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Le 10

The document is a lecture on the mechanics of machines, focusing on the work-energy method and its application to rigid bodies. It covers concepts such as work done by forces and couples, kinetic energy, potential energy, and the principle of work and energy. Additionally, it includes a problem example and references for further reading.

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Mohamed Hammam
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15 views11 pages

Le 10

The document is a lecture on the mechanics of machines, focusing on the work-energy method and its application to rigid bodies. It covers concepts such as work done by forces and couples, kinetic energy, potential energy, and the principle of work and energy. Additionally, it includes a problem example and references for further reading.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Hammam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Port Said University ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌـــﺔ ﺑـﻮرﺳــﻌﯿـﺪ‬

Faculty of Engineering ‫ﻛﻠــﯿﺔ اﻟﮭــــﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬


Mechanical Power Eng. Dept. ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬

Mechanics of Machines
(MPE112)

1st Year Mechanical Power

Dr. Mohamed Hammam

2024
Lecture 10

Plane Kinetics of Rigid Bodies

Work and Energy method (1)


10-1 Work-Energy Relations
• Work energy method relates the forces and couples acting on a rigid body to its velocity directly instead of
acceleration.

• Work of forces acting on rigid bodies:

• The work done be a force F such that its point of action moved a displacement dr is given
by, as shown in Fig.10.1:

𝑈𝑈 = � 𝐹𝐹. 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = �(𝐹𝐹 cos 𝛼𝛼) 𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠 (1)

Fig. 10.1
• Work of a couples acting on rigid bodies :

• The work done be a couple M such that its line of action rated through an angle dθ is
given by, as shown in Fig.10.2:

𝑈𝑈 = � 𝑀𝑀. 𝑑𝑑𝜃𝜃 (2)

Fig. 10.2
10-2 Kinetic Energy
• For a translating body the Kinetic energy is given by, as shown in Fig.10.3:

1
𝑇𝑇 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑣𝑣 2 (3)
2
Fig. 10.3
• Where: m: is the mass of the body, and 𝑣𝑣 is the velocity of the body.

• For a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis o the Kinetic energy is given by, as shown in
Fig.10.4:

1
𝑇𝑇 = 𝐼𝐼0 𝜔𝜔2 (4)
2
Fig. 10.4

• Where: 𝐼𝐼0 : is the mass moment of inertia about point O, and 𝜔𝜔 is the angular velocity of the body.
For a general plane motion
• The kinetic energy for a general plane motion of a rigid body is given as shown in Fig.10.5 as:

1 1
𝑇𝑇 = 𝑚𝑚 𝑣𝑣𝐺𝐺2 + 𝐼𝐼𝐺𝐺 𝜔𝜔2 (5)
2 2

• Where: 𝑣𝑣𝐺𝐺 : is the linear velocity of the mass center, and 𝐼𝐼𝐺𝐺 is is the mass
moment of inertia about point G.

Fig. 10.5
10-3 Potential Energy
• There are two types of Potential Energy:

• 1- Gravitational Potential Energy (Vg ): is the work (mgh) done against the gravitational field to elevate the center
of mass of a body a distance h above some arbitrary reference plane (called a datum) as shown in Fig.10.6

𝑉𝑉𝑔𝑔 = 𝑊𝑊 ℎ (6)

• Where W: is the body weight acting at its center of mass, ℎ: is the vertical distance of the
body center of mass above the earth surface. Fig. 10.6
• 2 - Elastic Potential Energy (Ve ): is the work done against a spring or flexible surface of stiffness k, as shown in Fig.10.7.

1
𝑉𝑉𝑒𝑒 = ∫ 𝑘𝑘 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = k 𝑥𝑥 2
2 (7)

Fig. 10.7
• Where k: is the spring constant (stiffness), 𝑥𝑥: is the distance of the spring compression or tension.
10-4 Principal of Work and Energy
• For a rigid body moving from a state 1 to a state 2 the relation between the work done on the body and
its change in energy is given by:

𝑈𝑈1−2 = Δ𝑇𝑇 + Δ𝑉𝑉𝑔𝑔 + Δ𝑉𝑉𝑒𝑒 (8)


10-5 Power of a rigid body motion
• Power (P) is the time rate of work. If there is force F acting on the body such that the point of force action moves a velocity v
and if there is a couple M acting on the body such that the body rotates with an angular velocity ω, then the Power of the
body is

𝑃𝑃 = 𝐹𝐹. 𝑣𝑣 + 𝑀𝑀ω (9)


Problem 10-1
• The wheel rolls up the incline on its hubs without slipping and is pulled by the 100-N force applied to the cord wrapped
around its outer rim. If the wheel starts from rest, compute its angular velocity 𝜔𝜔 after its center has moved a distance of 3 m
up the incline. The wheel has a mass of 40 kg with center of mass at O and has a centroidal radius of gyration of 150 mm.
Determine the power input from the 100-N force at the end of the 3-m motion interval.

𝑈𝑈1−2 = Δ𝑇𝑇 + Δ𝑉𝑉𝑔𝑔 + Δ𝑉𝑉𝑒𝑒

𝑃𝑃 = 𝐹𝐹. 𝑣𝑣
10-6 References
Title Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics , chapter 6.
Authors James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige,

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