UW-11 UW-13 2013 SECTION VIII - DIVISION 1

(8) exemptions from radiographic examination for U-2(a)] shall establish the type of joint and the degree of
certain welds in nozzles and communicating chambers examination when the rules of this Division do not man-
as described in (2), (4), and (5) above take precedence date specific requirements. Rules for determining the ap-
over the radiographic requirements of Subsection C of this plicability of the efficiencies are found in the various
Division. paragraphs covering design equations [for example, see
(b) Spot Radiography. Except when spot radiography is UG-24(a) and UG-27]. For further guidance, see
required for Category B or C butt welds by (a)(5)(-b) Nonmandatory Appendix L.
above, butt welded joints made in accordance with Type (a) A value of E not greater than that given in column
No. (1) or (2) of Table UW-12 which are not required to (a) of Table UW-12 shall be used in the design calculations
be fully radiographed by (a) above, may be examined by for fully radiographed butt joints [see UW-11(a)], except
spot radiography. Spot radiography shall be in accordance that when the requirements of UW-11(a)(5) are not met,
with UW-52. If spot radiography is specified for the entire a value of E not greater than that given in column (b) of
vessel, radiographic examination is not required of Cate- Table UW-12 shall be used.
gory B and C butt welds in nozzles and communicating (b) A value of E not greater than that given in column
chambers that exceed neither NPS 10 (DN 250) nor (b) of Table UW-12 shall be used in the design calculations
11/8 in. (29 mm) wall thickness. for spot radiographed butt welded joints [see UW-11(b)].
NOTE: This requirement specifies spot radiography for butt welds of (c) A value of E not greater than that given in column
Type No. (1) or No. (2) that are used in a vessel, but does not preclude (c) of Table UW-12 shall be used in the design calculations
the use of fillet and/or corner welds permitted by other paragraphs,
for welded joints that are neither fully radiographed nor
such as for nozzle and manhole attachments, welded stays, flat heads,
etc., which need not be spot radiographed. spot radiographed [see UW-11(c)].
(d) Seamless vessel sections or heads shall be consid-
(c) No Radiography. Except as required in (a) above, no
ered equivalent to welded parts of the same geometry in
radiographic examination of welded joints is required
which all Category A welds are Type No. 1. For calculations
when the vessel or vessel part is designed for external
involving circumferential stress in seamless vessel sec-
pressure only, or when the joint design complies with
tions or for thickness of seamless heads, E = 1.0 when
UW-12(c).
the spot radiography requirements of UW-11(a)(5)(-b)
(d) Electrogas welds in ferritic materials with any single
are met. E = 0.85 when the spot radiography requirements
pass greater that 11/2 in. (38 mm) and electroslag welds in
of UW-11(a)(5)(-b) are not met, or when the Category A
ferritic materials shall be ultrasonically examined
or B welds connecting seamless vessel sections or heads
throughout their entire length in accordance with the re-
are Type No. 3, 4, 5, or 6 of Table UW-12.
quirements of Mandatory Appendix 12. This ultrasonic ex-
(e) Welded pipe or tubing shall be treated in the same
amination shall be done following the grain refining
manner as seamless, but with allowable tensile stress ta-
(austenitizing) heat treatment or postweld heat treatment.
ken from the welded product values of the stress tables,
(e) In addition to the requirements in (a) and (b) above,
and the requirements of (d) applied.
all welds made by the electron beam process shall be ul-
trasonically examined for their entire length in accordance (f) A value of E not greater than 0.80 may be used in the
with the requirements of Mandatory Appendix 12. equations of this Division for joints completed by any of
(f) When radiography is required for a welded joint in the pressure welding processes given in UW-27(a)(2), ex-
accordance with (a) and (b) above, and the weld is made cept for electric resistance welding, provided the welding
by the inertia and continuous drive friction welding pro- process used is permitted by the rules in the applicable
cesses, the welded joints shall also be ultrasonically exam- parts of Subsection C for the material being welded. The
in ed f o r t h ei r e n t ir e l en g t h i n ac co r d an ce w i t h quality of such welds used in vessels or parts of vessels
Mandatory Appendix 12. shall be proved as follows: Test specimens shall be repre-
(g) For radiographic and ultrasonic examination of butt sentative of the production welding on each vessel. They
welds, the definition of nominal thickness at the welded may be removed from the shell itself or from a prolonga-
joint under consideration shall be the nominal thickness tion of the shell including the longitudinal joint, or, in the
of the thinner of the two parts joined. Nominal thickness case of vessels not containing a longitudinal joint, from a
is defined in 3-2. test plate of the same material and thickness as the vessel
and welded in accordance with the same procedure. One
UW-12 JOINT EFFICIENCIES reduced‐section tension test and two side‐bend tests shall
be made in accordance with, and shall meet the require-
Table UW-12 gives the joint efficiencies E to be used in
ments of QW‐150 and QW‐160, Section IX.
the equations of this Division for joints completed by an
arc or gas welding process. Except as required by
UW-11(a)(5), a joint efficiency depends only on the type UW-13 ATTACHMENT DETAILS
of joint and on the degree of examination of the joint
(a) Definitions
and does not depend on the degree of examination of
any other joint. The User or his designated agent [see t h = nominal thickness of head

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 Table UW-12
Maximum Allowable Joint Efficiencies for Arc and Gas Welded Joints
Degree of Radiographic
Examination
(a) Full (b) Spot (c)
Type No. Joint Description Limitations Joint Category [Note (1)] [Note (2)] None
(1) Butt joints as attained by double welding or by None A, B, C & D 1.00 0.85 0.70
other means which will obtain the same
quality of deposited weld metal on the inside
and outside weld surfaces to agree with the
requirements of UW 35. Welds using metal
backing strips which remain in place are
excluded.
(2) Single welded butt joint with backing strip (a) None except as in (b) below A, B, C & D 0.90 0.80 0.65
other than those included under (1) (b)Circumferential butt joints with one plate offset; see A, B & C 0.90 0.80 0.65
UW 13(b)(4) and Figure UW 13.1, sketch (i)
Circumferential butt joints only, not over 5/8 in. (16 mm)

2013 SECTION VIII - DIVISION 1

(3) Single welded butt joint without use of backing A, B & C NA NA 0.60
strip thick and not over 24 in. (600 mm) outside diameter
(4) Double full fillet lap joint (a) Longitudinal joints not over 3/8 in. (10 mm) thick A NA NA 0.55
(b) Circumferential joints not over 5/8 in. (16 mm) thick B & C [Note (3)] NA NA 0.55
(5) Single full fillet lap joints with plug welds (a) Circumferential joints [Note (4)] for attachment of heads B NA NA 0.50
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conforming to UW 17 not over 24 in. (600 mm) outside diameter to shells not
over 1/2 in. (13 mm) thick
(b) Circumferential joints for the attachment to shells of C NA NA 0.50
jackets not over 5/8 in. (16 mm) in nominal thickness
where the distance from the center of the plug weld to the
edge of the plate is not less than 11/2 times the diameter of
the hole for the plug.
(6) Single full fillet lap joints without plug welds (a) For the attachment of heads convex to pressure to shells A&B NA NA 0.45
not over 5/8 in. (16 mm) required thickness, only with use
of fillet weld on inside of shell; or
(b) for attachment of heads having pressure on either side, A&B NA NA 0.45
to shells not over 24 in. (600 mm) inside diameter and
not over 1/4 in. (6 mm) required thickness with fillet weld
on outside of head flange only
(7) Corner joints, full penetration, partial As limited by Figure UW 13.2 and Figure UW 16.1 C & D [Note (5)] NA NA NA
penetration, and/or fillet welded
(8) Angle joints Design per U 2(g) for Category B and C joints B, C & D NA NA NA

GENERAL NOTES:
(a) The single factor shown for each combination of joint category and degree of radiographic examination replaces both the stress reduction factor and the joint efficiency
factor considerations previously used in this Division.
(b) E = 1.0 for butt joints in compression.

UW-13
 UW-13
Table UW-12
Maximum Allowable Joint Efficiencies for Arc and Gas Welded Joints (Cont'd)
NOTES:
(1) See UW 12(a) and UW 51.
(2) See UW 12(b) and UW 52.
(3) For Type No. 4 Category C joint, limitation not applicable for bolted flange connections.
(4) Joints attaching hemispherical heads to shells are excluded.
(5) There is no joint efficiency E in the design equations of this Division for Category C and D corner joints. When needed, a value of E not greater than 1.00 may be used.

2013 SECTION VIII - DIVISION 1

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