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ovi
nce

MOMENT-
DISTRI
BUTI
ONMETHOD

Modul
e6of7modul
es

Theor
yofSt
ruct
uresI
I

AndrewM.Layag
Emai
laddr
ess:andrewml
ayag@gmail.
com
CP#:09192139809and09199953314

Engi
neer
ingDepar
tment

SecondSemest
er,
Academi
cYear2021-
2022
I
NTRODUCTI
ON

Anothermet hod ofanal y

sis appropri
atef orstr
uctures havi
ng a high degree of
i
ndeterminacy,i
stheMoment -
Distri
but
ionMet hod.Moment -
Dist
ribut
ionmethodisclassi
fi
edas
adisplacementmet hod.Itisanappr ox i
matemet hodbuter r
orscanbemi nimi
zedt oanear
accur
at eval
ues.Fr
om theoreti
cal v
iewpoint,
iti
sv er
ysimil
artoSlope-Def
lect
ionmethod.Hence,
i
tisalsocall
edtheSlope-Defl
ectionindi se.
sgui

Inthismodule,wedi scussand applyt hemoment -

distributi
on met hod i
ntheanal y
sisof
i
ndetermi
natebeamsandf rames.Iti
sintendedtobecov eredint hr
eeweeks.Allexerci
sesand
act
ivi
ti
es her
ein obser
ve sensi
ti
vi
tyt o genderand culturalbackground.Read and do the
act
ivi
ti
esatyourowncomf or
t.Forotherconcerns,
contacty ourteacherduri
ngclassschedul
e
onl
y.

LEARNI
NGOUTCOMES

Att
heendoft
hemodul
e,y
oushoul
dbeabl
eto:
1.computetheendmoment soneachmemberofanindet
erminat
ebeam orf rame;
2.cal
cul
atethereact
ionsatthesuppor
tsofi
ndeter
minat
estruct
ures;
and
3.gai
nskil
landappreciat
ioninanal
yzi
ngst
ruct
uresusi
ngthemoment -di
str
ibuti
onmet
hod.

LET’
STALKABOUTI
T

Int heMoment -
Distributi
onmet hod,themomentequi l
ibr
ium att hejointsaresol ved
i
terati
v elyorapproximately.Forthisreason,iti
sconsi deredasanappr oximatemet hod.
TheuseofMoment -
Distri
buti
onmet hodisv erysimpleandwi t
ht hei ncreasi
nguseof
comput er-
ori
ented matrixmet hods,i tisst i
l
lpr ef
er r
ed byengineer sf oranal yzi
ng smal l
er
structuressinceitpr ovi
desabet t
erinsightintothebehav iorofst r
uctures.Fur t
hermor e,t
his
met hodmayal so beusedf orpr el
iminarydesignsaswel lasf orchecki ngt her esult
sof
comput eri
zedanalyses.
Tobet terunderstandt hismet hod,considerabeam hi ngedatoneendandf i
xedatt he
otherendl oadedwi thamoment ,M atthehingedsuppor tasshown.

M
A B
1
MBA = M
2

Recal
l,fr
om previ
ousmet hods,t
hatt
hemomentl oadM inducesamomentr eacti
onatthef
ixed
1
supportMBA = M wi t
ht hesamedir
ecti
onast heloadM.I notherwords,t
hemomentl oadM at
2
thehingedsupportcar
ries-
overone-
hal
fofi t
smagni tudeint
ot hefi
xedsuppor twitht
hesame
dir
ecti
on.So,MBA maybecal edcar
l r
y-overmoment .Thistermi sbeingusedi nthemoment-
di
str
ibut
ionmet
hod.

Basi
cConceptandPr
ocessofMoment
-Di
str
ibut
ionMet
hod

TheMoment
-Di
str
ibut
ionmet
hodusest
hesamesi
gnconv
ent
ionasSl
ope-
Def
lect
ion
met
hod.

1
 Count
ercl
ockwi
sememberendmoment
sar
econsi
der
edposi
ti
ve.
Now
consideraconti
nuousbeam showni nFig.5.1.Fi
rst,assumet hatallt
hejoint
sar etemporar
il
y
l
ockedorr est
rai
nedagai nstrotat
ionsot hattheext er
nalloadsinducef i
xedendmoment sin
eachmember .Thesefixedendmoment sar enotgener al
lyinequil
ibri
um atthejoint
s.Ateach
j
oint,thesum oftheendmoment si scall
edunbal ancedmoment .Forjoi
ntB,theunbalanced
momenti s30kN. m countercl
ockwise.

180kN

ω=40kN/
m
B
A C

2m 2m 6m

EIi
sconst
ant
Fi
xed-
End
Moments unbal
ancedmoment
:

90 90 120 120

Sum =30-
--unbal
ancedmoment(
count
ercl
ockwi
se)

30-
--unbal
ancedj
ointmoment
9 6

18 12
Car
ry-
overmoment
Car
ry-
overmoment Dist
ri
but
edMoments
or Bal
anci
ng
Moments

Fi
gur
e5.
1

Second, rel
easethetempor ar
yr estr
ainatjointBonl y.Thejoi
ntrotatesundertheacti
on
ofunbal ancedjointmomentwhi chint ur
ni nducesmoment sattheendsoft hemember s
connect ed toi tin propor
ti
on tot heirst i
ff
ness.These i nduced end moment s are cal
l
ed
Distr
ibutedMoment sorBalancingMoment s,andt heirval
uesar edet
erminedbymul t
ipl
yi
ngthe
negativeoft heunbalancedmomentbyt heDi stri
butionFactors(DF)oft hemember s.The
bendingoft hesemember sduet odistr
ibutedmoment scausescarry
-overmoment stodevel
op
atthefarendsoft hemember s.Thejointwhichi snowi nequili
bri
um i
sre-clamped.
Thi
rd,anot
herj
ointwi
thanunbalancedmoment
,joi
ntC,isrel
eased,bal
ancedandre-
cl
ampedinthesamemanner .Thi
sprocessisdonetoeveryj
ointtocompleteonecycl
eof

2
momentdi
str
ibut
ion.
Thepr ocedurei
srepeat
edunt
iltheunbal
ancedmomentsatal lt
hejoi
ntsarenegli
gibl
y
small
.Thef inalmemberendmoment sareobtai
nedbyalgebrai
call
ysummi ngthefix
ed-end
moment s,di
st r
ibut
edmoment sandcarry
-ov
ermoment sateachmemberend.Wi thmember
end moment s known,the anal
ysi
s of the str
uct
ureis continued t
hrough equi
li
bri
um
consi
derati
ons.
Themoment
-di
str
ibuti
onmethodisconv
eni
ent
lyexecut
edi
nat
abul
arf
orm.Thet
abl
eis
r
efer
r oasmoment
edt -
distr
ibuti
ont
able.

Di
str
ibut
ionFact
or,
DF:

Thedi
str
ibut
ionf
act
orataj
ointi
sdet
ermi
nedasf
oll
ows;

rel
ati
vest
if
fnessofmember
DFmbr =
Sum ofr
elat
ivesti
ff
nessofmembersconnect
edt
othej
oint

Forj
ointBoft
heFi
g.5.
1,

kBA
DFBA =
kBA+kBC

Forhi
ngedorr
oll
erendsuppor
t,DF=1.

Forf
ixedendsuppor
t,DF=0.Fi
xedsuppor
tabsor
bsal
lmoment
sinducedt
oit
.

Bal
anci
ngMomentorDi
str
ibut
edMoment
:

Bal
anci
ngMoment = (
DF)(
negat
iveofunbal
ancedmoment
)

Appl
icat
ionofMoment
-Di
str
ibut
iont
oBeams.

Exampl
e1:

3
 Uset hemoment-dist
ri
but
ionmet hodtodeter
minethememberend- moment
soft
he
cont
inuousbeam shownbelow.Deter
mineal
sotheshearandr
eact
ions.

180kN

ω=40kN/
m
A B C

2m 2m 6m

EIi
sconst
ant

Sol
uti
on:

Rel
ati
veSt
if
fness:

I
Span k= r
elat
ivek
L

I 12
AB * 3
4 I
I 12
BC * 2
6 I

Di
str
ibut
ionFact
or,
DF:

Joi
ntA: DFAB =0-
--
-forf
ixedendsuppor
t

Joi
ntB:

3
DFBA = =0.
60
3+2

2
DFBC = =0.
40
3+2

4
 Joi
ntC: DFCB =1-
--
-forhi
ngedorr
oll
erendsuppor
t

Not
e:

Thedist
ri
but
ionf
act
orscanbedet
ermi
neddi
rect
lyi
nthemoment
-di
str
ibut
ion
tabl
e.

Fi
xed-
EndMoment
s:

PL
MFAB =+ =+90kN.
m
8

PL
MFBA =- =-
90kN.
m
8

ωL2
MFBC =+ =+120
12

ωL2
MFCB =- =-120
12

Moment
-Di
str
ibut
ionTabl
e:

5
 EndMoment
s:(
roundedv
alues)
where
DF---
--Di
stri
buti
onFact
or
MAB = +60kN.
m FEM --
-FixedEndMoment
Bal - ---
- Bal
anci
ng
MBA = -150 Moment or
Di
stri
but
ed
MBC = +150 Moment

MCB = 0

Shear
s:

I
nthecalculat
ionofshear
,considertheFBD ofeachmemberwi
tht
heend
moment
sori
ent
edf oll
owi
ngthesi
gnconventi
on.

180kN

ω=40kN/
m
A B B C

60kN.
m 150kN.
m

Sheardue
tol
oads +90.
0 +90.
0 +120 +120

Shearf
rom
+22.
5 moments +25 -25 -
22.
5

Tot
alShear +67.
5 +112.
5 +145 +95

React
ions:

MA = 60kN.
m count
ercl
ockwi
se

RA = 67.
5kN ↑

RB = 112.
5+ 145 = 257.
5kN ↑

RC = 95kN ↑

6
Exampl
e2: (
Beam wi
thsuppor
tset
tl
ement
)

Uset hemoment-di
str
ibut
ionmet
hodt odeter
minethememberend-
moment
soft
he
cont
inuousbeam shownbelowwithv
ert
icalyi
eldi
ngatsuppor
tB.
Det
ermi
neal
sot
heshearandr
eact
ions.
E=200GPa and I=1705x106mm4

ω=36kN/
m
A C
B
15mm

5m 5m

EIi
sconst
ant

Sol
uti
on:

Rel
ati
veSt
if
fness:

I
Span k= r
elat
ivek
L

I 5
AB * 1
5 I
I 5
BC * 1
5 I

Di
str
ibut
ionFact
or,
DF:

Joi
ntA: DFAB =1-
--
-forhi
ngedendsuppor
t

Joi
ntB:

1
DFBA = =0.
50
1+1

7
 1
DFBC = =0.
50
1+1

Joi
ntC: DFCB =1-
--
-forhi
ngedendsuppor
t

Fi
xed-
EndMoment
s:

a.Duet
oloadi
ngs;

ωL2
MFAB =MFBC =+ =+75kN.
m
12

ωL2
MFBA =MFCB=- =-
75kN.
m
12

b.Duet
osuppor
tset
tl
ement
;

EI=
(200x10
N
9
m)
*(1705x10mm )
2

15
6 4

=341000kN.
m 2
1x10

Δ =0.
015m

L=5m -
--
-forbot
hspans

6EI
Δ
MFAB =MFBA =+ 2 =+1227.
6kN.
m
L

6EI
Δ
MFBC =MFCB=- 2 =-
1227.
6kN.
m
L

c. Tot
alFi
xedEndMoment
s;

MFAB =+1302.
6kN.
m

8
 MFBA =+1152.
6

MFBC =-
1152.
6

MFCB =-
1302.
6

Moment
-Di
str
ibut
ionTabl
e:

Shear
s:

ω=36kN/
m ω=36kN/
m
A B B C
501.
30
kN.
m

Sheardue
toloads +90.
0 +90.
0 +90 +90

Shear
fr
om +100.
26 -
100.
26 -
100.
26 +100.
26
Moments

Tot
alShear +190.
26 -
10.
26 -
10.
26 +190.
26

React
ions:

9
 RA =190.
26kN ↑

RB = - 26+ (
10. - 26)=20.
10. 52kN ↓

RC =190.
26kN ↑

Exampl
e3:

1
1
Appl
icat
ionofMoment
-Di
str
ibut
iont
oIndet
ermi
nat
eFr
ames:

SimilartoSlope-
Defl
ecti
onmet hod,ther
earetwocasestoconsideri
ntheappl
i
cat
ionof
Moment-
Distr
ibut
ionmethodintheanalysi
sofindet
ermi
nat
eframes,namely
:
CaseI–Fr ameswithoutSi
deswayand

CaseI
I–Fr
ameswi
thSi
desway
.

Theset
wocasesar
etr
eat
edsepar
atel
y.

CaseI–Fr
ameswi
thoutSi
desway

Deter
mi netheendmoment soneachmemberoft
hef
rameshown.Det
ermi
neal
sot
he
react
ionsatthesuppor
ts.

1
FBDofeachmemberandReact
ionsatsuppor
ts:

80kN
120kN 120kN
80kN.
m 20kN/
m 80kN.
m

20kN 20 C
B
B kN
120kN
120kN
1

20kN A 20kN
 Case2:
Frameswi
thSi
desway

Pr
ocedur
e:

Themoment
-di
str
ibut
ionanal
ysi
soff
rameswi
thsi
deswayi
scar
ri
edouti
ntwopar
ts.

Par
tI. Consi dert hesi deswayf ramei spreventedbyaddi ngani maginaryr
ollert
ot he
st
ructurewherej ointt
ranslat
ionoccurs.Exter
nalloadsareappl
iedtothisframetheapplythe
moment -di
str
ibutionpr ocesstocomput ememberendmoment s,orMo Moment s.Wit
ht he
memberendmoment sknown,t heresist
ingforce(react
ion)R att heimaginaryrol
leris
eval
uatedapplyingt heequationsofequil
ibri
um t
oeachcol umn.

Par
tII. Considerthefr
ameissubj ectedt
othefor
ceR,whichi
sappl
i
edintheopposi
te
di
rect
ion.Applyt
hemoment-di
str
ibutiont
odet
erminet s,orMR Moment
heendmoment s.
Super
imposether
esul
tt hatofPar
ot tI
.

M =MO +MR

Si
ncet hemoment -
dist
ri
buti
oncannotbeuseddir
ectl
ytocomputethe MR Moment s
duetothelaterall
oadR,weempl oyani
ndir
ectappr
oachassumingt
hatthefr
ameissubject
ed
toimaginar
yj ointtr
ansl
ati
onΔ’causedbyanunknownl oadQ acti
ngatt hel
ocati
onand
di
rect
ionofR, seefi
gure(
d).
Foranyimaginar
yvalueofΔ’,wecalcul
atethefi
xed-
endmomentsofthecol
umns.Then
appl
ymoment-di
str
ibuti
ontodeter
minet hecor
respondi
ngendmoments,orMQ Moments.Once
momentMQ ar
edetermined,themagnit
udeofQcanbeev al
uat
edwi
tht
hesamepr ocessasR.
MomentMRi
snowdet
ermi
nedbyt
heex
pressi
on

1
 (QR)M
M =MO +
R

Thesignconvent
ionusedi
nthis
computaton:cl
i ockwi
se moment
i
spositi
ve.

Theframei sunsymmet
ri
cal
lyl
oaded.
Thus,
itissubj
ectedt
osi
desway
.

1
1
1
1
Sincet
hecolumnhavethesamerel
ati
vesti
ff
ness,
theirf
ixed-
endmomentsareal
so
thesame.Inst
eadofusingani
maginar
yvalueofΔ’,anarbit
rar
yval
ueoffi
xed-
end
moment swasused.(
anyval
uecanbeused.
)

1
POSTASSESSMENT/PLATE#06

Pr
obl
em 6.
1 (
50pt
s.)

Deter
minetheendmomentsofeachmemberofthebeam shownbel
ow andt
he
r
eact
ionsatthesuppor
tsusi
ngt
heMoment-
Dist
ri
but
ionMet
hod.

2
 Ii
sconst
ant
.Di
str
ibut o6thcy
eupt cle.

80kN 100kN

36kN/
m
6kN/
m

A B C D

8m 6m 4m 4m 4m

Pr
obl
em 6.
2 (
50pt
s.)

For the f rame shown,

G H
deter
mi he di
ne t stribut
ion f
actor
,
3.
6m (
1. )
6I (
2. )
6I
(DF)ofmembersconnectedat:
D F
a.Joi
ntD (
4. )
4I E (
2. )
5I

4.
0m (
1. )
6I (
2. )
6I (
I)
b.Joi
ntE
A B C
c.Joi
ntF
8.
0m 5.
0m

Submi
ssi
ondat
eofPl
ate: onorbef
oreJune15,
2021.

Scor
ingSy
stem

Poi
nts Cr
it
eri
a
Total
lycor
rectpr
ocedur
eorsol
uti
onwi
thnoar
it
hmet
ic
50
er
rors.
40 Subst
ant
ial
l
ycor
rectpr
ocedur
ewi
thmi
noromi
ssi
onorer
ror
.
25 Par
ti
all
ycor
rectpr
ocedur
ebutwi
thmaj
orf
aul
t
15 Tot
all
yinappr
opr
iat
epr
ocedur
eorsol
uti
on
0 Noat
tempt

2
REFERENCES

Pant
,M.K.( .Fundament
2017) alsofst
ruct
uralanal
ysi
s.NewDel
hi:
S.K.Kat
ari
aSons.
Kassi
mal
i
,Asl
am.( .Under
2011) standi
ngst
ruct
uralanal
ysi
s.Si
ngapor
e:CengageLear
ningAsi
a.
Yuai
-YuHsi
eh.( .El
1982) ement
aryt
heor
yofst
ruct
ures.NewJer
sey
:Pr
ent
ice-
Hal
l
.
Wang.( .St
1983) ati
cal
l
yindet
ermi
nat
est
ruct
ures.NewYor
k:McGr
aw-
Hil
l
.