Course Title/Code: COMPUTER APPLICATION PACKAGES/CTE 113

Department: COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Introduction

A computer is an electronic device designed to process, store, and retrieve data. It

performs calculations and executes instructions based on a program or user
commands. Computers consist of hardware, such as the processor (CPU), memory,
storage, and input/output devices, and software, which includes the operating system
and applications that tell the hardware how to operate. Computers are used for a wide
range of tasks, from basic calculations to complex simulations, communication, and
automation in nearly every field of work and daily life.

Computers have revolutionized every field, from education and healthcare to

communication and business, by increasing efficiency, speeding up processes, and
enabling digital communication. They are essential in modern life, aiding in problem-
solving, automation, data analysis, and connectivity.

Definition of a computer

Computer can simply be defined as an any electronic data processing device.

In other words Computer can be defined as an electronic device that is designed for
accepting data through its input devices, storing and processing the data using its
memory and processor respectively and producing or generating information or output
through its output devices. Examples smartphones, desktops, laptops, ATM, POS,
calculators, BP monitors, thermometer,fuel dispenser, Ultrasound machine,
Robots,Drones etc.

Definition of a computer system

Computer System can be defined as a collection of basic components of a computer

(hardwares/softwares ) that are needed or necessary to perform a given task.

Components of a Computer System

There are three major components of a computer system as follows:

1. Humanware components

2. Hardware components

3. Software components
1. Humanware Component: - This simply refers to any person that uses Computer or has
anything to do with computer. In other words Humanware or people ware is a term used
to refer to anything that has to do with the role of people in the development or use of
computer software and hardware systems. It can include various aspects of the process
such as human interaction, programming, productivity, teamwork, and other factors. In
simpler terms humanwares are Computer professionals and Computer users E.g
programmer, networker, computer trainer, Computer operator, website designer etc.

2. Hardware Components: These are physical components of a computer that can be

seen and touched. E.g Mouse, monitor, CPU, ROM, RAM, power pack etc.

Types of Computer Hardware

a. Internal Hardwares: - these are computer hardwares that are found or enclosed in the
System Unit. E.g RAM, ROM, CPU, video card, sound card, power pack etc.

b. External Hardwares: - these are computer hardwares that are connected wiredly or
wirelessly to the computers mother board externally. They are also known as peripheral
devices. E.g Mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer etc.

3. Software Components of a computer: These are set of computer instructions

(Programs) that are designed to instruct or tell a computer what to do and how to do it,
or to perform or execute a given task. Normally users interact with computers through
softwares because any task you need to execute on computer you need an application
software that is designed for that particular task that you want to perform.

Types of Software

a. System Software: - This is a set of programs that control and manage the operations
of computer hardware. Normally System software is designed to serve the computer
system rather than the user.It also helps application programs to execute correctly. E.g
Operating system (OS), device drivers, communication softwares, utility softwares etc.

b. Application Software: - is a type of computer program that performs a specific

personal, educational, and business function. It is commonly known as an end-user
program or software. Normally application softwares are designed to serve users unlike
System softwares which are designed to serve the computer system itself.E.g browsers,
entertainment softwares, educational softwares, business softwares, Microsoft office
suite etc.
c. Programming Software: - is a software that is designed for computer programmers as
a tool for developing, debugging and maintaining of softwares.

d. Malicious software: - this is any unwanted software that is intentionally designed to

cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network. E.g computer Virus,
spyware, ransomware, adware etc.

Concept of Systems Software:

A System Software is a program that controls and supports operations of a computer

system.System software refers to the core programs that manage and run a computer
system and providing a platform for application softwares. It includes operating
systems, device drivers, utilities, and other essential components that enable the
hardware to function and allow users to interact with their devices perfectly.

Types of System Software

a.Translator: this is a program that translates source program (written in high level
language) in to machine language (or source code). Assemblers, Interpreters and
compilers are examples of Translator.

b. Device Drivers: these are computer programs that determines how a computer will
communicate with a peripheral device. A peripheral device is an electronic equipment
connected by cable to the CPU of a computer.

c. Utility software: this is a program that perform very specific task, usually related to
managing system resources. Normally utility programs are used to keep computer
system in a normal and optimal state of operation. E.g. antivirus, disk defragmenters,
Uninstallers, system optimizers,back up tools etc.

d. Operating system: This is a fundamental software that acts as an intermediary

between the hardware of a computer and the user or application software. It manages
the computer's resources, provides common services for programs, and ensures that the
system operates efficiently and securely.

Functions of operating system

i. Controlling hardware components

ii. Managing storage media

iii. Providing user interface

iv. Managing computer resources

v.Managing files

vi. Providing a platform for softwares to run on

vii. Managing applications

viii. Providing security and access control

Difference between application and system softwares

Application Software System software

Designed to help users perform specific Provides a platform for application

tasks or activities, such as word software to run and manages hardware
processing, web browsing, or gaming components of the computer

Examples: Operating systems like

Windows, macOS, Linux; device drivers
Examples: Microsoft Word (word that allow hardware components to
processing), Adobe Photoshop (image communicate with the OS; utility programs
editing), Google Chrome (web browser), that manage resources
and video games

Directly interacts with the user and is Generally operates in the background
typically what users think of when they without direct interaction from users but is
refer to "software." essential for overall functionality.

Requires system software to function; it Can exist independently of application

cannot operate independently without an software but is necessary for running
operating system. applications effectively on hardware

In summary, while application software enables users to perform specific tasks directly
related to their needs or interests, system software serves as a foundation that allows
those applications—and all other aspects of computing—to function properly within a
computer environment.

Concept of program generators

Program generators are tools or software applications that automate the creation of
source code, scripts, or other programming artifacts. They are designed to reduce the
amount of manual coding required, increase productivity, and minimize errors by
generating code based on predefined templates, models, or specifications.

Types of program generators

There are various types of program generators, including:

1. Code Generators: These take high-level descriptions (like UML diagrams) and produce
source code in a specific programming language.

2. Template Engines: Often used in web development, these allow developers to define
templates with placeholders that get filled with data at runtime.

3. Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs): These are specialized languages designed for a

particular application domain; program generators can translate DSL scripts into
executable code.

4. Frameworks and Libraries: Some frameworks come with built-in scaffolding tools
that generate boilerplate code for common tasks like CRUD operations in web
applications.

5. Integrated Development Environments (IDEs): Many IDEs have features that help
generate repetitive code structures automatically based on user inputs or existing
patterns.

Benefits of Using Program Generators

- Efficiency: Reduces development time by automating repetitive tasks.

- Accuracy: Minimizes human errors in coding.

- Standardization: Ensures adherence to coding standards and best practices.

- Scalability: Facilitates the management of large and complex projects.

- Maintainability: Easier to update and maintain generated code.

Application/Software Packages

Application/Software Packages: These are commercial programs that are available to

the public and sold to the them at particular prices. They are also refer to a multiple
software programs bundled together and sold as a set. Also application packages can
be defined as the ready made software designed in a standardized form for solving
various problems that are common to the users. Some application packages perform
single function while others integrate multiple functios in a single package.

Categories of Application/Software Packages

i. Word Processing Packages: These are used to produce text-based documents like
letters, reports, memos etc. examples Ms word, word perfect, word star etc.

ii. Spread sheet packages: These are used to deal with tasks that involve a lot of
calculations for the production of graphs and charts. Examples Ms excel, Lotus 123, etc.

iii. Database packages: These are used to store and retrieve data/information.
Examples Ms access, My SQL, Paradox etc.

iv. Desktop Publishing packages: these are used to produce professional quality
publications like books, magazines, Newspapers,posters etc. Examples Ms publisher,
page maker, PagePlus etc.

v. Graphics Packages: These are used to produce and manipulate art work such as
images, designs, shapes etc. Examples PhotoShop, CorelDraw, paint etc.

vi. Computer aided Designs Packages: These are used to produce engineering and
architectural designs. Examples AutoCAD, 2-D design, TurboCAD etc.

vii. Web Page Packages : These are used to produce web pages and web sides.
Examples Macromedia Dreamweaver, Ms FrontPage etc.

viii. presentation Packages: They are used to create slides shows and presentation like
Seminars, Lectures, reports etc. Examples PowerPoint, Lotus Freelance etc.

ix. Statistical packages: They are used for collection, analysis, presentation and
interpretation of data. Examples SPSS, SAS, Stata etc.

x. Expert System Packages: An Expert System is a computer program (software) that

uses artificial intelligence (AI) to reproduce the judgment of a human with expert
knowledge in a particular field. Also an expert system is a computer program that is
designed to solve complex problems and to provide decision-making ability like a
human expert. Expert systems are usually intended to complement, not replace, human.
Examples: ATM, CaDet (Cancer Decision Support Tool) is used to identify cancer in its
earliest stages, DENDRAL helps chemists identify unknown organic molecules, MYCIN
identifies bacteria such as bacteremia and meningitis, and recommends antibiotics and
dosages etc.
Concept of Web app(Web application)

A web app, or web application, is a software application that runs on a web server and
can be accessed through a web browser over the internet. Unlike traditional desktop
applications that are installed on a user's computer, web apps are hosted online and can
be used from any device with an internet connection. Examples of common web
applications include email services (like Gmail), social media platforms (like Facebook),
online banking systems, content management systems (like WordPress), academic
institutions websites and various organizations websites.

Key characteristics of web apps

1. Accessibility: Users can access them from anywhere without needing to install
software.

2. Cross-Platform Compatibility: They work across different operating systems and

devices (e.g., Windows, macOS, Android, iOS).

3. Updates: Developers can update the app centrally on the server without requiring
users to download new versions.

4. Interactivity: Many modern web apps use technologies like HTML5, CSS3, and
JavaScript to provide interactive user experiences.

Concept of App downloaders

An app downloader is a software tool or application that allows users to download and
install applications (apps) onto their devices, such as smartphones, tablets, or
computers. These downloaders can be part of official app stores (like the Apple App
Store or Google Play Store) or third-party platforms that provide access to various apps.

Key features of an app downloaders

1. Search Functionality: Users can search for specific apps by name, category, or
popularity.

2. **User Reviews and Ratings**: Many app downloaders provide user feedback to help
others decide which apps to install.

3. Installation Management: They often manage the installation process and ensure
that the correct version of an app is downloaded for a user's device.

4. Updates: Some downloaders notify users about updates available for installed
applications.

Common examples of app downloaders

Here are some examples of app downloaders that can help users find and download
applications for various platforms:

1. Google Play Store: The official app store for Android devices, where users can browse,
download, and update apps.

2. Apple App Store: The official app store for iOS devices (iPhone and iPad), offering a
wide range of applications.

3. Amazon Appstore: An alternative app store for Android devices that offers a variety of
apps and games.

4. APKMirror: A website that allows users to download APK files (Android Package Kits)
directly, often used to get older versions or specific apps not available in the Play Store.

5. F-Droid: An open-source platform where users can find free and open-source Android
applications.

6. Microsoft Store: The official application marketplace for Windows PCs and tablets,
providing access to various software including games and productivity tools.

7. Samsung Galaxy Store: A dedicated app store specifically for Samsung device users
with exclusive content tailored to their hardware capabilities.

8. GetJar: One of the oldest independent app stores offering a variety of mobile
applications across different platforms including Java ME, Android, etc.

Installing, Deleting and recovering of apps

Installing, deleting, and recovering apps can vary slightly depending on the device and
operating system you are using. Below are general instructions for both Android and iOS
devices:

### For Android Devices:

**Installing Apps:**

1. Open the **Google Play Store** app.

2. Use the search bar to find the app you want to install.
3. Tap on the app from the search results.

4. Tap **Install** to download and install it.

**Deleting Apps:**

1. Go to your device's **Settings**.

2. Select **Apps & notifications** (or just "Apps" on some devices).

3. Find and tap on the app you want to delete.

4. Tap **Uninstall**, then confirm.

Alternatively:

- Long press on the app icon in your home screen or app drawer until options appear,
then drag it to "Uninstall" or tap "Remove."

**Recovering Deleted Apps:**

1. Open the **Google Play Store** again.

2. Tap on your profile icon in the top right corner, then select **Manage apps & device**.

3. Go to “Manage” tab where you'll see a list of installed apps; switch over to “Not
Installed” tab if available (this may vary by version).

4. Find your deleted app in this list and tap Install.

### For iOS Devices (iPhone/iPad):

**Installing Apps:**

1. Open the **App Store** application.

2. Use Search at bottom of screen or browse categories for desired apps.

3 .Tap on an app from results, then hit `Get` or `Download` button (cloud icon) if it's
free; enter Apple ID password/Face ID/Touch ID if prompted.

**Deleting Apps:**

1 .Find an App Icon either Home Screen or App Library

2 .Long press until a menu appears

3 .Select `Remove App`, followed by `Delete App`, confirming when prompted

### For Windows:

#### Installing Applications:

1. **Download the Installer**: Go to the official website of the application you want to
install and download the installer file (usually .exe or .msi).

2. **Run the Installer**: Locate the downloaded file in your Downloads folder or
wherever you saved it. Double-click it to run.

3. **Follow Installation Instructions**: Follow any prompts provided by the installation

wizard.

#### Deleting Applications:

1. **Open Settings**: Click on the Start menu and select "Settings" (the gear icon).

2. **Go to Apps**: Click on "Apps" in Settings.

3. **Find Your Application**: Scroll through or search for the application you want to
uninstall.

4. **Uninstall It**: Click on it and then click "Uninstall." Confirm any prompts that appear.

#### Recovering Deleted Applications:

- If you've deleted an application but need it back:

1. Check if it's available in your Recycle Bin; if so, right-click and select "Restore."

2. If not found there, you'll need to reinstall it from its original source (website or
installation media).

### For macOS:

#### Installing Applications:

1. **Download from App Store/Website**: You can either download apps directly from a
website or use Mac App Store.

2. **Install via Drag-and-Drop (for downloaded files)**: Open Finder > go to Downloads >
locate app (.dmg) file > double-click it > drag app icon into Applications folder.

#### Deleting Applications:

1. **Open Finder**.

2. Navigate to `Applications`.

3. Find and right-click (or Control + click) on the application you wish to delete.

4- Select “Move to Trash.” Alternatively, drag it directly into Trash.

#### Recovering Deleted Applications

### 1. Check the Trash

- Open the **Trash** by clicking on its icon in the Dock.

- Look for the deleted application.

- If you find it, right-click (or Control-click) on it and select **Put Back** to restore it to its
original location.

### 2. Use Data Recovery Software

If the first option fails , consider using third-party data recovery software such as Disk
Drill or EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard:

1. Download and install one of these programs (make sure it's reputable).

2. Follow their instructions for scanning for lost files/applications.

Modes of Packages Acquisition

Software packages could be acquired through the following ways:

i. Buying from Software Developers

ii. Renting from Software Houses

iii. Buying from Software Vendors

iv. Hiring from Software Developers

v. Downloading from the Internet

Concept of Application packages Development Processes

The development of application software is a structured process that involves several

stages, from initial concept to deployment and maintenance. Here’s an overview of the
typical steps involved in developing application software:

1. Requirement Analysis

- Objective: Understand the needs and expectations of the end-users and stakeholders.

- Activities:

- Gather requirements through interviews, surveys, and workshops.

- Define the scope, objectives, and constraints of the project.

- Create a Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document.

2. Planning

- Objective: Develop a roadmap for the project.

-Activities:

- Estimate time, cost, and resources.

- Develop a project plan, including milestones and deliverables.

- Assign roles and responsibilities to team members.

3. Design

- Objective: Create a blueprint for the software.

- Activities:

- Design the architecture of the application.

- Create UI/UX designs, wireframes, and prototypes.

- Define data models, workflows, and system interfaces.

- Develop design documents such as the System Design Specification (SDS).

4. Implementation (Coding)

- Objective: Translate the design into executable code.

- Activities:
 - Write code according to the design specifications.

- Follow coding standards and best practices.

- Use version control systems to manage code changes.

- Conduct code reviews to ensure quality.

5. Testing

- Objective: Identify and fix defects in the software.

- Activities:

- Develop test cases and test plans.

- Perform various types of testing (unit, integration, system, acceptance).

- Use automated testing tools where applicable.

- Document and track bugs using issue tracking systems.

6. Deployment

- Objective: Release the software to the end-users.

- Activities:

- Prepare the deployment environment.

- Package the software and create installation scripts.

- Deploy the application to production servers.

- Conduct final checks and smoke tests.

7. Maintenance

- Objective: Ensure the software continues to function correctly and efficiently.

- Activities:

- Monitor the application for issues and performance.

- Provide user support and handle bug reports.

- Release updates, patches, and new features.

 - Continuously improve the software based on user feedback.

8. Documentation

- Objective: Provide comprehensive documentation for users and developers.

- Activities:

- Create user manuals, installation guides, and FAQs.

- Document the codebase, APIs, and system architecture.

- Maintain documentation to reflect changes and updates.

9. Evaluation and Feedback

- *Objective: Assess the success of the software and gather user feedback.

- Activities:

- Conduct post-release reviews and retrospectives.

- Collect user feedback through surveys and analytics.

- Analyze performance metrics and user satisfaction.

10. Iteration and Improvement

- Objective: Continuously enhance the software.

- Activities:

- Plan and prioritize new features and improvements.

- Iterate through the development cycle for new releases.

- Stay updated with technological advancements and user needs.

Criteria for software packages acceptability

The acceptability of software packages is determined by a variety of criteria that ensure

the software meets the needs and expectations of its users and stakeholders. Here are
the key criteria for evaluating the acceptability of software packages:

1. Functionality
 - Completeness: The software should fully meet the functional requirements and
specifications.

- Accuracy: It should perform tasks correctly and produce accurate results.

- Relevance: The features should be relevant to the users' needs and business goals.

2. Usability

- User Interface (UI): The interface should be intuitive, user-friendly, and aesthetically
pleasing.

- User Experience (UX): The overall experience should be positive, with minimal
learning curve and efficient task completion.

- Accessibility: The software should be accessible to all sort of users including even
people with disabilities.

3. Performance

- Speed: The software should perform tasks quickly and efficiently.

- Responsiveness: It should respond promptly to user inputs.

- Scalability: The software should handle growth in users, data, and transactions
without degradation in performance.

4. Reliability

- Stability: The software should operate consistently without crashes or failures.

- Error Handling: It should handle errors gracefully and provide meaningful error
messages.

- Availability: The software should be available for use when needed, with minimal
downtime.

5. Security

- Data Protection: The software should protect sensitive data through encryption and
secure storage.

- Authentication and Authorization:** It should ensure that only authorized users can
access certain features or data.
 - Vulnerability Management: The software should be free from known vulnerabilities
and regularly updated to address new threats.

6. Compatibility

- Interoperability: The software should work well with other systems, software, and
hardware.

- Platform Support: It should be compatible with the operating systems and devices
used by the target audience.

- Integration: The software should integrate seamlessly with existing workflows and
systems.

7. Cost

- Initial Cost: The purchase price or development cost should be within budget.

- Total Cost of Ownership (TCO): Consideration of ongoing costs, including

maintenance, support, and upgrades.

- Return on Investment (ROI): The software should provide value that justifies the
investment.

8. Compliance

- Regulatory Compliance: The software should comply with relevant laws, regulations,
and industry standards.

- Licensing: It should have appropriate licensing terms that meet the organization's
needs.

9. Support and Training

- Customer Support: Availability of reliable customer support for troubleshooting and

assistance.

- Training Resources: Availability of training materials, tutorials, and documentation to

help users get up to speed.

10. Customizability

- Flexibility: The software should allow for customization to meet specific user needs
and preferences.
 - Extensibility: It should support the addition of new features or integrations as needed.

11. User Feedback and Satisfaction

- User Reviews: Positive feedback and reviews from current users.

- Satisfaction Surveys: High satisfaction ratings from users who have interacted with
the software.

By evaluating software packages against these criteria, organizations can make

informed decisions and select software that best meets their needs and expectations.

Concept of Word processing packages

Word processing package is an Application software package that enables the user to
type, edit, format, store, retrieve and print mainly text-based document. word processing
package is also known as an application software that is used for typing/creating,
editing, formatting, storing, retrieving and printing mainly text-based documents. Today,
the word processor is one of the most frequently used software programs on a
computer, with Microsoft Word being the most popular word processor.

In a word processor, you are presented with a blank white sheet as shown below. The
text is added to the document area and after it has been inserted formatted or adjusted
to your preference. Below is an example of a blank Microsoft Word window with areas
of the window highlighted.

Examples of Word processors include:

Ms Word

MultiMate
AmiPro

Word Perfect

Word star

Letter Perfect

Features of a Word processor

Unlike a basic plaintext editor, a word processor offers several additional features
that can give your document or other text a more professional appearance. Below
is a listing of some of the most popular features of a word processor.

Text formatting - Changing the font, font size, font colour, bold, italicizing,
underline, etc.

Copying, cutting, and pasting - Once text is entered into a document, it can be
copied or cut and pasted in the current document or another document.

Multimedia - Insert clip art, charts, images, pictures, and video into a document.

Spelling and Grammar checks - Checks for spelling and grammar errors is one of
the exciting features of a word processor.
Layout Adjustment - Capable of modifying the margins, size, and layout of a
document.

Find - Word processors give you the ability to quickly find any word or text in any
size of the document.

Search and Replace - You can use the Search and Replace feature to replace any
text throughout a document.

Indentation and lists - Set and format tabs, bullet lists, and number lists.

Insert tables - Add tables to a document.

AutoCorrect - Automatically correct common errors (e.g., typing "teh" and having it
autocorrected to "the").

Import data - Import and format data from CSV, database, or another source.

Headers and footers - The headers and footers of a document can be customized
to contain page numbers, dates, footnotes, or text for all pages or specific pages
of the document.

uses of a word processor

Writing a Book – Word processors are the most suitable package for writing a
book.

Document - Any text document that requires formatting.

Help documentation - Support documentation for a product or service.

Journal - Keep a digital version of your daily, weekly, or monthly journal.

Letter - Write a letter to one or more people. Mail merge could also be used to
automatically fill in the name, address, and other fields of the letter.

Marketing plan - An overview of a plan to help market a new product or service.

Memo - Create a memo for employees.

Report - A status report or book report.

Résumé - Create or maintain your résumé.

Advantages of A Word Processor

* It is easier to make changes to your document.

* word-processed Documents are always legible

* Easy to erase, edit and fix mistakes in a text.

* You can move, change, delete, save, and format all your ideas in one handy file.

* It allows you to organize all your work or ideas together in a file.

* It is easy to share and store word processing files electronically

Disadvantages of a word processor:

- Requires a computer (and electrical power) to write

- Data can be lost by a computer malfunction

- Requires a computer or printer to view document

- Certain languages require hundreds of symbols not easily accessed on a

keyboard symbol.
- Equations are easier to write than create on a computer

Functios of Word Processors

Functions of word processing software include:

* Creating, editing, saving and printing documents.

* Copying, pasting, moving and deleting text within a document.

* Formatting text, such as font type, bolding, underlining or italicizing.

* Creating and editing tables.

* Inserting elements from other software, such as illustrations or photographs.

* Correcting spelling and grammar.

Overview of a Microsoft Word( MS word)

Microsoft Word is a word processing software developed by Microsoft. It is part

of the Microsoft Office suite and is widely used for creating, editing, formatting,
and sharing documents. Here’s an overview of its key features:

Key Features of MS Word:

1. **User Interface**:

- Ribbon: A toolbar that organizes commands into tabs (e.g., Home, Insert,
Design).

- Quick Access Toolbar: Customizable toolbar for frequently used commands.

2. **Document Creation**:
- Blank Document: Start from scratch or use templates.

- Templates: Pre-designed formats for resumes, letters, reports, etc.

3. **Text Formatting**:
 - Font Styles: Change font type, size, color; apply bold/italic/underline.

- Paragraph Formatting: Adjust alignment (left/right/center), line spacing, and

indentation.

4. **Inserting Elements**:

- Images & Graphics: Add pictures or shapes to enhance documents.

- Tables & Charts: Organize data visually with tables or graphical

representations.

5. **Reviewing Tools**:

- Spell Check & Grammar Check: Automatic suggestions to correct errors.

- Comments & Track Changes: Collaborate with others by adding comments

and tracking edits.

6. **Page Layout Options**:

– Margins & Orientation adjustments

– Page Breaks and Section Breaks

7. **References Management**:

– Footnotes & Endnotes

– Citations/Bibliography tools
8. **Saving and Sharing Options**:

– Save in various formats (e.g., .docx,.pdf)

– Share via email or cloud services like OneDrive

How to use MS Word

Using Microsoft Word is relatively straightforward. Here’s a step-by-step guide to

help you get started:

### 1. **Opening Microsoft Word**

- Click on the Start menu (Windows) or Finder (Mac).

 - Search for "Microsoft Word" and click to open it.

### 2. **Creating a New Document**

- Once Word is open, you can choose to create a new document by selecting
“Blank Document” or choosing from one of the templates available.

### 3. **Understanding the Interface**

- Familiarize yourself with the Ribbon at the top, which contains tabs like Home,
Insert, Design, Layout, References, Mailings, Review, and View.

- The Quick Access Toolbar allows quick access to frequently used commands
like Save and Undo.

### 4. **Typing Text**

- Click anywhere in the blank document area and start typing your text.

### 5. **Formatting Text**

- Highlight text you want to format.

* Use options in the Home tab for font style (bold/italic/underline), size
adjustments, color changes etc.

* You can also adjust paragraph alignment (left/right/center) and line spacing
here.

### 6. **Inserting Elements**

- To insert images: Go to Insert > Pictures > Choose from File or Online Sources.
- To add tables: Go to Insert > Table > Select number of rows and columns
needed.

### 7. **Saving Your Document**

- Click on File in the top left corner then select Save As if it's your first time
saving this document; otherwise just click Save if you've already saved it before.

– Choose where you want to save it on your computer or cloud storage service
like OneDrive.

### 8. **Printing Your Document**

– When ready to print: Click on File > Print; select printer settings as needed
then click Print again.

### Additional Tips:

- Use keyboard shortcuts for efficiency:

PRESENTATION PACKAGES ( Using MS power point)

A presentation package is a software program that provides the resources

necessary to give a professional presentation for meetings, lectures, speeches or
other similar situations. Displays often include slideshows, and other
customization options that can be tailored to the presenter's specific needs.
Software programs like Microsoft PowerPoint make it easy for presenters to
create a visual presentation package that will help to engage the audience. This
visual will flip through different pages to emphasize key points. Many people
also add text, which can help to support their talking points and ensure that the
crowd takes away the key elements from the presentation. In addition to
Microsoft PowerPoint, presenters can use software like Windows Movie Maker
and Keynote to create other types of personalized presentation packages.
Components/Features of MS Power Point

PowerPoint presentations typically consist of several key components, including:

1. **Slides**: The individual pages that make up the presentation. Each slide can
contain text, images, charts, and other multimedia elements.

2. **Title Slide**: The first slide that usually contains the title of the presentation
and the presenter's name or organization.

3. **Content Slides**: Slides that contain the main information being presented.
These can include bullet points, images, graphs, tables, and videos.
4. **Slide Layouts**: Predefined arrangements for how content is displayed on a
slide (e.g., title and content layout).

5. **Transitions**: Visual effects used when moving from one slide to another
during a presentation.

6. **Animations**: Effects applied to individual elements on a slide (like text or

images) to control how they appear or disappear during the presentation. It
allows users to create or apply motion effects on slides.

7. **Speaker Notes**: Additional notes for presenters that are not visible to the
audience but help guide their speech while presenting each slide.

8. **Master Slides**: Templates that define styles for fonts, colors, backgrounds
across all slides in a presentation for consistency.

9. **Hyperlinks & Action Buttons**: Links within slides that allow navigation
between different slides or external resources when clicked during a presentation.

10. **Charts & Graphs**: Visual representations of data included in slides to

illustrate trends or comparisons effectively.

11. **Images & Multimedia Elements**: Photos, videos, audio clips added to
enhance engagement and understanding of content presented on slides.

12. ***Slide show *** : this feature makes users view how the group of slides will
be displayed. It displays the content to the audience during presentation.

How to use MS Power Point

Using Microsoft PowerPoint is relatively straightforward. Here’s a step-by-step
guide to help you get started:

### 1. **Open PowerPoint**

- Launch the Microsoft PowerPoint application on your computer.

### 2. **Create a New Presentation**

- Click on "File" in the top left corner.

- Select "New" and choose either a blank presentation or one of the available
templates.
### 3. **Add Slides**

- Go to the “Home” tab.

- Click on “New Slide” to add slides to your presentation.

- You can choose different layouts for each slide (e.g., title slide, content slide,
etc.).

### 4. **Insert Text**

- Click inside any text box on a slide and start typing.

- To add new text boxes, go to the “Insert” tab and select “Text Box.”

### 5. **Add Images/Media**

- To insert images, click on the “Insert” tab and select “Pictures.” Choose an
image from your computer or online sources.

- For videos or audio files, use options under the same "Insert" tab.

### 6. **Design Your Slides**

- Use the "Design" tab to apply themes and customize backgrounds for your
slides.

### 7. **Transitions & Animations**

- Go to the "Transitions" tab if you want effects between slides (like fades).

- Use animations under the "Animations" tab for elements within individual
slides (like making text appear).
 ### 8. **Review Your Presentation**

– Check spelling by going to ‘Review’ > ‘Spelling’.

– Play through your slideshow by clicking on 'Slide Show' > 'From Beginning'.

### 9. **Save Your Work**

– Save frequently by clicking ‘File’ > ‘Save As’. Choose where you want it saved
and give it a name.

Functions of presentation packages

# Display information in the form of a slide show.

# Serve as a text editor that allows text to be inserted and formatted

# Possess a method for inserting and manipulating graphic images, and a slide-show

# The slides may contain words, images, graphs, or even movies.

# They can be organized to flow from one point to the next or to display key information
at the appropriate times.

# PowerPoint enables presenters to display the major points about which they are
talking while giving the presentation

Introduction to Spreadsheets

Spreadsheets are powerful tools used for organizing, analyzing, and storing data in a
tabular format. They consist of rows and columns that intersect to form cells, where you
can input various types of information such as text, numbers, dates, and formulas.

In other words Spreadsheet is a Programmable Application Package that mostly

operates with Rows and Columns of numbers on the Screen and allows the users to
enter Values, Labels and Formulas for automated calculations of some expected
results. As the name suggests, Spreadsheets were simply a means of spreading figures
or numeric data items over a sheet of paper and carrying out calculations on them.
Typical examples of Spreadsheet Programs include the following:Ms Excel, Lotus 1-2-3,
Multiplan, Supercalc, Viewsheet.

### Key Components of Spreadsheets:

1. **Cells**: The individual boxes where data is entered. Each cell has a unique address
based on its column letter and row number (e.g., A1).

2. **Rows and Columns**: Rows run horizontally (numbered) while columns run
vertically (lettered). This structure allows for easy organization of data.
3. **Formulas**: Mathematical expressions that perform calculations on the data within
the cells. For example, `=SUM(A1:A10)` adds all values from cells A1 to A10.

4. **Functions**: Predefined formulas that simplify complex calculations or tasks (e.g.,

`AVERAGE`, `COUNT`, `IF`).

5. **Charts/Graphs**: Visual representations of your data which help in understanding

trends or patterns at a glance.

6. **Worksheets/Workbooks**: A single spreadsheet file is called a workbook which can

contain multiple worksheets (individual tabs within the workbook).

7. **Fill handle**: Fill handle is a cell pointer’s box that you can Click and drag to extend
and copy the cell’s contents. It is also a black square box at the bottom right hand
corner of an active cell through which the user can click and drag to copy and paste the
cell’s contents.

8. **Argument**: An Argument is a value that a Function operates with, or it is a value

that a Function uses in performing calculations. Argument usually appears inside a
Function’s parentheses.

### Common Uses of spreadsheets

- Data analysis

- Inventory tracking

- Project management

- Payroll Calculations

- Invoicing
- Budget Preparations/Calculations & Analysis

- Sales Analysis & Forecasting

- Investments Plans

- Examinations Results Processing

- Balance Sheet Preparation

- Preparation of various Accounts

### Getting Started:

To begin using spreadsheets:
1. Choose software like Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, or LibreOffice Calc.

2. Familiarize yourself with the interface—understand how to navigate between sheets.

3. Start entering simple data into cells.

4. Experiment with basic functions like addition (`+`), subtraction (`-`), multiplication
(`*`), division (`/`), and built-in functions like SUM or AVERAGE.

5. Explore formatting options to enhance readability—adjust font sizes/colors/borders.

Spreadsheets are versatile tools suitable for both personal use and professional
applications across various fields!

Advantages of Spreadsheets
* Spreadsheet automates most of the manual computations using Formulas and
Functions.

* Spreadsheet comes with a large worksheet editing area for the User’s work.

* There is inclusion of Facility for creating sophisticated and Professionally looking

charts.

* There is inclusion of Database Management Facility for the user’s need.

* Communication is possible between Spreadsheet Programs and other Windows -

based Programs.

* With Spreadsheet, Financial documents and other confidential documents can be

protected from unauthorized access.

* Spreadsheet is a Flexible and a User-Friendly Application Package.

Disadvantages of Spreadsheets
* Protected documents (Passworded documents) cannot be retrieved if the Password is
forgotten.

* Corrupted Spreadsheet files can cause draw back to Managers since it can lead to lose
of vital information.

* Despite its popularity, flexibility and ease of use many Users can still not afford to
acquire this software Package.

* Hidden Source code makes it quite impossible for the user to modify the Program to
include additional Facilities or Features he/she may need to work with.

How to use MS Excel

Microsoft Excel is a powerful spreadsheet application that allows you to organize,

analyze, and visualize data. Here’s a basic guide on how to use it:

Getting Started

1. **Open Excel**: Launch the Microsoft Excel application on your computer.

2. **Create a New Workbook**: Click on "File" > "New" > "Blank Workbook" or choose
from templates.

Basic Navigation:

- **Cells**: The intersection of rows (numbered) and columns (lettered) forms cells
where you can enter data.

- **Active Cell**: The currently selected cell where data will be entered; highlighted with a
border.

- **Ribbon Menu**: Contains tabs like Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data,
Review, View which provide various tools.
Entering Data:

1. Click on the cell where you want to enter data.

2. Type your text or numbers and press `Enter` to move down or `Tab` to move right.

Formatting Cells:

1. Select the cells you want to format.

2. Use options in the “Home” tab:

- Font styles (bold/italic)

- Cell color

- Number formats (currency/date)

Basic Formulas and Functions

1. Start with an equal sign (`=`).

2. For example:

- To add two numbers in cells A1 and A2: `=A1 + A2`

- Common functions include:

- SUM: `=SUM(A1:A10)` adds all values from A1 through A10

- AVERAGE: `=AVERAGE(B1:B10)` calculates average

- COUNTIF: counts cells based on criteria

3. Press `Enter` after typing your formula.

Creating Charts:

To visualize your data:

1. Select the range of data you want for your chart.

2. Go to the “Insert” tab in the Ribbon menu.

3. Choose from Chart