseparable, and “punishment enables us to understand the crime, and the
crime enables us to understand the punishment.” Punishment is the correlative of
crime. The “punishment” both in the abstract and concretely, is naturally
determined by the crime.

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Lecture# 04

III. Theories of punishment

Here's a detailed critical analysis of the retributive, deterrent, and
rehabilitation theories of punishment, along with an elaboration of their
compatibility with Islamic perspective:

A. Retributive Theory

The theory that punishment should be inflicted on an offender as a form of

revenge or retribution for the harm caused.

Key Advocates:

Immanuel Kant, George Wilhelm, Friedrich Hegel

Critical Analysis:
Strengths:

1. Provides Justice: Retributive theory provides a sense of justice and satisfaction

to the victim and their family.
2. Deters Crime: The fear of punishment can deter potential offenders from
committing crimes.
Weaknesses:

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1. Overly Punitive: Retributive theory can lead to overly punitive measures, which
can be counterproductive.
2. Fails to Address Root Causes: Retributive theory fails to address the root causes
of crime, such as poverty, lack of education, and social inequality.
3. Ignores rehabilitative needs of offenders.

Islamic Perspective:

In Islam, the concept of retribution is known as "qisas." However, Islamic

law emphasizes that retribution should be carried out in a fair and just
manner, taking into account the circumstances of the crime and the
offender's intentions.

B. Deterrent Theory

The theory that punishment should be inflicted on an offender to deter others

from committing similar crimes.

Key Advocates:
Jeremy Bentham, Cesare Beccaria

Critical Analysis:
Strengths:

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1. Deters Crime: The fear of punishment can deter potential offenders from
committing crimes.
2. Provides a Sense of Security: Deterrent theory provides a sense of security to
the public, knowing that offenders will be punished.

Weaknesses:

1. Deterrent theory is overly simplistic, failing to consider the complexities of

human behavior.
2. Fails to Address Root Causes: Deterrent theory fails to address the root causes
of crime, such as poverty, lack of education, and social inequality.
3. Ignores rehabilitative needs of offenders.
4. May lead to harsh punishment.

Islamic Perspective:

In Islam, the concept of deterrence is known as "wad'." Islamic law

emphasizes that punishment should be carried out in a fair and just
manner, taking into account the circumstances of the crime and the
offender's intentions.

C. Rehabilitation Theory

The theory that punishment should be inflicted on an offender with the goal of
rehabilitating them and preparing them for reintegration into society.

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Key Advocates:
Francis Allen, Norval Morris

Critical Analysis:

Strengths:
1. Reduces Recidivism (re-offending): Rehabilitation theory can reduce recidivism
rates by providing offenders with the support and resources they need to change
their behavior.
2. Promotes Reintegration (restoration) : Rehabilitation theory promotes
reintegration into society, helping offenders to become productive members of
society.

Weaknesses:

1. Overly Optimistic: Rehabilitation theory can be overly optimistic, failing to

consider the difficulties of rehabilitating offenders.
2. Fails to Address Root Causes: Rehabilitation theory fails to address the root
causes of crime, such as poverty, lack of education, and social inequality.
3. May lead to inadequate treatment programs

Islamic Perspective:

In Islam, the concept of rehabilitation is known as "islah." Islamic law

emphasizes the importance of rehabilitation and reintegration into society,

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providing offenders with the support and resources they need to change
their behavior.

 There is a growing emphasis on rehabilitation, with a focus on providing

offenders with the support and resources they need to change their
behavior.

a. Community-Based Punishment: There is a growing trend towards

community-based punishment, which focuses on providing offenders with
opportunities to make amends and reintegrate into society.

b. Victim-Offender Mediation: There is a growing trend towards victim-

offender mediation, which provides an opportunity for victims and
offenders to meet and discuss the harm caused.

D.Restorative Justice Theory

Restorative justice is a theory of justice that focuses on repairing the harm

caused by a crime, rather than punishing the offender.
 There is a growing trend towards restorative justice, which focuses on
repairing the harm caused to the victim and the community

Key Advocates
Howard Zehr, John Braithwaite

Key Principles:

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1. Victim-Offender Mediation: Bringing together the victim, offender, and

members of the community to discuss the harm caused and find a mutually
acceptable solution.
2. Reparation (Reimbursement) : Providing restitution or compensation to the
victim for the harm caused.
3. Rehabilitation: Providing support and resources to the offender to help them
change their behavior and reintegrate into society.
4. Community Involvement: Involving members of the community in the
restorative justice process to promote healing, accountability, and reintegration.

Critical Analysis:

Strengths:

1. Focus on Repairing Harm: Restorative justice prioritizes repairing the harm

caused by a crime, rather than simply punishing the offender.
2. Increased Victim Satisfaction: Restorative justice has been shown to increase
victim satisfaction with the justice process.
3. Reduced Recidivism: Restorative justice has been shown to reduce recidivism
rates by providing offenders with support and resources to change their behavior.

Weaknesses:

1. Limited Applicability: Restorative justice may not be applicable in all cases,

particularly those involving serious or violent crimes.

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2. Power Imbalances: Restorative justice may be affected by power imbalances

between the victim and offender, which can impact the fairness and effectiveness
of the process.
3. Lack of Standardization: Restorative justice programs can vary widely in terms
of their structure, process, and outcomes, which can make it difficult to evaluate
their effectiveness.
4. Overly focused on victim-offender mediation.
5. May fails to address root causes of crime.
6. May lead to inadequate reparations.

Islamic Perspective:

In Islam, restorative justice is compatible with the principles of justice,

compassion, and forgiveness. The concept of restorative justice is also
reflected in the Islamic principle of "mudarabah," which involves the
offender providing restitution or compensation to the victim.

In addition, the Islamic concept of "ta'zir" emphasizes the importance of

rehabilitation and reintegration into society.

E. Incapacitation Theory

The theory that punishment should be inflicted on an offender with the goal of
incapacitating them and preventing them from committing further crimes.

Key Advocates:
James Q. Wilson, Richard Herrnstein

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Critical Appreciation:

Strengths:

1. Sence of Security in society

2. Prevailing the shadow of justice & fair play
Weaknesses:

i. Overly punitive,
ii. Fails to address root causes of crime,
iii. May lead to harsh punishment.

In conclusion, each of these theories has its strengths and weaknesses, and a
critical analysis of each is necessary to develop effective and just punishment
practices. From an Islamic perspective, punishment should be aimed at achieving
justice, fairness, and rehabilitation, rather than solely focused on retribution or
deterrence.

In conclusion, each of above theories has its strengths and weaknesses, and a
critical analysis of each is necessary to develop effective and just punishment
practices. To conclude with, punishment should be aimed at achieving justice,
fairness, and rehabilitation, rather than solely focused on retribution or
deterrence or the other way round.

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Lecture# 05

Types of Punishment

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A. Retributive Punishment:
Focuses on punishing the offender for their wrongdoing.

B. Deterrent Punishment:
Aims to deter others from committing similar offenses.

C. Rehabilitative Punishment:
Focuses on rehabilitating the offender and helping them change their behaviour.

D. Restorative Punishment:
Aims to repair the harm caused by the offense and promote healing for victims
and offenders.

Lecture# 06

Here are the different types of punishment, along with in-depth details:

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A. Capital Punishment
The death penalty, where the offender is put to death as punishment for their
crime.

Types:
1) Hanging
2) Electrocution
3) Lethal injection
4) Firing squad

Purpose:
To deter others from committing similar crimes and to provide retribution for the
victim and their family.
Criticisms:
Raises ethical concerns, can be discriminatory, and may not be an effective
deterrent.

B. Corporal Punishment
Physical punishment, such as flogging, caning, or branding, inflicted on the
offender's body.

Types:
1. Flogging
2. Caning
3. Branding
4. Amputation
Purpose:
To inflict physical pain and humiliation as punishment for the crime.

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Criticisms:
Raises ethical concerns, can be inhumane, and may not be an effective deterrent.

C. Imprisonment
Confining the offender in a prison or jail as punishment for their crime.

Types:
1) Maximum-security prisons
2) Medium-security prisons
3) Minimum-security prisons
4) Juvenile detention centers

Purpose:
To punish the offender, protect society, and provide opportunities for
rehabilitation.
Criticisms:
Can be expensive, may not be effective in reducing recidivism, and can have
negative effects on mental and physical health.

Fines

Requiring the offender to pay a monetary penalty as punishment for their crime.

Types:
1) Fixed fines
2) Variable fines
3) Day fines (based on the offender's daily income)

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Purpose:
To punish the offender and provide compensation to the victim or society.
Criticisms: May not be effective for serious crimes, can be unfair to low-
income offenders, and may not provide sufficient compensation to victims.

D.Probation
Requiring the offender to comply with certain conditions, such as regular
meetings with a probation officer, as an alternative to imprisonment.

Types:
1) Supervised probation
2) Unsupervised probation
3) Intensive probation

Purpose:
To provide an alternative to imprisonment, reduce recidivism, and provide
opportunities for rehabilitation.
Criticisms:
May not be effective for serious crimes, can be resource-intensive, and may not
provide sufficient supervision.

E. Restorative Justice
Focusing on repairing the harm caused by the crime, rather than simply punishing
the offender.

Types:
1) Victim-offender mediation

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2) Restorative circles
3) Reparative probation

Purpose:
To provide reparation to the victim, promote healing and reintegration, and
reduce recidivism.
Criticisms:
May not be effective for serious crimes, can be resource-intensive, and may not
provide sufficient accountability.

F. Community Service
Requiring the offender to perform work or services for the benefit of the
community as punishment for their crime.

Types:
1) Court-ordered community service
2) Probation-based community service
3) Restorative community service

Purpose:
To provide reparation to the community, promote rehabilitation, and reduce
recidivism.
Criticisms:
May not be effective for serious crimes, can be resource-intensive, and may not
provide sufficient accountability.

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G.Electronic Monitoring
Using electronic devices to monitor the offender's movements and activities as a
form of punishment or supervision.

Types:
1) GPS tracking
2) Electronic ankle monitors
3) Curfew monitoring

Purpose:
To provide an alternative to imprisonment, reduce recidivism, and provide
opportunities for rehabilitation.
Criticisms:
May not be effective for serious crimes, can be resource-intensive, and may
infringe on individual rights and freedoms.

H.Shaming
Using public humiliation or shame as a form of punishment.

Types:
1. Public shaming
2. Shame-based sentencing
3. Restorative shaming

Purpose:
To provide reparation to the victim, promote rehabilitation, and reduce
recidivism.
Criticisms:

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May not be effective for serious crimes, can be cruel and inhumane, and may
infringe on individual rights and freedoms.

I. Rehabilitation
Focusing on providing treatment, education, and training to help the offender
change their behavior and become a productive member of society.

Types:
1) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
2) Substance abuse treatment
3) Vocational training

Purpose:
To provide opportunities for rehabilitation, reduce recidivism, and promote
community safety.
Criticisms:
May not be effective for all types of offenders, can be resource-intensive, and
may not provide sufficient accountability.

Here are some additional types of punishment:

J. Banishment
Exiling the offender from a particular area or community as punishment.
Purpose:
To protect society, provide reparation to the victim, and promote rehabilitation.

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K. Forfeiture
Confiscating the offender's property or assets as punishment.
Purpose:
To provide reparation to the victim, deprive the offender of ill-gotten gains, and
deter future crimes.

L. Hard Labor
Requiring the offender to perform physically demanding work as punishment.

Purpose:
To provide reparation to the victim, promote rehabilitation, and deter future
crimes.

M. House Arrest
Confining the offender to their home or a designated area as punishment.

Purpose:
To provide an alternative to imprisonment, reduce recidivism, and promote
rehabilitation.

N.Mandatory Treatment
Requiring the offender to undergo treatment or counseling for a specific issue,
such as substance abuse or mental health.

Hafiz & Company (Since 1956) ; Jus Lawyer Forum JLF

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Purpose:
To provide opportunities for rehabilitation, reduce recidivism, and promote
community safety.

O.Monetary Reparation
Requiring the offender to pay monetary compensation to the victim or society as
punishment.

Purpose:
To provide reparation to the victim, promote rehabilitation, and deter future
crimes.

P. Public Apology
Requiring the offender to make a public apology to the victim or society as
punishment.

Purpose:
To provide reparation to the victim, promote rehabilitation, and deter future
crimes.

Q.Restitution
Requiring the offender to make restitution to the victim or society, such as
through community service or monetary compensation.

Purpose:

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To provide reparation to the victim, promote rehabilitation, and deter future

crimes.

R. Suspended Sentence
Suspending the offender's sentence, pending their completion of certain
conditions or requirements.
Purpose:
To provide an alternative to imprisonment, reduce recidivism, and promote
rehabilitation.

S. Work Release
Allowing the offender to work in the community while still serving their sentence.

Purpose:
To provide opportunities for rehabilitation, reduce recidivism, and promote
community safety.
Lecture# 06

Effects of Prison Life on Inmates

Here is a brief overview of the effects of prison life on inmates:

A. Psychological Effects

1. Anxiety and Depression:

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The harsh prison environment can lead to increased anxiety and depression in
inmates.
2. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD):
Inmates may experience traumatic events in prison, leading to PTSD.
3. Personality Changes:
Prison life can lead to changes in personality, including increased aggression and
hostility.

4. Loss of Identity:
Inmates may experience a loss of identity and self-worth due to the restrictive
prison environment.

B. Social Effects

1. Social Isolation:
Prison life can lead to social isolation, making it difficult for inmates to form
and maintain relationships.
2. Disconnection from Family and Friends:
Inmates may experience disconnection from family and friends, leading to
feelings of loneliness and abandonment.
3. Difficulty Reintegrating into Society:
After release, inmates may struggle to reintegrate into society, leading to
difficulties in finding employment and housing.

C. Physical Effects

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1. Poor Living Conditions:

Overcrowding, poor sanitation, and inadequate healthcare can lead to physical
health problems.
2. Malnutrition:
Inadequate food and nutrition can lead to malnutrition and related health
problems.
3. Chronic Illnesses:
Prison life can exacerbate chronic illnesses, such as diabetes and hypertension.
4. Mental Health-Related Physical Symptoms:
Mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression, can manifest physically,
leading to symptoms such as headaches and stomach problems.

D.Behavioural Effects

1. Aggression and Violence:

Prison life can lead to increased aggression and violence in inmates.
2. Substance Abuse:
Inmates may turn to substance abuse as a coping mechanism for the stresses of
prison life.
3. Gang Involvement:
Inmates may become involved with gangs as a means of survival or protection.
4. Self-Destructive Behaviours:
Inmates may engage in self-destructive behaviors, such as self-mutilation or
suicidal ideation.

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E. Rehabilitation and Reintegration Challenges

1. Lack of Access to Rehabilitation Programs:

Inmates may not have access to rehabilitation programs, making it difficult to
address underlying issues.
2. Inadequate Preparation for Release:
Inmates may not receive adequate preparation for release, making it difficult to
reintegrate into society.
3. Stigma and Discrimination:
Inmates may face stigma and discrimination after release, making it difficult to
find employment and housing.

F. Conclusion

Prison life can have severe and long-lasting effects on inmates, including
psychological, social, physical, and behavioural effects. Addressing these effects
and providing adequate rehabilitation and reintegration support is crucial for
reducing recidivism rates and promoting successful re-entry into society.

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 Mobashir Aley Farouk (AHC)
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Lecture# 07

Jail Reforms Movement

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 Mobashir Aley Farouk (AHC)
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Here is a brief overview of jail reform movements and their effects:

A. Historical Jail Reform Movements

1. Penitentiary Movement (1790s-1840s):

Focused on creating prisons that emphasized rehabilitation through hard labour,
solitude, and religious instruction.

2. Reformatory Movement (1870s-1920s):

Aimed to create reformatories that provided education, job training, and
counselling to young offenders.

3. Progressive Era Reforms (1900s-1940s)

Focused on improving prison conditions, reducing overcrowding, and promoting
rehabilitation.

B. Modern Jail Reform Movements

1. Civil Rights Movement (1950s-1960s):

Highlighted racial disparities in the justice system and led to reforms aimed at
reducing discrimination.

2. Deinstitutionalization Movement (1960s-1980s)

Focused on reducing the number of people incarcerated and promoting

community-based alternatives.

3. Restorative Justice Movement (1990s-present):

Emphasizes repairing harm caused by crime and promoting healing for victims,
offenders, and communities.

Hafiz & Company (Since 1956) ; Jus Lawyer Forum JLF

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4. Mass Incarceration Reform Movement (2000s-

present):
Aims to reduce the number of people incarcerated, address racial disparities, and
promote rehabilitation.

C. Effects of Jail Reform Movements

I. Positive Effects

1. Improved Prison Conditions:

Reforms have led to improved living conditions, reduced overcrowding, and

better access to healthcare and education.

2. Increased Focus on Rehabilitation:

Many reforms have emphasized the importance of rehabilitation, leading to
increased access to counseling, job training, and education.

3. Reduced Recidivism:
Some reforms, such as restorative justice programs, have been shown to reduce
recidivism rates.

4. Increased Community Engagement:

Reform movements have led to increased community engagement and
participation in the justice system.

II. Negative Effects

1. Unintended Consequences:

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Some reforms, such as mandatory sentencing laws, have had unintended

consequences, such as increased incarceration rates.

2. Resistance to Change:
Reform efforts have sometimes faced resistance from corrections officials, law
enforcement, and politicians.

3. Limited Resources:
Reform efforts have sometimes been limited by lack of resources, including
funding and personnel.

4. Disparities in Implementation:
Reforms have sometimes been implemented unevenly, leading to disparities in
treatment and outcomes.

III. Future Directions for Jail Reform

1. Continued Focus on Rehabilitation:

Emphasizing rehabilitation and providing access to counseling, job training, and
education.

2. Addressing Racial Disparities:

Implementing reforms aimed at reducing racial disparities in the justice system.

3. Increasing Community Engagement:

Encouraging community participation and engagement in the justice system.

4. Evaluating Effectiveness:
Continuously evaluating the effectiveness of reforms and making adjustments as
needed.

Hafiz & Company (Since 1956) ; Jus Lawyer Forum JLF

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 Mobashir Aley Farouk (AHC)
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Lecture# 08

CRIME WISE/SECTION WISE MONTHLY POPULATION STATEMENT FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER, 24

UNDERTRIAL CONVICTED UNCONFIRMED CONDEMNED

PRISONERS PRISONERS CONDEMNED PRISONERS
JUVENI
PRISONS TOTA
LES
Sr. JUVENI JUVENI JUVENI JUVENI L GRA
BELOW TOTAL
NAME OF LES LES LES LES ADUL ND
UNDER SECTION ADULT ADUL 18
N CRIME ADULTS BELOW ADULTS BELOW BELOW BELOW TS TOT
S TS YEARS
o. 18 18 18 18 AL
YEARS YEARS YEARS YEARS
M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F

1 Wrongful 341/342/343/344/345/3 95 18 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 18 0 0 110 18 128

restraint/confine 46/347/348 PPC
ment of person

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2 Zina Sec 10 (i)(ii)(iii) Zina- 63 6 0 0 15 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 79 7 0 0 79 7 86

Ord,79
3 Wandering 55/109 Cr. Pc 18 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 9 0 0 19 9 28
4 Arms Ord / 65 / 13/20/65, 7/21/91 401 2 6 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 411 2 7 0 418 2 420
SIA Act, 1991
5 Gambling 4-GO 5/7/78 HO 80 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 0 5 0 85 0 85
6 Railway Act (mention relevant 119 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 130 0 130
section)
7 Control of CNSA, 1997 9 (a) 238 8 4 0 87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 8 4 0 329 8 337
Narcotis
Substance Act
1997
8 Control of CNSA, 1997 9 (b) 773 15 5 0 59 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 832 22 5 0 837 22 859
Narcotis
Substance Act
1997
9 Prionser 221 PPC 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Esc.Re-cap.&
Sentence
10 Custom Act (mention relevant 13 4 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 4 0 0 35 4 39
section)
11 Lunatics 471 Cr.Pc. 47 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 1 0 48 0 48
12 Civil Prisoners Family Degree Ijra 915 0 2 0 2390 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 0 2 0 3307 0 3307
5
13 Canal Act 427/430/431/73-A 49 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 3 0 0 49 3 52
14 Miscellanceous 1110 44 11 0 139 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 124 44 12 0 1261 44 1305
9
15 Breach of 107/151 Cr.PC 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 0 0 0 53 0 53
peace
16 Attempt to 325 PPC 40 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 0 0 0 48 0 48
Suicide
17 Cheating with418 8 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 38 0 38
knowledge that
wrongful inte
18 Lurking House 442 PPC 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 10 0 10
Tresspass
19 Complaint 6-Muslim 1 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 12 0 12
Law family Act
20 Murder 302 PPC 6744 216 137 1 5656 97 87 2 21 1 0 0 218 0 0 0 147 32 224 3 149 32 1527
02 2 20 5 44 8 2
21 Death by 303/304/308/312/319/3 286 0 2 0 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 431 0 2 0 433 0 433
negligence 21/322 PPC
22 Attempt to 324PPC 1973 22 27 0 564 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253 24 29 0 2566 24 2590
Murder 7
23 Thug / ExposureB327/328/329 PPC 206 4 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 282 4 0 0 282 4 286
of Child /
Concealment
of
24 Itlaf-i-udw/ 334/336 PPC 203 2 2 0 29 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 232 2 3 0 235 2 237
salahiyyat-i-udw
25 Causing hurt 337(A - N) PPC 1311 9 18 0 179 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 149 13 18 0 1508 13 1521
with/blunt/sharp 0
weapon
26 Isqat-i-hamal 338(A - C)PPC 161 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 164 0 0 0 164 0 164
with
consent/without
consent
27 Criminal Assaultm352/358/354-A PPC 249 0 1 0 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 0 1 0 301 0 301
/ Violating
Modesty of Wo
28 Rape (UCCP / 375/376 PPC 482 3 38 0 196 0 52 0 36 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 717 3 90 0 807 3 810
CP)
29 Lunatics 471 Cr.Pc. 72 0 0 0 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 134 0 0 0 134 0 134

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(UCCP / CP)
30 Kidnapping & 363/364/365/365-A 847 48 8 0 247 5 2 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 109 53 10 0 1109 53 1162
Abduction /366/367/369 PPC 9
31 Un-Natural 377 PPC 878 0 35 0 202 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 108 0 62 0 1142 0 1142
Offence 0
32 Theft 382PPC 525 5 2 0 69 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 594 11 2 0 596 11 607
33 Theft 401PPC 293 0 1 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 301 0 1 0 302 0 302
34 Theft 411 PPC 466 1 1 0 63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 529 1 1 0 530 1 531
35 Robbery/Dacoity 392/394/395/396 PPC 6490 10 84 0 380 6 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 687 16 88 0 6962 16 6978
4
36 Criminal Assault 427/448/452/453/506 541 31 5 0 46 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 591 31 5 0 596 31 627
/ Violaence PPC
37 Cheating/ 406/409/417/420/430/4 830 28 7 0 118 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 948 30 7 0 955 30 985
Forgery/Fraud 77 PPC
38 Lurking House 460 PPC 198 1 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 216 1 0 0 216 1 217
Tresspass
39 Dishonestly 411/412/413/414 PPC 528 9 7 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 9 7 0 562 9 571
recev.Stolen
property
40 Military 54 Cr. PC 84 1 5 0 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91 2 5 0 96 2 98
Deserters
41 Bogus / 489-F 947 4 1 0 75 4 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 102 8 1 0 1026 8 1034
Bouncing of 5
Cheque
42 Immigration 17/22 EO 290 8 0 0 11 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 304 9 0 0 304 9 313
43 Maint.Pub.Ordin 3/16 MPO 48 8 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 8 0 0 55 8 63
ance 1979
44 Pakistan Army 59 PAA 34 0 0 0 197 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 266 0 0 0 266 0 266
Act
45 Foreigner Act, 4 FA ii FA 118 8 4 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 123 9 4 0 127 9 136
1946
46 Foreigner Act, 55 FA ii FA 118 18 2 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128 18 2 0 130 18 148
1946
47 Foreigner Act, 52 FA ii FA 110 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 112 5 0 0 112 5 117
1946
48 Anti Smuggling Preven. of Smug Act, 75 18 4 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 18 4 0 85 18 103
77
49 Prohibition of U/S 3/4 Peoh, 79 632 5 1 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 652 5 1 0 653 5 658
inforcement of
Hadd
50 Control of CNSA, 1997 9 (c) 10170 242 62 0 1807 92 8 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 119 33 70 0 120 33 1238
Narcotis 83 4 53 4 7
Substance Act
1997
51 Theft 380/381/381-A/ 4205 36 120 0 235 12 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 48 123 0 4563 48 4611
411/457/454/367-A 0

52 Anti 7 ATA 532 2 2 0 413 3 0 0 24 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 980 5 2 0 982 5 987

Terrorism Act
1997
53 Army Act 38(1) 173 18 4 0 16 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 189 32 4 0 193 32 225
54 Attacking - 7 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 19 0 19
Armed Forces
of Pakistan
55 Blasphemy 295-A,B,C 543 22 1 0 47 0 0 0 20 3 0 0 6 0 0 0 616 25 1 0 617 25 642
56 Border - 14 0 1 0 15 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 3 1 0 30 3 33
crossing
57 Rape 375/376 PPC 1070 11 107 0 358 2 8 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1433 13 115 0 1548 13 1561
58 436 100 2 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 119 2 0 0 119 2 121
59 Theft 379PPC 1389 12 28 0 53 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1442 13 28 0 1470 13 1483
60 496-A 238 12 2 0 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 253 13 2 0 255 13 268
61 Detenue Detenue 5 0 0 0 97 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 102 0 0 0 102 0 102
62 Electricity 462i 433 0 6 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 0 6 0 450 0 450

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Act
63 Foreigner Act, 13/14 foreign 49 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 73 0 0 0 73 0 73
1946 act
64 Illegal Illegal 16 0 0 0 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 4 0 0 19 4 23
Dispossessio Dispossessio
n n act 2005
65 National 10 NAO 11 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 22 0 1 0 23 0 23
Accountabilit
y Ordinance
66 399/402 103 4 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 104 4 2 0 106 4 110
TOTAL 48830 934 762 1 14403 270 196 2 2216 15 0 0 281 0 0 0 65730 1219 958 3 66688 1222 67910

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