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GENESIS
(Post Graduation Medical orientation Centre)
Exam : Biostatistics (Exam Batch January'25)
Course: FCPS Part-1 Discipline: Surgery & Allied
Batch: Online P-1 Surgery Exam Plus Batch-3 Jan'2025
Year: 2025 Session: January'25 P-1 Candidate
1. Statement favors cross sectional study-
a) Single time data collection at different point of time
b) No follow-up
c) May be descriptive
d) May be analytic
e) Longitudinal
FTTTF

Explanation:
a) One point of time
e) No follow-up no repeated data collection, single time data collection on a cross section of
population
### Longitudinal study –F/U & data collection at more than one point of time.###

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-66]

2. Null Hypothesis-
a) Hypothesis of difference
b) No association between 2 or more sample statistics
c) Statement of equality
d) Observed difference/association has happened by chance
e) Fate of HA Will determine the fate of Ho
FTTTF

Explanation:
a) NO difference
b) Fate of Null Hypothesis (Ho)will determine the fate of Alternative Hypothesis (HA)

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-196]

3. Meta analysis-
3. Meta analysis-
a) High power study than review article
b) Combines the results of several studies addressing different research questions
c) Result is more powerful and objective
d) Medical books are outcome of meta-analysis
e) There is no value of it without observing other previous studies
TFTTF

Explanation:
b) Same research questions
e) It has value without observing other previous studies

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-175]

4. Raw materials of statistics -

a) Hypertension
b) Body weight
c) Age
d) Sex
e) Severe pain
TFFFT

5. In hypothesis testing type-I error is-

a) Incorrect rejection of null hypothesis
b) False positive conclusion
c) Missing no significant difference
d) Incorrect acceptance of null hypothesis
e) Acceptance of null hypothesis when it is false
TTTFF

d) Incorrect acceptance of null hypothesis type -II error

e) Acceptance of null hypothesis when it is false type-II error

[Ref : ABC of Research Methodology and biostatics/4th /P-208]

6. Regarding variable:
a) Independent variable doesn’t influence the outcome variable
b) Smoking acts as dependent variable to Ca Lung
c) Qualitative numerical values may not be meaningful
d) Numeric discrete variable can be converted into nominal variables

e) Discrete variables are sometimes expressed in fractions

 e) Discrete variables are sometimes expressed in fractions
FFTTF

a) Independent variable influences the outcome variable

b) Smoking acts as independent variable to Ca Lung
e) Discrete variables are never expressed in fractions
[Ref: ABC of Biostat/Variable]

7. Scales of Measurement include

a) Nominal
b) Bivarient
c) Addition
d) Ratio
e) Division
TFFTF

(Ref: ABC of Research Methodology 3rd/P-13)

8. Quantitative Data is presented by

a) Pictogram
b) Stem & Leaf plot
c) Cumulative frequency curve
d) Map Diagram
e) Pie Chart
FTTFF
[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-51]

9. Advantages of median-
a) Simplicity
b) Ignore most of the information
c) Good for ordinal data
d) Good for numerical skewed data
e) Require ranking of the scores
TFTTF

Explanation:
B+E=Disadvantages of median

[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology & Biostatistics/4th/P-151]

10. Which is true about descriptive study?

a) No comparison group
b) Good control on confounders
c) Not concerned with cause-effect relationship
d) Hypothesis generating
e) Start with testable hypothesis
TFTTF

Good control on confounders and start with testable hypothesis

Analytical study

[Ref: ABC Biostatics/4th/P-70]

11. Normal distribution curve-

a) Elliptical in shape
b) Mean +/- SD score 65% observations
c) Distribution is not symmetrical
d) Bilateral symmetry
e) Maximum value lies in the middle around the mean.
FFFTT

Explanation:
a) Bell shaped
b) 50%
c) symmetrical
[ Ref: ABC of research methodology ]

12. Criteria of student's t test are

a) Sample size less than 30
b) Randomly selected sample
c) Normal distribution
d) Used in Qualitative Test
e) Applied to find out mean among three groups
TTTFF

[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology/3rd/P-265]

13. In case of qualitative data -

a) Test ANOVA
b) Chi-square test
c) Box plot
d) Dot-plot
e) Logistic regression
FTFFT

Explanation
1) For Qualitative data: -Chi square test -Fisher's exact test -proportion test -
Spearman's rank correlation test
2) For Quantitative test: - T-test -F-test (ANOVA test) -MWU test (Mann Whitney U
test) -WRS test -Pearson's correlation coefficient test

[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology & Biostatistics/4th/P-115]

14. Performance of Diagnostic test is measured by
a) Accuracy
b) Sensitivity
c) Specificity
d) Validity
e) Ratio
TTTTF

[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology/3rd/P-248]

15. Regarding “Quantitative research” which are true?

a) Generate hypothesis
b) Large sample needed
c) Conclusive
d) Test hypothesis
e) Tentative
TFTTT

a) Does not generate hypothesis

e) Definitive
[Ref: ABC of Biostat/Research]

16. What are the source of primary data?

a) Counting
b) Experienced
c) Survey
d) Census
e) Newspaper
TTTTF

e) Secondary data
[Ref: ABC of Biostat/Data]

17. What are true about bar chart?

a) It displays qualitative data and continuous data
b) X-axis contains categories
c) Y-axis contains frequency
d) Spacing of data indicates that the data is continuous
e) Scale break never used
 e) Scale break never used
FTTFT

a) It displays discrete data

d) Spacing of data indicates data is discontinuous

[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology & Biostatistics/4th/P-59]

18. What are the characteristics feature of prospective study -

a) Reliable
b) Less bias
c) Weak evidence of causality
d) Laborious
e) Quick result
TTFTF

c + e) Retrospective study
[Ref: ABC of Biostat/Research]

19. All are the example of non –interventional study

a) Case study
b) Clinical trial
c) Community survey
d) Surveillance
e) Case series
TFTTT

b) Clinical trial/RCT- interventional study

20. Following are the features of case control study-

a) Observational
b) Analytical
c) Cross sectional
d) Forward looking
e) Longitudinal
TTFFT

c) Not cross sectional. Done with comparison of 2 groups- cases & controls.
d) Backward looking/Retrospective
[Ref: ABC of Biostat/Research]
21. What are the classic features of randomized controlled trial ?

a) Interventional
b) Randomization
c) Not blinding
d) Retrospective
e) Longitudinal
TTFFT

Explanation
RCT-Blinding , prospective ,analytical ,controlled

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-94]

22. To avoid observer bias, binding may be applied to

a) Clinical trial
b) Cohort study
c) Case control study
d) Case study
e) Case series
TTTFF

23. Selective sampling technique includes-

a) Incidental sampling
b) Opportunity sampling
c) Consecutive sampling
d) Area sampling
e) Block sampling
TTTFF

Selective sampling means non random

Sampling /non probability sampling

[Ref: ABC Biostatics/4th/P-112]

24. Multi stage sampling is good for

a) Large population
b) Widely dispersed population
c) Community survey
 c) Community survey
d) Hospital base study
e) Hard to find population

TTTFF

Multistage sampling is good when-

Population is too large & sampling frame not available
population is widely dispersed
Study needs wide coverage like- community survey

25. What are the statistical tool for measures of locations

a) Measures of central tendency
b) Centile
c) Decile
d) Quartile
e) Standard deviation
TTTTF

Standard deviation are measures of dispersion

[Ref: ABC Biostatics/4th/P-149]

26. Which of the following is bivariate data analysis?

a) t Test
b) Simple Regression
c) Z test
d) Logistic Regression
e) Multiple Regression
B

Explanation
Regression-Association /Relation ship between dependent & Independent variable
b) Bivariate regression
d)+e) Multivariate

[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology & Biostatistics/4th/P-279]

27. Small at the beginning but becomes bigger, One eligible person is first identified
and then his help is taken to identify others he knows. It is also simple, cost
effective but less representative sampling is –
a) Judgment sampling
b) Multistage sampling
 b) Multistage sampling
c) Multiphase sampling

d) Snow ball sampling

e) Cluster sampling
D

Explanation:
All are the criteria of snow ball sampling.
Subject Selected by researchers judgment.
Stages are determined depending on area, data collected at last stage/bottom.
Phages are created by characteristics of subjects & data collected in every phase.
Gradually Increased in size
Population divided into small cluster & cluster selected by lottery

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-120]

28. P value = 0.05 means

a) Probability of correct result are 5 times out of 100 times
b) Probability of correct result are 95 times out of 100 times
c) P < 0.05 – More chance of sampling error
d) P ≥ 0.05 – Increased reality
e) P ≥ 0.05 – Null Hypothesis is rejected
B

Explanation:
a) Incorrect result
c) Less chance of sampling error
d) P ≥ 0.05 →↓ Reality
P ≤ 0.05 →↑ Reality
e) P > 0.05 → Null Hypothesis accepted

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-189]

29. In which study design “natures affects the outcome?

a) Case control study
b) CT
c) RCT
d) CIT
e) Quasi experimental study
A
Explanation
All observation study –Nature affects the outcome

All experimental study –Researcher’s affects the outcome

[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology & Biostatistics/4th/P-68]

30. Which sampling method is good for heterogenous populations?

a) Stratified random sampling
b) Cluster sampling
c) Multiphase sampling
d) Multistage sampling
e) Judgmental sampling
A

Stratified sampling works best when a heterogeneous population is split into fairly homogeneous
groups. Under these conditions, stratification generally produces more precise estimates of the
population percent’s than estimates that would be found from a simple random sample.
[Ref: ABC of Biostat/Sampling]

31. Odds ratio (OR) is used for risk measurement in which type of study design?
a) Cohort study
b) Clinical trial
c) RCT
d) Case control study
e) Quasi Experimental study
D

Explanation:
OR : Case control study & cross sectional study
RR : Cohort study & clinical trial.

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-228]

32. A rare metabolic disorder causes severe mental retardation if left untreated. If the
disease is detected & treated soon after birth, it prevents mental retardation.
Which of the following characteristics would be most desirable in a screening test
for this disease?
a) High sensitivity
b) High specificity
c) Positive predictive value
d) Negative predictive value
 d) Negative predictive value
e) None
A

Explanation:
High sensitivity is the single best essential for screening test.
Ability of a test to correctly diagnose the individual with the disease.

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-249]

33. All are the stages of randomized controlled except

a) Enrollment
b) Allocation
c) Follow up
d) Block
e) Analysis
D

[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology & Biostatistics/4th/P-94]

34. Which type of blinding is most community used in clinical trial

34. Which type of blinding is most community used in clinical trial
a) Single blind
b) Double blind
c) Triple blind
d) Quadrable blind
e) All above
B

[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology & Biostatistics/4th/P-98]

35. Placebo is known to the patient in which clinical trials?

a) Open trial
b) Single blind trial
c) Double blind trial
d) Triple blind trial
e) None
A

Open clinical trial

Clinical trial without blinding.
e) g. Comparison between radical mastectomy and simple mastectomy.
Blinding is difficult to ensure in surgical trial but after operation an assessor may be engaged who
will be kept blinded
[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology and biostatics/4th /P-101]

36. . In which study bias is least-

a) Case series
b) RCT
c) Cohort study
d) Case control study
e) Cross sectional study
B

Explanation:
The study, where bias is less, the strength of study is more

Bias Strength
1. RCT (↓↓↓↓↓) ↑↑↑↑↑ (Highest)
2. Cohort Study (↓↓↓↓) ↑↑↑↑
2. Cohort Study (↓↓↓↓) ↑↑↑↑
3. Case Control study (↓↓↓) ↑↑↑
4. Cross Sectional study (↓↓) ↑↑
5. Case series (↓) Lowest ↑

[Ref. ABC of Research Methodology 4th/P-92]

37. Sampling error is synonymous with-

a) Standard deviation
b) Standard error
c) Systemic error
d) By chance
e) Variance
D

Explanation: Sampling error is synonymous with

1. By chance
2. Sampling variation
3. Random error

[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology & Biostatistics/4th/P-111]

38. Median of data set is indicated by

a) Percentile 40 (P40)
b) Decile 3 (D3)
c) Quartile 2 (Q2)
d) Percentile 60 (P60)
e) Quartile 3 (Q3)
C

Explanation:
Medium value of a data set = P50 =D5 =Q2

39. In which sampling techniques, total population is divided into small groups , every
group represent a mini version of total population-
a) Purposive sampling
 a) Purposive sampling
b) Multistage sampling
c) Snow ball sampling
d) Multiphase sampling
e) Cluster sampling
E

Explanation:
a) Choice of the researcher on the basis of some predetermined criteria
b) Area sampling, sample collected at bottom
c) Gradually increased in size
d) Phases are determined by characteristics of study subject. Sample collected at every phase

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-116]

40. Statistics is the science that deals with the collection, organization, analysis, and
interpretation of:
a) Sample
b) Population
c) Variables
d) Data
e) Study subject
D

Data refers to information about a variable, which is collected, organized, analyzed, and
interpreted in statistics.

41. You are performing a study of blood pressure reading in patients with CKD. Study
results are normally distributed, what percentage of values lie within three
standard deviations of the mean blood pressure reading-
a) 95%
b) 97%
c) 99%
d) 90%
e) 68%
C

Explanation:
Mean ± 1SD range contains 68% values of total data
Mean ± 1.65 SD range contain 90% values of total data
Mean ± 2SD range contain 95% values of total data
Mean +3SD range contain 99% values of total data
Mean +3SD range contain 99% values of total data

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-166]

42. In this data set 1,2,4,8,2,6,9,10,8,12,2,13,8,5,6,8,10 calculate the mode-

a) 2
b) 5
c) 6
d) 8
e) 10
D

Explanation:
Mode-Most frequent and repeated values observed in a data set
In this data set “8” is the most frequent & repeated value

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-150]

43. In the dataset 1,3,11,13,19,21,18,15,14,20 calculate the median -

a) 13
b) 14
c) 14.5
d) 15
e) 15.5
C

Explanation: Median =
Middle most value in data set.
Data set values are even number so mean of middle two value is the median data arranged in
Ascending order.

44. Coeliac disease is rare disease in your country. It has a long latent period. You want
to do a study on coeliac disease. Which study design you will prefer-
a) Case control study
b) Cohort study
c) Cross sectional study
d) RCT
e) All
A

Explanation:
Cohort study® Rare exposure, measure incidence, multiple outcome
Cross sectional study®Generate hypothesis , good for prevalence study
RCT® Randomization is the beauty of RCT

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-66]

45. Square root of mean squared deviation of individual values from central value,
means square root of variance is-
a) Inter quartile range
b) Inter decile range
c) Standard deviation
d) Variance
e) Range
C

Explanation:
Definition of standard deviation
Variance = (SD) 2
SD =√variance

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-159]

46. A 70-year-old smoker has been suffering from lung cancer. Now presented with
hemoptysis. Here lung cancer is-
a) Independent variable
b) Dependent variable
c) Intervening variable
d) Extraneous variable
e) Exposure variable
C

Explanation:
Independent variable®intervening-Dependent
Smoking® Ca-Lung-Hemoptysis

[Ref: ABC Biostatistics/4th/P-10]

47. Sampling frame is must in which type of sampling?

a) Simple random sampling
b) Systemic random sampling
c) Stratified random sampling
d) Cluster sampling
e) Multistage sampling
A
A

Explanation
a) Sampling unit is selected randomly from sampling frame by lottery or random number table in
case of Simple random sampling. Sampling frame is a must here
b+c) SF may be present but not must

[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology & Biostatistics/4th/P-113]

48. Which of the following study is called hypothesis generation study?

a) Case Control Study
b) Cohort study
c) Cross sectional study
d) RCT
e) Analytical study
C

[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology & Biostatistics/4th/P-87]

49. You are working in a research group. You planned to do a research about crime rate
of Dhaka city over last 5 years .What type of study will be this
a) Longitudinal and prospective
b) Longitudinal and retrospective
c) Cross sectional and prospective
d) Cross sectional and prospective
e) All above
B

[Ref: ABC of Research Methodology & Biostatistics/4th/P-66]

50. Which type of error is equivalent to false negative conclusions

a) Type-I error
b) Type-II error
c) Type-III error
d) Type IV error
e) All above
 e) All above
B

Type-I error: False positive conclusion

Type-II error: False negative conclusion

[Ref: ABC Biostatics/4th/P-208]