NeuroQuantology| October 2022 | Volume 20 | Issue 13 | Page 3600-3607| doi: 10.14704/nq.2022.20.13.

NQ88440
Sheetal Phatangare / A Solution to Waste Management with Autonomous Smart Dustbin

A Solution to Waste Management withAutonomous Smart Dustbin

Sheetal Phatangare, Vedhas Talnikar, Siddhant Tambatkar, Riya Tambe, Sumit Tambe, Abaan Tamboli, Atharva Tandel

Department of Engineering, Sciences and Humanities (DESH)

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, 411037, Maharashtra, India
3600
Abstract — Effective waste management using technology
is beneficial for society. It maintains sanitization and We had also planned for our intelligent trash can to be
avoids diseases to breed in. With the intelligent dustbin, self-driving. However, a stimulator is helping us to
there won't be spoilage if placed in public places. A smart accomplish this..
dustbin is a more eco-friendly solution reducing
overflowing bins and ensuring community safety. The Literature survey
smart dustbin is a carefully designed solution that solves
the social issue of waste disposal.This Smart dustbin will To understand the need for a cost-effective and scalable
detect the motion of a person who is near the dustbin with system, and before providing our solution, we need to first
the help of a PIR sensor. And the lid of the smart Dustbin understand the existing research and work done in the
will open and the trash can be thrown in the dustbin. The field. There have been numerous systems of garbage
status is shown by LEDs which are fitted outside of the collection. One of the papers proposed a system that
box with help of ultrasonic sensors. When the status is full consisted of the ultrasonic sensor to measure the waste
of trash bins, a message is sent to the authority of waste level, the GSM module to send the SMS, and an Arduino
management through the GSM module. Then the authority Uno which controls the system operation. When the trash
can clean the trash bin. This system will help to monitor can is full or about full, it is supposed to generate and send
the garbage collection and will helps to make the SMS warning messages to the municipality so that the
environment clean, and safe. trash can be picked up right away. The other one was the
project started to work when people is coming near the
Keywords – Waste management, Digital Dustbin, PIR dustbin to throw garbage where it will be detected by the
Sensor, Ultrasonic Sensors, Arduino UNO, GSM module . ultrasonic sensor and the motor will be open the cover of
the dustbin. The garbage level inside can be seen through
the Blynk Apps. A reminder notification alerting the
INTRODUCTION cleaning department that the trash bin is about to be full
will be issued once the level of trash reaches a specified
Our nation currently has a serious problem with trash threshold. The next one was this proposed technology we
management. The Smart Dustbin provides a solution to have designed a smart dustbin using ARDUINO UNO,
issues with waste management. This project uses a servo along with an ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and battery
motor, PIR sensor, and ultrasonic sensor to create a low- jumper wire. With the use of an ultrasonic sensor, the next
cost smart garbage can. The idea is really straightforward proposed system may determine the level of rubbish, and a
to understand and apply. In smart cities, smart trash cans notification will be sent to the designated agency for
will be crucial. In India, the idea of a smart city is still garbage collection through the GSM system.IR sensor is
relatively new. A wise lifestyle starts with cleanliness, used to detect the motion of the people when they come
and cleanliness starts with a trash can. Only if dustbins are near the garbage bin. if the status garbage level is full, the
strategically put and collected in well-prepared areas will buzzer will let us know that and it can't allow us to throw
society have its garbage appropriately distributed. any more garbage in the trash bin. The GSM and sensors
Utilizing intelligent garbage collection bins and systems used are interfaced through the Arduino microcontroller.
with fill-level sensors saves time and money. The message is sent through the GSM which is to be
It's crucial to have a solid waste management system. We received in the control room and displayed on the LCD
have advanced in the majority of fields, thus it is time to and the authorized person will inform the agency to clean
focus on sanitization. We can also stop the spread of the trash bin. The last proposed system is an intelligent
infections if we can find a technique to stop the device equipped with RFID, LCD, Ultrasonic sensor,
overflowing rubbish can. The model for the smart trash servo motor, and microcontroller. It senses the person’s
can should be simple, easy to use, less complicated, and presence by their motion and accepts the RFID input from
smart as well. The model we've suggested fulfills all the user On a serial LCD that is located on the front side of
requirements. We looked at previously the trash can

developed technologies and attempted to address their

drawbacks, such as the absence of autonomous movement.

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NeuroQuantology| October 2022 | Volume 20 | Issue 13 | Page 3600-3607| doi: 10.14704/nq.2022.20.13.NQ88440
Sheetal Phatangare / A Solution to Waste Management with Autonomous Smart Dustbin

I. METHODOLOGY
Paper study Limitations
we are solving Everything is becoming more intelligently
technological, safe, and hygienic for the benefit of
SMART This smart The system people. Thus, using technology contributes to keeping
DUSTBIN USING dustbin doesn’t address the environment clean and safe. Since it is a sensor-
ARDUINO management the problem of based autonomous dustbin, anyone of any age might
system is built filled garbage easily reach and operate it. Using an IoT-enabled solid
on the
microcontroller-
levels. waste management system, this project's overall goal is
to help municipal corporations and garbage collector 3601
based system
having ultrasonic contractors efficiently monitor and collect solid waste
sensors on the from trash cans in their territory. It will function as a
dustbin dynamic service.

Smart Garbage Their take on Local area A. Materials:

Monitoring smart dustbin networks are
System for included that the often devised Hardware Requirements:
Waste percentage of within a building
Management dust is given to or apartment
Arduino complex and ▪ Arduino UNO
Ethernet shield cannot be
which transmits stretched to a ▪ Ultrasonic Sensor
the data to LAN bigger area.
▪ PIR sensor
server
▪ Arduino Bluetooth module HC-05
DEVELOPMENT This system is The dustbin is
OF SMART implemented so not movable. ▪ Motor driver module L298n
DUSTBIN BY that cleaning Cannot be ▪
USING APPS
department accessed from a GSM Module
management or distance.
cleaners can be ▪ Servomotor
aware of the
▪ DC motor and wheels
overflow of
rubbish from a ▪ LED’s
dustbin at certain
places ▪ Cables and connectors

Smart Dustbin- The system used in It is an slightly ▪ Jumper wires

“An Intelligent this research paper expensive circuit ▪ DC Adapter and jack
Approach to is equipped with has a high power
multiple things like
Fulfill Swatchh
RFID, LCD,
consumption. ▪ Batteries and battery holder
Bharat Mission” ultrasonic sensors,
servo motor and ▪ Breadboards
microcontroller. It
senses the person's Software Requirements:
presence and
accepts the RFID
input from the user
∙ Arduino Compiler/ Arduino IDE
and also displays
the name of the ∙ Programming language: C
person on the
serial LCD situated
at the front side of
the dustbin.
Table1: Literature survey

the name of the person is also displayed. Once the identity

of the person is detected, the servo motor opens the door
of the dustbin until the person leaves that place. The
presence of the person is detected by an ultrasonic sensor.
The user receives the reward points from the GSM
attached inside the trash can once the entire operation is
finished. If the dustbin is fully loaded then the dustbin will
turn on the RED led attached which is attached and sends
a message to the authority for cleaning. this was all about
the literature review that was done.

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NeuroQuantology| October 2022 | Volume 20 | Issue 13 | Page 3600-3607| doi: 10.14704/nq.2022.20.13.NQ88440
Sheetal Phatangare / A Solution to Waste Management with Autonomous Smart Dustbin

sensors use a change in infrared radiation across the

sensor's polarity to detect the presence of people.

● Arduino Bluetooth module HC-05:

● Arduino:

3602

Fig4: HC-05 Bluetooth module

A straightforward Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol)

module, the HC-05 Bluetooth Module is made for setting
up transparent wireless serial connections. It
communicates using serial transmission, which makes
interacting with a controller or PC simple.

Fig1: Arduino UNO and its features.

An Arduino is a unit of open source software, computer

hardware, and programming organization. Additionally, it
is utilized in projects and user groups that design and
create single-board microcontrollers. Microcontroller
components for creating cutting-edge devices or intelligent ▪ Motor driver module L298n:
products that can identify and restrict objects in both the
real world and the digital one. One of the microcontroller
boards is the Arduino Uno (Fig1). It has six input/output
pins that can be used as PWM outputs, a power jack, six
analog inputs, a USB port, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, an
ICSP header, and a reset button. It also has a 16 MHz
crystal oscillator. The microcontroller Arduino UNO is the Fig5: Motor driver module L298n
best, which comes equipped with all the necessary
features. The high-power motor driver in this L298N-based motor
driver module is ideal for driving DC motors and stepper
● Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) : motors. It makes use of the well-known L298 motor driver
IC and includes an internal 5V regulator that it can utilize
to power an external circuit. It has the ability to direct and
speed-control up to 4 DC motors or 2 DC motors.

▪ GSM Module :
Fig2: Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04)

The pin names for the 4-pin Ultrasonic (US) sensor

module are VCC, Trigger, Echo, and Ground, respectively.
This detector could be used in a variety of situations when
measuring distance or detecting things is necessary.

● PIR sensor:

Fig6: GSM 800A

A customized Global System for Mobile Communication

Fig3: PIR sensor (GSM) module is created for Short Messaging Service
wireless radiation monitoring (SMS). This module may
For indoor applications, passive infrared (PIR) sensors are send text SMS data to a host server after receiving serial
frequently employed to detect human presence. PIR data from radiation monitoring devices like survey meters
and area monitors.

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NeuroQuantology| October 2022 | Volume 20 | Issue 13 | Page 3600-3607| doi: 10.14704/nq.2022.20.13.NQ88440
Sheetal Phatangare / A Solution to Waste Management with Autonomous Smart Dustbin

B. Method :

This was all the basic introductory information about the

sensors and the modules we have used in our project.
Using these components we have designed the circuit for
the features like sensing the human being to open the lid, 3603
garbage level monitoring to stop overflowing of garbage,
and its display using LEDs and text SMS using GSM, and
a Bluetooth-controlled moving base to move dustbin with Fig8: PIR sensor working
no touch. Features:
We have divided the design of our project ▪ Operating voltage: +5V
into three parts. The first part addresses the features based ▪ Theoretical Measuring Distance: 20 cm to 2 m
on sensing like motion sensing, lid opening, garbage level ▪ Practical Measuring Distance: 50cm
monitoring and its display, and communication with the ▪ Accuracy: 3mm
monitor using SMS. The second part addresses the feature ▪ Measuring angle covered: <180°
of remote control using Bluetooth. And the third part ▪ Operating Current: <60mA
addresses the simulation of a self-driving robot i.e. how ▪ Operating Frequency: 50Hz
we can train a neural network on the basis of data we will
get through the simulator. Using an ultrasonic sensor we are
detecting the filled garbage level in the dustbin. A total of
four LEDs are present on the front side of the dustbin,
1] sensing the environment and communication: which will help in garbage level monitoring. The
ultrasonic sensor will measure the space between the
garbage and the sensor.

Flowchart:

Fig9: Ultrasonic sensor working

Distance = speed of sound * Time

2
Features:
▪ Operating voltage: +5V
▪ Theoretical Measuring Distance: 2cm to 450cm
▪ Practical Measuring Distance: 1cm to 40cm
▪ Accuracy: 3mm
▪ Measuring angle covered: <20°
▪ Operating Current: <15mA
▪ Operating Frequency: 40Hz

According to the measurements, if the dustbin is empty,

no LED will turn on. After this, the LEDs will be turned
on one by one as the garbage starts filling. If the dustbin is
full of garbage all LEDs will glow. We have connected the
GSM 800a to the same circuit of LEDs. As soon as the
Fig7: Flowchart fourth LED glows, the GSM will be initiated. Here the
GSM module can be used to send a text SMS or make a
Here, we are using an Arduino to run the code, and a PIR call with a specific message such as “ The Dustbin Is Full
sensor to sense the environment and detect the motion. ” to a registered mobile number. It also makes the sound
The PIR sensor will open the lid using a servo motor and when notification comes. We can specify the contact
wait for a little period of time. number in the code.

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NeuroQuantology| October 2022 | Volume 20 | Issue 13 | Page 3600-3607| doi: 10.14704/nq.2022.20.13.NQ88440
Sheetal Phatangare / A Solution to Waste Management with Autonomous Smart Dustbin

3604

Fig11: circuit diagram for remote control

Following is a detailed description of the connection of

Fig10: Circuit diagram for the first part sensors or modules made with the Arduino pins:

Following is a detailed description of the connection of

sensors or modules made with the Arduino pins: Name of the Pins of the Arduino pins
sensor/ module hardware
Name of the Pins of the Arduino pins Motor shield IN1 8
sensor/ module hardware IN2 9
PIR sensor VCC 3.3v IN3 10
GND GND IN4 11
OUT 4 Power pins
Ultrasonic VCC 5v -Connect to the
Sensor GND GND power supply
ECHO 13 HC-05 Tx Rx
TRIG 12 Rx Tx
GSM module TX 2 GND GND
RX 3 5v 5v
Servo motor VCC 5v Motor Connected to the
motor shield
GND GND
SIGNAL 5
LED -ve pins GND
LED1 5 Table 3: pin description for remote controlling
LED2 +ve pins 6
LED3 7
LED4 8 3] Self-driving robot simulation model for dust bin:

Table 2: pin description for sensors HARDWARE:

● RAM - 16 GB
2] Remote control using Bluetooth: ● Operating System - OS X - 10.13.3
● Hard disk size - 1 TB
Using another Arduino with a Bluetooth module, motor SOFTWARE:
driver shield, and DC motors we have designed a circuit to ● Python
operate the smart dustbin remotely. Here we have used the ● Unity 3D
HC-05 Bluetooth module to establish communication with ● Keras (Tensorflow Backend)
Arduino and a controlling device. We are using a mobile ● Anaconda
phone application as a controlling device. The high-power ● Open CV
motor driver in this L298N-based motor driver module is
ideal for driving DC motors and stepper motors. . It has Along with the remote
the ability to direct and speed-control up to 4 DC motors controlling of the dustbin using Bluetooth, we have also
or 2 DC motors. We have connected a total of two DC studied the autonomous nature of a car and how we can
motors with the motor driver circuit. Because of this, the train the convolutional neural network(CNN) in a
robot can move forward, backward, left, and right. simulator. The same model can be applied to our smart
dustbin to make it a self-driving vehicle. Self-driving
automobiles have attracted a lot of attention over the last
ten years. Deep neural networks are trained to carry out
activities that traditionally need human interaction, thanks
to advancements in deep learning. CNN’s are helpful in

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NeuroQuantology| October 2022 | Volume 20 | Issue 13 | Page 3600-3607| doi: 10.14704/nq.2022.20.13.NQ88440
Sheetal Phatangare / A Solution to Waste Management with Autonomous Smart Dustbin

the field of computer vision because they employ models RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
to find patterns and characteristics in images. These
include, but are not limited to, image captioning, object With the given methodology we have achieved the
detection, and image classification. following results:
In order to drive the car
autonomously, we trained a CNN in this experiment using
photos taken by a simulated car. The CNN creates steering
predictions by extracting distinctive elements from the
photos, enabling the automobile to operate autonomously. 3605
For testing purposes and preparing the dataset the Unity-
based simulator provided by Udacity was used. This
simulator, which was created in Unity and was previously
open-sourced [6], was utilized by Udacity for its Self-
Driving Nanodegree program. It imitates the simulation
work done by NVIDIA. All of our data can be gathered
from the simulator. The fact that this simulator may be
utilized for both training and model testing is another
significant feature. It, therefore, has two modes: training
mode and autonomous mode. First, we will collect data
from training mode, and then the collected data will be
used to train the CNN model.
Fig14: Smart dustbin

First of all, the dustbin Is using a PIR sensor that emits

infrared radiation to detect the heat radiation coming from
anybody. The motion from such bodies will effect in the
opening of the lid of the smart dustbin.

Fig12: Udacity simulator modes.

The study conducted by NVIDIA for their autonomous car

serves as the foundation for the deep learning model we
created. following crucial layers are included in the model: Fig15: Lid opening after the motion detection
Convolutional Layer, Max Pooling Layer, and Dense
Layer. This function is working properly in the model we have
built. Then the ultrasonic sensor measures the level of
garbage filled in the dustbin and according to that, the
lights will be turned on one by one. As soon as the fourth
LED glows the GSM module is sending the SMS to the
registered mobile number.

Fig13: Training mode.

II.

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NeuroQuantology| October 2022 | Volume 20 | Issue 13 | Page 3600-3607| doi: 10.14704/nq.2022.20.13.NQ88440
Sheetal Phatangare / A Solution to Waste Management with Autonomous Smart Dustbin

Fig18: Training vs validation

This conduct continues. The model has been retrained, and

the car now drives considerably more smoothly.

3606

Fig19: Autonomous mode.

Fig16: Received SMS from the GSM module.

Also, the dustbin can be controlled by the Bluetooth

controller application On the mobile phone. The dustbin Previous Limitation Our solution
can be moved in all four directions.
The system doesn’t address We have used LEDs to
the problem of filled display the filled garbage
garbage levels. level also the GSM module
to text the SMS
Local area networks are often We are using GSM instead
devised within a building or of a LAN server
apartment complex and cannot
be stretched to a bigger area.

The dustbin is not movable. We have used a Bluetooth

Cannot be accessed from a controller to access the
distance. dustbin remotely with no
touch.
It is an slightly expensive By making two
Fig17: Bluetooth controller. circuit has a high power independent circuits , we
consumption. have lowered the power
consumption.
Table 4: provided solutions.
Also, the CNN model we have used to simulate the
dustbin in a virtual environment is working properly but
there are many limitations to this model. The car enters the III. LIMITATIONS
lane from the left side and, as it approaches the left lane
marking, drives back toward the center of the lane until it In public spaces, smart dustbins are gaining popularity as a
is about halfway between the center and the left lane technique to lessen the amount of trash that is left behind.
marking, at which point it turns back into the left lane. Problems can arise when these bins don't always
accurately detect rubbish. For instance, a bin won't be
emptied if it is full but its sensors have not picked up any
trash. This may result in garbage being dumped nearby on
the ground and overflowing trash cans. Additionally,
certain forms of trash, such as recyclable waste, may be
difficult for smart dustbins to detect with accuracy. The
fact that smart trash cans need electricity to operate
correctly is a major drawback. This means that the smart
trash can won't function properly if there is a power
outage. Another potential drawback is that not all trash

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NeuroQuantology| October 2022 | Volume 20 | Issue 13 | Page 3600-3607| doi: 10.14704/nq.2022.20.13.NQ88440
Sheetal Phatangare / A Solution to Waste Management with Autonomous Smart Dustbin

bags may be compatible with smart dustbins. One such Teknologi Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik,
restriction is the restricted usage of smart trash cans. They Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya,
must be positioned in a location with a lot of foot traffic, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
such as a busy street or retail mall. This is necessary for
the smart trashcan to open automatically since its sensors 3] “SMART DUSTBIN USING ARDUINO” -
need to recognize when someone approaches it. MamtaPandey , AnamikaGowala MrinalJyoti Goswami,
ChinmoySaikia And Dr. Dibyajyoti Bora School of
Computing Sciences - Information Technology The Assam
IV. FUTURE SCOPE Kaziranga University,Jorhat, Assam, India. 3607
The future scope is that the scalable model of the dustbin
can be made. More importantly, the model that supports 4] “Smart Dustbin With IOT Notification” - Pradnya
the self-driving nature of the vehicle which will collect the Kadam1 , Aniket More2 , Rohini Kurhe3 , Prof. Snehal
garbage complete autonomously by roaming in cities, Ghodake4 Students, Department of Electronics and
villages, beaches, and many more areas. There is also Telecommunication1,2,3 Head of Department, Department
room for improvisation on human detection. Overall of Electronics and Telecommunication4 Zeal College of
effective waste management is the need of the hour and Engineering & Research, Pune, India.
allows innovation for the benefit of society
5] “Digital Dustbin - Smart Bins for Smart Cities” - Mohit
V. CONCLUSION Panjabi, Karan Patel
a smart dustbin will assist in maintaining a healthy 6] “Smart Dustbin-"An Intelligent Approach to Fulfill
environment, emphasizing a healthy environment, and Swatchh Bharat Mission" – pravin kumar parikh,, rupesh
maintaining cities more beautifully clean and green and parmanand vasani.
free from the bad odor of waste. it also lessens the
amount of labor needed to manage the garbage 7] “Simulation of Self Driving Car Shraddha” --
collection process. because there are fewer waste Manchekar, Bhargav Parsi, Nikhil Thakur, Kelly Bielaski
collection vehicles on the roads, there is less air Computer Science Department, University of California,
pollution, which reduces traffic flow and Los Angeles
consequently noise. due to two-way communication
between smart dustbins and service operators, this is 8] “Autonomous Trash Collecting Robot” G. Sivasankar
Assistant Professor Electronics And Communication
now possible.
Engineering Mepco Schlenk Engineering College
VI . ACKNOWLEDGMENT Sivakasi, India B. Durgalakshmi UG Student Electronics
And Communication Engineering Mepco Schlenk
we are very grateful to work on this project and Engineering College Sivakasi, India K .Seyatha UG
VIT, Pune gave us this opportunity to work on it. we Student Electronics And Communication Engineering
are also very thankful to all other teachers of our Mepco Schlenk Engineering College Sivakasi, India
institute but more importantly our guide throughout
our project Ms. Sheetal phatangare mam who was 9] “Digital Dustbin - Smart Bins for Smart Cities” Mohit
Panjabi, Karan Patel
always there for us when we needed any help or any
other suggestion regarding the project. she was 10] “Smart Dustbins - Automatic Segregation & Efficient
always helpful. Working with you was a great Solid Waste Management using IoT Solutions for Smart
opportunity for us. thank you, everyone. Cities” Viral Rambhia KJSCE, Mumbai, India Aman
Valera KJSCE, Mumbai, India Rahul Punjabi KJSCE,
VII. REFERENCES Mumbai, India Shweta Dhawan Chachra Project Guide
Assistant Professor, Computer Department, K.J. Somaiya
College of Engineering Vidyavihar, Mumbai
1] “Smart Garbage Monitoring System for Waste
Management” - Norfadzlia Mohd Yusof1,*, Aiman
Zakwan Jidin1 , and Muhammad Izzat Rahim1 1 Faculty
of Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia
Melaka, Malaysia

2] “DEVELOPMENT OF SMART DUSTBIN BY USING

APPS” - Jamil Abedalrahim Jamil Alsayaydeh1,2, Adam
Wong Yoon Khang1,3, Win Adiyansyah Indra1,3, Vadym
Shkarupylo4 and Jayananthinii Jayasundar1 1 Fakulti

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