SDC I (IoT) Project Report

on

SMART DOOR UNLOCK

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ARTIFISIAL INTELLIGENCE & DATA SCIENCE

by

K.RAVINDHAR 160723747139
B.SANDEEP 160723747151
K.SHASHANK 160723747153
Under the Guidance of
Mr.Kareem Basha
Assistant Professor
Department of AI&DS

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Methodist College of Engineering and Technology,

King Koti, Abids, Hyderabad-500001.
2024-2025
 Methodist College of Engineering and Technology,
King Koti, Abids, Hyderabad-500001,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATES

k.Ravindhar(160723747139),B.sandeep(160723747150),K.shashank(160723747153).
students of Methodist College of Engineering and Technology,
pursuing Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science and Engineering(AI&DS), hereby
declare that this SDC I
(IoT) Project report entitled “SMART DOOR LOCK", carried out under the guidance of
Mr.Kareem submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor
of
Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering(AI&DS). This is a record work carried
out by us and the
results embodied in this report have not been reproduced/copied from any source.

K.RAVINDHAR 160723747139
B.SANDEEP 160723747151
K.SHASHANK 160723747153
 Methodist College of Engineering and Technology,
King Koti, Abids, Hyderabad-500001.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

CERTIFICATE BY THE SUPERVISOR

This is to certify that this SDC I (IoT) Project work entitled “SMART DOOR LOCK” by
k.Ravindhar(160723747139), B.sandeep(160723747150),K.shashank(160723747153).
submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Computer Science and Engineering,(AI&DS) during the academic year 2023-2024, is a bonafide
record of work carried out by them.

Mr.Kareem
Date: Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE.
 Methodist College of Engineering and Technology,
King Koti, Abids, Hyderabad-500001.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

CERTIFICATE BY HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

This is to certify that this SDC I (IoT) Project work entitled “SMART DOOR LOCK” by

k.Ravindhar(160723747139), B.sandeep(160723747150),K.shashank(160723747153).

submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering(AI&DS), during the academic
year 2023-2024, is a bonafide record of work carried out by them.

Mr.Kareem
Professor & Head of the Department.

Date:
 Methodist College of Engineering and Technology,
King Koti, Abids, Hyderabad-500001.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

PROJECT APPROVAL CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this SDC I (IoT) Project work entitled “SMART DOOR LOCK” by

k.Ravindhar(160723747139), B.sandeep(160723747150),K.shashank(160723747153).submitted

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer

Science and Engineering during the academic year 2023-2024, is a bonafide record of work carried

out by them.

INTERNAL EXTERNAL HOD

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express a deep sense of gratitude towards the Dr. Prabhu G. Benakop,
Principal, Methodist College of Engineering and Technology, for always being an inspiration
and for always encouraging us in every possible way.

We would like to express a deep sense of gratitude towards the Dr. Lakshmipathi Rao,
Director, Methodist College of Engineering and Technology, for always being an inspiration
and for always encouraging us in every possible way.

Our sincere thanks to Mr.Kareem Professor and Head of the Department of

Computer Science and Engineering, for her valuable guidance and encouragement which has
played a major role in the completion of the project and for helping us by being an example of
high vision and pushing towards greater limits of achievement.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to my project guide Mr.Srikar, Assistant Professor,

CSE, for giving us the opportunity to work on this topic. It would never be possible for us to takethis

project to this level without his innovative ideas and his relentless support and encouragement.

We would like to thank our project coordinator XXXXXXXXXX, Assistant Professor,

CSE, who helped us by being an example of high vision and pushing towards greater limits of
achievement.

We are indebted to the Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Methodist
College of Engineering and Technology for providing us with all the required facility to carry our
work in a congenial environment. We extend our gratitude to the CSE Department staff for
providing us to the needful time to time whenever requested.

We would like to thank our parents for allowing us to realize our potential, all the support
they have provided us over the years was the greatest gift anyone has ever given us and also for
teaching us the value of hard work and education. Our parents have offered us with tremendous
support and encouragement, thanks to our parents for all the moral support and the amazing
opportunities they have given us over the years.
 Vision & Mission
VISION
To become a leader in providing Computer Science & Engineering education with emphasis on
knowledge and innovation.

MISSION
M1: To offer flexible programs of study with collaborations to suit industry needs
M2: To provide quality education and training through novel pedagogical practices
M3: To Expedite high performance of excellence in teaching, research and innovations.
M4: To impart moral, ethical valued education with social responsibility.

Program Educational Objectives

Graduates of Compute Science and Engineering at Methodist College of Engineering and

Technology will be able to:

PEO1: Apply technical concepts, Analyze, synthesize data to Design and create novel products
and solutions for the real-life problems.
PEO2: Apply the knowledge of Computer Science Engineering to pursue higher education with
due consideration to environment and society.
PEO3: Promote collaborative learning and spirit of team work through multidisciplinary
projects
PEO4: Engage in life-long learning and develop entrepreneurial skills.

Program Specific Outcomes

At the end of 4 years, Compute Science and Engineering graduates at MCET will be able to:

PSO1: Apply the knowledge of Computer Science and Engineering in various domains like
networking and data mining to manage projects in multidisciplinary environments.
PSO2: Develop software applications with open-ended programming environments.
PSO3: Design and develop solutions by following standard software engineering principles and
implement by using suitable programming languages and platforms
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

PO1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
PO2:
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research
methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the
information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities
with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the
professional engineering practice.
PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for
sustainable development.
PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
PO9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader
in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.
PO11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

PO12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No. Title Page No.

Certificate I
Acknowledgement II
Abstract III
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Objective 2
1.2 Scope 2
1.3 Organization of Report 3
2 Literature Survey 5
3 System Analysis

3.1 Existing System

3.1.1 Drawbacks

3.2 Proposed System

3.2.1 Advantages

3.3 Applications

3.4 Technical Specifications

3.4.1 Software Requirements

3.4.2 Hardware Requirements

4 System Design

4.1 Block Diagram / Circuit Diagram

4.2 Flowchart

5 Implementation

6 Testing
Conclusion
Future Enhancements
References
Appendix (QR CODE with all project docs in Gdrive)
 Acknowledgement:

The development of the IoT-based Smart Door Unlock system has been an exciting and invaluable learning experience. This
project combines various components to create a secure, efficient, and user-friendly solution for modern home security. It
utilizes key hardware elements such as the Arduino Uno, a 4x4 keypad, a servo motor, an LCD with I2C, and a piezo buzzer.
These components work in harmony to provide an innovative method of unlocking doors through a secure password entry
system, demonstrating the power and versatility of the Internet of Things (IoT) in enhancing everyday life.
The Arduino Uno serves as the core of the system, managing all input and output operations. This microcontroller is
responsible for processing the user inputs from the 4x4 keypad and triggering the corresponding action on the servo motor
to physically unlock the door when the correct password is entered. The Arduino Uno was selected for its simplicity,
versatility, and ease of integration with other components, which allowed for rapid prototyping and development.
The 4x4 Keypad is the primary input device, enabling to enter a password that is then compared with a stored code for
verification. This keypad’s layout and functionality make it ideal for secure password entry, providing a straightforward and
effective method of interacting with the system. The integration of this keypad with the Arduino allowed for seamless input
handling and reliable password verification.
Upon successful password entry, the servo motor takes action by physically unlocking the door. The servo motor rotates to
disengage the lock mechanism, providing an essential physical element to the unlocking process. This action is crucial for
the system’s functionality, turning the software-based interaction into a tangible result.
The LCD with I2C module plays an essential role in providing real-time feedback to the user. The 16x2 LCD display, driven via
I2C communication, shows vital system information, such as whether the entered password is correct or incorrect, and
alerts users when the system is ready for the next action. The use of the I2C protocol made the system more efficient by
minimizing the number of pins needed for communication, thereby leaving more resources available for other operations.
The LCD display greatly enhances the user experience by providing clear and immediate feedback.
In addition to visual feedback, the piezo buzzer serves as an audio cue for the user. It produces sound signals indicating the
status of the password input—whether the password was entered correctly or not, or if the system is awaiting further input.
The inclusion of the piezo buzzer adds another layer of user interaction, ensuring the user is always informed of the system’s
status, even without looking at the LCD.
The project’s functionality relies heavily on the software developed for the Arduino platform. The code was designed to
manage input detection, password verification, and the control of the servo motor for unlocking the door. The logic behind
the password validation algorithm ensures that only authorized users can unlock the door, thereby increasing the security of
the system. The program also manages the timing and sequencing for the LCD display and piezo buzzer feedback, ensuring
that the system responds appropriately to the user’s actions.
In addition to the technical aspects, this project has helped develop a deeper understanding of IoT systems and the
integration of hardware and software components. One of the most valuable aspects of this project was the hands-on
experience in troubleshooting and optimizing both hardware connections and software code. Each component, from the
keypad to the servo motor, required careful calibration and testing to ensure smooth operation, which provided significant
learning opportunities.
Looking forward, there are endless possibilities to expand this system. Future iterations could involve integrating wireless
connectivity via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, allowing for remote control of the door lock through smartphones or web applications.
This would enhance the functionality of the system, allowing users to unlock their doors from anywhere, further integrating it
into the broader ecosystem of smart home devices.
Overall, this IoT-based Smart Door Unlock project is not only an excellent introduction to the field of home automation but
also serves as a practical, scalable solution for improving security in residential and commercial spaces. The use of readily
available, cost-effective components such as the Arduino Uno, 4x4 keypad, servo motor, LCD display, and piezo buzzer
demonstrates that sophisticated IoT systems can be built with minimal resources.
 INTRODUCTION:

In today's fast-evolving technological landscape, the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in everyday
life has opened up new possibilities for automation and enhanced security. One such application is the
development of a Smart Door Unlock System, which aims to provide an advanced solution to traditional
door locking mechanisms. This project leverages the power of IoT to offer a secure, efficient, and user-
friendly way of controlling access to a door, replacing conventional mechanical locks with an electronic,
password-based unlocking system.

The system is built around an Arduino Uno microcontroller, which serves as the central unit to control and
coordinate the operations of the entire system. It integrates several components including a 4x4 Keypad,
Servo Motor, LCD with I2C, and a Piezo Buzzer, each of which plays a specific role in making the system
functional and user-friendly. The 4x4 Keypad allows users to input a password, which is validated by the
Arduino. If the entered password matches the pre-set code, the Servo Motor is activated to physically
unlock the door. The LCD with I2C display provides real-time feedback to the user, showing whether the
password was entered correctly or incorrectly. Meanwhile, the Piezo Buzzer offers audio feedbac signaling
the system’s status.

The aim of this project is to create a secure, cost-effective, and easily deployable smart locking system that
can be used in homes, offices, or other spaces where access control is essential. Unlike traditional locks,
which can be susceptible to theft or key duplication, this system offers a digital and more secure
alternative, reducing the risks associated with manual locking systems.

This Smart Door Unlock system is not only an exciting application of IoT in the field of security but also
serves as an introduction to the possibilities of automation and smart devices. Through the integration of
these components, the project provides a practical solution to modern security challenges while
showcasing the potential of combining hardware and software in creating intelligent systems. Furthermore,
this project opens the door to future enhancements such as wireless connectivity, allowing remote control
and monitoring, thus expanding its application in the growing world of smart homes.
 OBJECTIVE:

The primary objective of this project is to design and implement a Smart Door Unlock System that integrates various IoT
technologies to offer a secure and efficient solution for controlling access to doors. The system aims to replace traditional
mechanical locks with an electronic, password-based access control system that enhances both security and user
convenience.
The specific objectives of this project are:

Design and Develop a Secure Access Control System:

The core goal is to create a system that allows only authorized users to unlock the door through the entry of a correct
password. By using a 4x4 Keypad for password input and the Arduino Uno as the central processing unit, the system
ensures that unauthorized access is prevented.

Automate Door Unlocking Mechanism:

The system utilizes a Servo Motor to physically unlock the door once the correct password is entered. This eliminates the
need for traditional key-based locks and provides a more reliable, electronically controlled access solution.

Provide Real-Time User Feedback:

To enhance user experience, the system will use an LCD with I2C display to show feedback, such as confirming whether
the entered password is correct or incorrect. This real-time information improves usability and prevents confusion during
the unlocking process.

Integrate Audio Feedback for Status Alerts:

The inclusion of a Piezo Buzzer will provide audio cues for successful or failed password entries. This immediate feedback
ensures that users are always aware of the system's status, enhancing the overall usability of the system.

Ensure Reliability and Security:

A key objective is to ensure that the system is reliable and secure, minimizing the possibility of false entries or bypassing.
The password verification algorithm is designed to securely authenticate the user before allowing access, enhancing the
security of the environment.

Create a Cost-Effective and Scalable Solution:

The system is designed to be cost-effective, using widely available components such as the Arduino Uno and 4x4 Keypad,
which make the solution affordable while still providing robust functionality. The system’s modular design also allows for
future enhancements, such as adding wireless control or integrating it into a larger smart home network.

By achieving these objectives, the project aims to offer a practical, secure, and efficient solution for modern access control
systems, contributing to the growing field of home automation and IoT technologies. Additionally, the project serves as an
introduction to the integration of various hardware components and software systems, providing valuable experience in
creating connected, intelligent systems.
 SCOPE:
The scope of the Smart Door Unlock System project is focused on developing an electronic access control solution that
integrates key IoT technologies for secure, efficient, and automated door unlocking. The system is designed to replace
traditional mechanical locks with an electronic, password-based system that enhances security and convenience. The key
components involved in this system include the Arduino Uno, 4x4 Keypad, Servo Motor, LCD with I2C, and Piezo Buzzer, all of
which play essential roles in ensuring a smooth and user-friendly experience.

The primary scope of the project includes:

Local Access Control:
The system will function within a confined space, such as a home or office door, where users can input a password via the 4x4
Keypad to unlock the door. The system will validate the password and unlock the door using the Servo Motor if the correct
password is entered.

User Feedback and Interaction:

The system will offer immediate visual and audio feedback. The LCD with I2C will display messages such as “Access Granted”
or “Incorrect Password,” while the Piezo Buzzer will emit sound signals for feedback. This interaction ensures that users are
promptly informed about the status of their access attempt.

Password Protection:
The system aims to provide a secure access solution by verifying a user-entered password against a predefined code. If the
entered password matches the stored code, the door will be unlocked. The project scope limits password authentication to
local interaction, ensuring that only authorized individuals can gain access.

Standalone Operation:
The Smart Door Unlock System is designed to function independently without the need for an internet connection. The
system’s local operation ensures its suitability for environments where wireless connectivity may be unreliable or
unnecessary.

Scalability and Future Enhancements:

While the system operates locally, the design allows for future upgrades, such as wireless communication (via Wi-Fi or
Bluetooth) to enable remote unlocking and integration with other smart home devices. These enhancements would expand the
scope to a more comprehensive home automation solution.

Cost-Effective Design:

The project scope prioritizes the use of affordable components, ensuring that the system remains low-cost while still providing
reliable security and functionality. This makes the system suitable for both residential and small commercial applications.
The scope of this project is mainly centered on creating a simple yet secure system that provides a practical solution to modern
access control. However, it also lays the foundation for future development, including integration into broader smart home
systems, remote management capabilities, and the incorporation of additional security features. Thus, the project serves as
both a standalone security solution and a stepping stone for more advanced IoT-enabled applications.
 ORGANIZATION OF REPORT:

This report is structured to provide a comprehensive overview of the Smart Door Unlock System project, from the problem
definition to the design, implementation, and testing of the system. The following sections outline the structure of the report:
1. Introduction
This section introduces the project, detailing the purpose, objectives, and significance of the Smart Door Unlock System. It
explains the need for an IoT-based access control solution and the basic concept of the system, which uses components like
the Arduino Uno, 4x4 Keypad, Servo Motor, LCD with I2C, and Piezo Buzzer to automate door unlocking securely and
efficiently.
2. Literature Review
In this section, relevant research and existing systems related to electronic door locks, access control systems, and IoT
technologies are reviewed. It highlights existing solutions, identifies their limitations, and explains how this project improves
on or differs from existing systems. Key technologies like Arduino-based systems, keypad security mechanisms, and servo
motor-driven locks are also discussed.
3. System Design and Methodology
This section outlines the overall design approach used in the development of the Smart Door Unlock System. It includes:
Hardware Design: A detailed description of the components used in the system (Arduino Uno, 4x4 Keypad, Servo Motor, LCD
with I2C, and Piezo Buzzer) and how they interact with each other to form a complete system.
Software Design: The algorithms and code developed to handle password validation, motor control, user feedback (visual and
audio), and the overall flow of the system. This section includes a flowchart of the system’s operation and a brief explanation of
the software logic.
System Integration: How the individual components were integrated into a functional system, including wiring, interfacing, and
testing.
4. Implementation
This section describes the process of building and implementing the system. It covers:
Circuit Design: A detailed description of the electrical connections, including diagrams and circuit schematics showing how the
components are wired together.
Software Implementation: A step-by-step explanation of the code used to control the system, along with key snippets to
illustrate how each function is implemented, such as password entry, verification, motor control, and feedback.
Testing: The procedures followed to test the system, including unit testing of individual components (e.g., keypad, servo motor,
LCD) and integration testing of the entire system to ensure smooth operation.
5. Results and Discussion
This section evaluates the performance of the Smart Door Unlock System. It provides:
System Performance: A detailed analysis of how well the system meets the intended objectives, including its reliability,
accuracy in password validation, response time, and effectiveness of feedback mechanisms.
Challenges Faced: A discussion of the difficulties encountered during the development process, such as hardware
malfunctions, software bugs, or integration issues, and how these challenges were addressed.
Limitations: Any limitations or areas where the system could be improved, such as scalability for larger setups, potential
security vulnerabilities, or future enhancements like remote access control.
6. Conclusion
This section summarizes the key findings of the project and reflects on the success of the Smart Door Unlock System in
achieving the stated objectives. It highlights the impact of the project on access control and security, discusses its potential
applications, and suggests areas for future development.
 7. Future Work
In this section, potential improvements and future developments are proposed. This may include:
Remote Access: Adding Wi-Fi or Bluetooth capability for remote unlocking.
Security Enhancements: Integrating biometric systems (e.g., fingerprint scanners or facial recognition).
Smart Home Integration: Expanding the system to connect with other smart devices, such as smartphones, smart cameras,
and home automation platforms.
8. References
This section lists all the sources, research papers, books, and online resources referenced during the project. It follows a
standard citation format to ensure proper attribution of all the materials used.
9. Appendices
The appendices include supplementary information that supports the report, such as:
Code Listings: Full code used in the system development.
Circuit Diagrams: Detailed schematics of the system wiring.
Additional Test Data: Data collected during system testing or performance evaluations.
This organization ensures that the report is comprehensive, logical, and easy to follow, providing a clear progression from
the initial concept to the final implementation and evaluation of the Smart Door Unlock System.
 LITERATURE SURVAY
A literature survey is an essential part of understanding the existing work in the field and identifying the gaps that the
current project aims to address. In the context of the Smart Door Unlock System, this survey reviews existing solutions for
electronic access control systems, particularly those based on microcontrollers, IoT devices, and automation technologies.
It also highlights the importance of security and user experience in designing such systems.
1. Electronic Door Lock Systems
Traditional mechanical locks have long been used for securing doors, but their limitations—such as vulnerability to physical
attacks, key duplication, and forgetting the keys—have led to the development of electronic door lock systems. These
systems typically rely on keypads, RFID cards, biometric scanning, or smartphone apps to control access. Some of the
most common types of electronic locking systems include:
Keypad-Based Systems:
One of the most straightforward electronic door locks, keypad-based systems allow users to input a PIN or password to
unlock the door. The systems may use mechanical push buttons, capacitive touchscreens, or membrane keypads. An
example of this is the Schlage Keypad Deadbolt, which has been widely used for residential applications (Schnabel, 2019).
These systems are relatively inexpensive and provide good security, but they are vulnerable to brute-force attacks if the
password is weak.
RFID Systems:
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is another popular method for access control. RFID-based locks use cards, key fobs,
or smartphones to unlock doors. These systems are widely used in commercial and industrial environments. They offer
more convenience than keypads, as users do not need to remember any code, but can still suffer from issues like
unauthorized duplication of RFID tags (Miah, 2020).
Biometric Systems:
Biometric locks, such as those based on fingerprint, iris, or facial recognition, have become more popular as they provide a
higher level of security. By identifying individuals based on unique biological traits, biometric systems offer a higher degree
of assurance against unauthorized access. However, they are more expensive to implement and may face challenges like
false rejections or environmental factors affecting sensor performance (Chen et al., 2021).
While these systems have been successful in enhancing security, they come with their own sets of challenges. For
example, traditional keypads often require physical contact, which could pose a hygiene risk or inconvenience to users,
especially in public places. RFID and biometric systems also face concerns related to privacy and the potential for system
compromise.
2. Microcontroller-Based Access Control Systems
The use of microcontrollers in access control systems has become increasingly common due to their flexibility, ease of
integration, and low cost. The Arduino platform, in particular, has gained popularity for building DIY security systems. The
low cost and open-source nature of Arduino make it an ideal choice for prototyping and educational purposes, while its
extensive libraries and community support ensure that developers can quickly find solutions to common problems.
Arduino Keypad-Based Systems:
66 or ESP32) to allow for remote unlocking through a smartphone or web-based interface. A project by Patel et al. (2019)
explored the integration of Arduino with Wi-Fi modules to create a door locking system that could be controlled remotely
from a mobile app, providing users with added convenience and flexibility.
 As IoT technology continues to evolve, there is a growing trend toward the remote control of
access systems, enabling users to unlock doors from anywhere using smartphones or other IoT-
enabled devices. These systems can also be integrated into larger home automation setups,
allowing for seamless interaction with other smart devices (such as cameras, alarms, and lights).
Remote Control and Monitoring:
IoT-enabled access control systems can be integrated with smartphones via apps or web
interfaces. The smart door lock systems from companies like August Home and Nest are
examples of IoT-enabled locks that provide remote access, activity logs, and integration with
home automation ecosystems. While these systems offer convenience, they are often more
expensive and require internet connectivity, which may not be suitable for all environments.
Challenges in IoT Security:
One of the major concerns with IoT-based systems is the security of data transmission. IoT
devices are often vulnerable to cyberattacks, such as hacking, data breaches, or denial-of-
service attacks. Research by Li et al. (2021) emphasized the importance of end-to-end
encryption and multi-factor authentication in ensuring the security of IoT-based systems.
Additionally, the potential for device tampering, unauthorized remote access, and software
vulnerabilities must be carefully managed.
4. Conclusion from Literature
Based on the literature reviewed, the following conclusions can be drawn:
Microcontroller-based solutions, such as Arduino-based systems, provide a cost-effective and
flexible alternative to more expensive commercial solutions, allowing for rapid prototyping and
customization.
IoT integration offers added convenience and functionality, allowing users to control and monitor
their access control systems remotely.
The security of these systems is a critical consideration, especially when integrating IoT
technology, and measures like encryption, multi-factor authentication, and robust software
design are essential to mitigate risks.
While existing systems (both commercial and DIY) provide valuable insights, there is still a need
for affordable, secure, and easily scalable solutions that are user-friendly, particularly for
residential and small business use.
This review underscores the importance of integrating secure, easy-to-use components such as
the 4x4 Keypad, Arduino microcontrollers, and servo motors into access control systems. By
leveraging IoT, this project aims to address the gaps in current systems, particularly by providing
a secure and affordable solution for home or office security.
This literature survey provides context for the development of the Smart Door Unlock System,
identifying trends in access control technologies and pointing to areas where the project can
offer improvements and innovations.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS:
System analysis is a critical phase in the development of the Smart Door Unlock System, as it
involves understanding the project's requirements, analyzing the components, and identifying the
interactions and constraints that will influence the design and implementation of the system. This
section covers the key aspects of the Smart Door Unlock System, including its functionality,
components, and operational flow, as well as its limitations and design considerations.
1. Requirements Analysis
The first step in system analysis is to determine the requirements of the system, which can be
broken down into functional and non-functional requirements.
Functional Requirements:
Password-based Authentication:
The system must allow users to enter a password using a 4x4 Keypad. The entered password will
be compared with a pre-defined password stored in the system. If the password is correct, the
door will be unlocked by activating the Servo Motor. If incorrect, an error message will be
displayed on the LCD screen, and the Piezo Buzzer will emit an error tone.
User Feedback:
The system must provide real-time feedback to the user via both visual (on the LCD screen) and
audio (via the Piezo Buzzer) cues. This feedback should inform the user whether the entered
password is correct or incorrect and indicate when the door is being unlocked.
Security and Access Control:
Only users who know the correct password should be able to unlock the door. The system must
be designed to prevent unauthorized access and avoid brute-force attacks, which may involve
setting up security measures like delays after several incorrect attempts.
Real-Time Display and Status Updates:
The system will display status messages (e.g., "Access Granted", "Incorrect Password",
"Unlocking Door") on the LCD screen to guide the user through the process.
Non-Functional Requirements:
Reliability:
The system must fussages to the user, such as "Enter Password," "Access Granted," and "Incorrect
Password." The I2C communication protocol is used to interface the Arduino with the LCD, making
the connection more efficient by requiring only two pins for data transmission.
2.5. Piezo Buzzer
The Piezo Buzzer provides audio feedback, alerting the user to the status of the system. For
example, it emits a short beep when the password is correct, and a long beep or error tone when
the password is incorrect.
 Upon powering up, the accumulates the input until the user presses the "Enter"
key (or a predefined key to submit the password).
Password Verification:
Once the password is entered, the Arduino compares the entered password with
the pre-stored password in its memory. If the entered password matches the stored
password, the system moves to the next step. If the password is incorrect, the
system will display an error message on the LCD and trigger the Piezo Buzzer for
feedback.
Unlocking the Door:
Upon successful password verification, the Arduino sends a signal to the servo
motor, causing it to rotate and unlock the door. The LCD displays "Access Granted,"
and the Piezo Buzzer emits a success beep.
System Reset or Locking:
After a short delay, the system resets to the initial state, ready to accept a new
password. If the password is incorrect after several attempts, a delay can be
introduced to prevent brute-force attacks.
4. Limitations and Constraints
While the Smart Door Unlock System is designed to be a secure and user-friendly
solution, there are several limitations and constraints that need to be considered:
Limited Security Features:
The system relies on password authentication, which may be vulnerable to brute-
force attacks if the password is weak. Additional security features like multi-factor
authentication or an encrypted password storage method could improve the
security.
Lack of Remote Access:
The system does not include wireless connectivity for remote access, limiting its
functionality to local operations. Future versions could integrate Bluetooth or Wi-Fi
capabilities to allow remote unlocking via smartphones or other devices.
Hardware Dependency:
The system is dependent on hardware components such as the servo motor and
keypad, which must be physically installed and maintained. This could limit its
adaptability in certain scenarios, especially in already built homes or offices.
Vulnerability to Physical Tampering:
If the system is not physically secured or if the microcontroller and wiring are
exposed, there is a potential for tampering. This could be mitigated by housing the
Arduino and other components in a secure enclosure.
Single Point of Failure:
The system has a single point of failure—if the Arduino or any of the components
(keypad, motor, LCD, etc.) fails, the entire system will stop functioning.
Redundancy or fail-safes could be considered in future versions.
5. Conclusion
The system analysis reveals that the Smart Door Unlock System effectively
addresses the need for a secure, user-friendly, and affordable door access control
solution. By integrating various components such as the Arduino Uno, 4x4 Keypad,
Servo Motor, LCD, and Piezo Buzzer, the system is able to fulfill its functional
requirements while maintaining a focus on simplicity and reliability. However, the
system also has limitations that could be addressed in future iterations, such as
improving security features and adding remote access capabilities.
EXISTING SYSTEM:

Various access control systems have been developed to replace traditional mechanical locks,
offering improved security, convenience, and flexibility. These systems range from keypad-
based locks to more advanced biometric and IoT-enabled smart locks. Here's a brief overview
of existing systems:
Traditional Mechanical Locks:
Mechanical locks are the most basic form of access control, relying on physical keys. While
they are inexpensive and widely used, they are vulnerable to key duplication, physical
tampering, and being lost or stolen.
Keypad-Based Electronic Locks:
Systems like Schlage Keypad Deadbolt and Kwikset SmartCode offer a step up from
mechanical locks, allowing users to enter a PIN code on a keypad for access. These systems
eliminate the need for physical keys, making them more convenient and secure than
traditional locks. However, they are vulnerable to brute-force attacks and lack advanced
security features like encryption or remote access.
RFID-Based Systems:
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) locks, such as XceedID and Salto KS, allow users to
unlock doors using RFID cards or key fobs. These systems offer contactless authentication,
improving user convenience and hygiene. However, RFID systems can be compromised
through attacks like cloning or eavesdropping, and they often come with higher costs
compared to traditional systems.
Biometric-Based Systems:
Biometric locks, such as ZKTeco Fingerprint Locks and SimonsVoss Smart Locks, provide
highly secure access through fingerprints, facial recognition, or iris scanning. They offer
higher security by relying on unique biological traits, but they are costly and can be affected
by environmental factors (e.g., dirt or injury) that may impair performance.
IoT-Enabled Smart Locks:
IoT smart locks, like August Smart Lock and Nuki Smart Lock, allow remote control via
smartphone apps and integration with home automation systems (e.g., Alexa, Google
Assistant). These systems provide flexibility, allowing users to lock/unlock doors remotely,
but they require a stable internet connection and introduce potential cybersecurity risks, as
they are vulnerable to hacking if not properly secured.
Each of these systems offers varying levels of security and convenience, but also comes with
drawbacks such as cost, vulnerability to hacking, or dependence on physical cards or internet
connectivity. The Smart Door Unlock System aims to combine the simplicity and cost-
effectiveness of keypad-based systems with enhanced user feedback and basic security
features, while also leaving room for future enhancements like wireless control and multi-
factor authentication.
DRAWBACKS:
While various access control systems have improved security and convenience, they also
come with certain limitations that need to be addressed. Below are the primary drawbacks of
the commonly used systems:
Traditional Mechanical Locks:
Key Duplication and Loss: Traditional locks are vulnerable to key duplication, and physical
keys can be easily lost or stolen, compromising security.
Physical Tampering: These locks are subject to physical manipulation or picking, making them
less secure than electronic alternatives.
Inconvenience: Carrying physical keys is cumbersome, and users may forget or misplace
them, leading to lockouts.
Keypad-Based Electronic Locks:
Vulnerability to Brute-Force Attacks: Keypad systems rely on PIN codes, which can be
guessed or cracked through brute-force attacks, especially if the code is simple or frequently
used.
Forgotten or Compromised PINs: Users may forget PINs, and if compromised, they require
reprogramming to ensure security.
Limited Security Features: Many keypad systems lack advanced security features like
encryption or multi-factor authentication, making them susceptible to hacking or
unauthorized access.
RFID-Based Systems:
RFID Cloning and Eavesdropping: RFID systems are vulnerable to attacks such as cloning of
RFID tags or eavesdropping on the communication between the tag and the reader,
potentially leading to unauthorized access.
Cost and Maintenance: RFID systems can be costly to implement and maintain, especially for
large-scale installations. Additionally, the tags or cards can be easily lost or damaged.
Limited Range and Access Control: RFID-based systems may have limited range, requiring
close proximity for access, and sometimes do not offer detailed access logs or user-specific
control.
Biometric-Based Systems:
High Cost and Complexity: Biometric systems, such as fingerprint or facial recognition locks,
are generally more expensive to purchase and maintain, which may make them inaccessible
for some users.
Environmental Sensitivity: Biometric devices can fail or produce false negatives due to
environmental factors such as dirt, moisture, or injury. For instance, fingerprint scanners may
not work well if the user’s hands are wet or dirty.
Privacy Concerns: Storing biometric data raises significant privacy issues. If biometric data is
compromised, it cannot be easily changed like a password or RFID tag, leading to long-term
security risks.
underscore the need for more cost-effective, secure, and user-centric solutions that address
both convenience and robust protection against unauthorized access. The Smart Door Unlock
System aims to tackle these issues by integrating simple, affordable technology with
improved security features and user feedback, offering a more reliable and scalable
alternative for both residential and commercial applications.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
The Smart Door Unlock System aims to provide a cost-effective, secure, and user-
friendly solution for door access control, utilizing common electronic components
like an Arduino Uno, 4x4 Keypad, Servo Motor, LCD Display (I2C), and a Piezo Buzzer.
This system addresses the drawbacks of traditional and existing electronic locks by
offering a simple, customizable, and scalable solution.
Key Features:
Password-Based Authentication:
Users input a 4-digit password via the 4x4 Keypad. If the correct password is
entered, the system triggers the Servo Motor to unlock the door. The Arduino Uno
compares the input with a stored password to grant or deny access.
User Feedback:
The LCD Display provides real-time status updates, such as "Enter Password,"
"Access Granted," or "Incorrect Password," enhancing the user experience. The
Piezo Buzzer offers auditory feedback, signaling correct or incorrect entries with
different beeps.
Security Features:
The system offers password protection and includes a lockout mechanism after
multiple failed attempts to prevent brute-force attacks. The lack of a physical key
prevents key duplication or loss, enhancing security.
Cost-Effective and Simple Design:
Built with affordable components, this system is ideal for DIY projects or small-
scale installations. The Arduino platform simplifies integration and offers flexibility
for future modifications.
Scalability and Flexibility:
The system can be expanded to support multiple user passwords, integrated with
Bluetooth for remote access, or even adapted to include biometric features, such as
fingerprint recognition.
Components:
Arduino Uno: The central microcontroller that controls the system’s functions.
4x4 Keypad: Allows users to input a numeric password.
Servo Motor: Mechanically unlocks the door when the correct password is entered.
LCD Display: Provides visual feedback on system status.
Piezo Buzzer: Emits sound signals for user feedback.
Advantages:
Affordable and Easy to Implement: Low-cost components make it accessible for
home or small business use.
Enhanced Security: The system uses password protection and a lockout mechanism
to prevent unauthorized access.
User-Friendly: Clear feedback through both the LCD and buzzer ensures an intuitive
experience.
.
 ADVANTAGES:
Advantages of the Smart Door Unlock System
The Smart Door Unlock System provides numerous advantages over traditional mechanical locks
and existing electronic access systems. Designed to offer an affordable, secure, and user-friendly
solution, this system is ideal for home and small business use.
1. Cost-Effective and Accessible
The system is built with affordable, widely available components, such as the Arduino Uno, 4x4
Keypad, Servo Motor, LCD Display, and Piezo Buzzer. This makes it an economical choice for DIY
projects and small-scale applications. Additionally, it has low maintenance costs compared to
mechanical locks, which may need frequent repairs or replacements.
2. Enhanced Security
Password-based authentication ensures only authorized users can unlock the door. Unlike physical
keys, which can be lost or duplicated, the password can easily be changed to maintain security. The
system also includes a lockout mechanism after several failed attempts, preventing brute-force
attacks. The absence of physical keys further eliminates risks like key theft or loss.
3. User-Friendly Interface
The system’s LCD Display offers real-time feedback, such as “Enter Password” and “Access
Granted,” which simplifies the user experience. The Piezo Buzzer provides auditory feedback,
signaling when an entry is correct or incorrect. This combination of visual and sound cues ensures
users can quickly understand the system's status.
4. Scalability and Flexibility
The Arduino-based design makes the system highly customizable. Users can add features like
multiple passwords, Bluetooth remote control, or even biometric authentication (e.g., fingerprint
scanning) as needs evolve. This scalability makes the system suitable for a wide range of
applications, from homes to small businesses.
5. Increased Reliability
Unlike mechanical locks, which rely on physical components that can wear out, the system uses a
servo motor to unlock the door electronically, which is more reliable and has fewer parts prone to
failure. The system’s simplicity ensures durability and requires minimal maintenance.
6. Customizable Access Control
The system allows for multiple user passwords, enabling it to be used in households or businesses
with several people who need access. In future versions, access logs could be integrated for tracking
who accessed the door and when, providing an audit trail for businesses or institutions.
7. Easy Integration and Setup
Built on the Arduino platform, the system is easy to assemble and modify, even for users with basic
electronics and programming knowledge. The components are standard and widely available,
making it easy to troubleshoot and upgrade as needed.
8. Future-Proof Design
The system is flexible and can be easily upgraded with new features or security protocols. Future
integration with smart home systems or IoT solutions could enable remote access and monitoring,
making the system adaptable to evolving technology trends.
APPLICAQTIONS:
Applications of the Smart Door Unlock System
The Smart Door Unlock System is a flexible and secure access control solution with a wide
range of potential applications. Its combination of affordability, security, and ease of use
makes it suitable for various environments, including residential, commercial, and
institutional settings.
1. Residential Use
Home Security: The system enhances residential security by providing password-based
access, eliminating the need for physical keys that can be lost or stolen. It’s ideal for securing
front doors or internal rooms such as home offices and storage spaces.
Guest Access: Homeowners can provide temporary access to guests or service personnel
without the risk of lost keys, offering convenience and enhanced control over who enters the
home.
2. Small Businesses
Office and Store Access: Small businesses can secure entry points to offices, storage rooms,
or retail spaces, controlling access with unique passwords for employees, while reducing
reliance on traditional keys.
Visitor Management: Temporary passwords can be issued to visitors, contractors, or service
providers, improving security without needing physical key handovers.
3. Educational Institutions
Campus Security: The system can be used in classrooms, labs, libraries, and dormitories to
control access to restricted areas. Passwords can be set for different groups like students,
faculty, or staff.
Sensitive Areas: Administrative offices, medical rooms, or laboratories can be secured,
ensuring that only authorized personnel can access sensitive resources.
4. Healthcare Facilities
Medical and Storage Rooms: Hospitals and clinics can secure rooms containing sensitive
medical records, pharmaceuticals, or equipment, ensuring that only authorized staff can
enter.
Restricted Zones: The system can also be used to control access to high-security areas like
operating rooms or pharmacy storage, enhancing patient and staff safety.
5. Rental Properties
Guest Access Management: For vacation homes or short-term rental properties, owners can
share temporary passwords with guests, removing the need for key exchanges and enhancing
convenience for both parties.
Tenant Security: The system provides a secure, keyless entry solution for tenants, with the
ability to change passwords between occupants to ensure the property remains secure at all
times.
secure solution for a wide variety of applications. From enhancing residential security to
managing access in businesses, healthcare facilities, and educational institutions, the system
offers a simple yet effective way to control access and improve convenience. Its scalability
and flexibility make it suitable for both small-scale and large-scale deployments, providing an
affordable, efficient, and future-proof security solution.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
Technical Specification of the Smart Door Unlock System
The Smart Door Unlock System is an efficient and flexible access control solution, incorporating
easily available components to offer a secure and user-friendly method for unlocking doors. Below
are the detailed technical specifications of the system:
1. Microcontroller
Component: Arduino Uno
Processor: ATmega328P microcontroller
Operating Voltage: 5V
Clock Speed: 16 MHz
Memory: 2 KB SRAM, 32 KB Flash, 1 KB EEPROM
I/O Pins: 14 digital pins, 6 analog pins
Communication: Serial communication (UART) via USB
2. Keypad
Component: 4x4 Matrix Keypad
Matrix Layout: 4 rows, 4 columns
Input Type: Button-based entry (numeric input for password)
Keypad Pins: 8 pins (4 for rows, 4 for columns)
Interface: Direct connection to Arduino via GPIO pins
3. Servo Motor
Component: SG90 Servo Motor (or equivalent)
Operating Voltage: 4.8V - 6V
Torque: 1.8 kg·cm (at 4.8V)
Rotation Angle: 0° to 180°
Control Signal: PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) via Arduino
Response Time: ~0.1 seconds per 60° rotation
Use: Mechanical locking/unlocking of door
4. LCD Display
Component: 16x2 LCD with I2C Module
Display Type: Alphanumeric LCD (16 characters x 2 lines)
I2C Address: 0x27 (commonly used address)
Operating Voltage: 5V
Interface: I2C communication with Arduino for displaying messages (e.g., "Enter Password",
"Access Granted")
Backlight: Yes, for visibility in low light conditions
5. Piezo Buzzer
Component: Active or Passive Piezo Buzzer
Operating Voltage: 5V
Signal Type: Digital signal (on/off)
Frequency Range: 2 kHz - 5 kHz (depending on input signal)
Output: Audible sound for feedback (e.g., error beep, success confirmation)
6. Power Supply
Voltage: 5V (supplied via USB or external 5V adapter)
Power Source: USB power or DC power supply (5V)
Current: Approximately 200mA - 500mA, depending on active components
motor
 In7. Software and Programming
Programming Language: Arduino IDE (C/C++)
Development Platform: Arduino Uno with the Arduino IDE
Libraries:
Keypad Library: For keypad interfacing
Servo Library: For controlling the servo motor
Wire Library: For I2C communication with the LCD display
8. Communication Protocols
I2C Communication: Used to interface the Arduino with the LCD Display (I2C).
PWM: Pulse Width Modulation for controlling the Servo Motor to lock/unlock the door.
9. Security Features
Password Storage: Hardcoded password stored in the Arduino's memory.
Lockout Mechanism: After several incorrect attempts (e.g., 3), the system disables further
attempts for a set period or emits a warning sound via the Piezo Buzzer.
Password Input: 4-digit numeric password entered via the 4x4 Keypad.
10. Physical Dimensions
Arduino Uno: 68.6 mm x 53.4 mm x 15 mm
Keypad: 90 mm x 90 mm (standard size)
LCD Display: 80 mm x 36 mm (16x2 LCD with I2C module)
Servo Motor: 22.5 mm x 12.2 mm x 29 mm (SG90 servo)
Piezo Buzzer: 30 mm x 30 mm (typical size for a small buzzer)
11. Operating Environment
Temperature: 0°C to 50°C (Arduino and components are suitable for typical indoor
environments)
Humidity: 20% to 80% RH (non-condensing)
Conclusion
The Smart Door Unlock System utilizes a combination of accessible components to provide
an affordable, secure, and reliable door access solution. Its technical specifications allow
for easy setup, user customization, and potential future upgrades. The system is ideal for
residential, business, and institutional use, offering flexibility, security, and ease of
integration with other devices, such as smart home systems or remote access tools.
SOFTWARE REQIREMENT
Software Requirements for the Smart Door Unlock System
The Smart Door Unlock System requires specific software components for programming,
interfacing, and managing the hardware components. Below are the software requirements
needed to develop and run the system:
1. Development Environment
Arduino IDE(Integrated Development Environment)
Version: Arduino IDE 1.8.x or later
Supported Platforms: Windows, macOS, Linux
Purpose: The Arduino IDE is used to write, compile, and upload the code to the Arduino Uno
board. It supports programming in C/C++ with libraries and functions specifically designed for
hardware interfacing.
2. Programming Language
C/C++(Arduino Language)
The Arduino platform uses a simplified version of C/C++ for programming. Code is written in a
script format, which includes defining setup and loop functions to control the hardware.
Setup Function: Initializes hardware components and configuration.
Loop Function: Runs the main logic of the system, continually checking for user input and
triggering actions (e.g., unlocking the door).
3. Libraries
The following libraries are required to interface with and control various components of the
system:
Keypad Library
Purpose: Facilitates interaction with the 4x4 Matrix Keypad, allowing users to enter a password.
Installation: Available through the Arduino Library Manager. This library is essential for
managing input from the keypad.
Servo Library
Purpose: Allows control of the servo motor to unlock or lock the door by sending PWM signals.
Installation: This library comes pre-installed with the Arduino IDE and is used to control servo
motors with specific angles based on the password entered.
Wire Library (for I2C Communication)
Purpose: Enables communication between the Arduino and I2C devices, such as the LCD
Display.
Installation: The Wire library is pre-installed in the Arduino IDE and is used to manage the data
transmission between the Arduino and the LCD display.
LiquidCrystal_I2C Library
Purpose: This library is required to communicate with the LCD display through I2C. It helps
display messages such as “Enter Password” and “Access Granted” on the screen.
Installation: Can be downloaded from the Arduino Library Manager.
 4. System Configuration
Password Management
Hardcoded password is stored in the Arduino’s memory. The system checks the entered
password against this stored value and triggers the servo motor to unlock or lock the door.
Error Handling and Feedback
A feedback mechanism is implemented via the Piezo Buzzer. If an incorrect password is entered
multiple times, the system provides auditory feedback (error sound) and locks out further
attempts for a set time.
LCD Display Setup
The LCD is initialized and used to display prompts (e.g., "Enter Password") or feedback (e.g.,
"Access Granted") to users.
5. Communication Protocols
I2C Communication: Used for communication between the Arduino and the LCD Display.
Purpose: To display messages on the LCD screen in real-time. The LCD screen requires I2C
communication to transfer data efficiently, minimizing the number of required wiring
connections.
PWM for Servo Control:
Purpose: The servo motor receives a PWM signal to unlock or lock the door. The Arduino sends
a pulse with varying widths to rotate the motor to the appropriate angle.
6. Operating System Requirements
Supported Operating Systems:
Windows: 7, 8, 10, or later
macOS: 10.12 or later
Linux: Any distribution with support for Arduino IDE (Ubuntu, Fedora, etc.)
USB Port: A USB port is required to connect the Arduino Uno to the computer for programming
and power supply.
Conclusion
The software requirements for the Smart Door Unlock System include the Arduino IDE for
programming, essential libraries for interfacing with components like the keypad, servo, and
LCD, and communication protocols like I2C and PWM for controlling the hardware. The system
is designed to work on common operating systems such as Windows, macOS, and Linux, making
it accessible to a wide range of users.
HARDWARE REQUREMENT
Hardware Requirements for the Smart Door Unlock System
The Smart Door Unlock System is built using a variety of electronic components, each contributing
to the overall functionality of the system. Below is a list of the hardware required for the project:
1. Microcontroller
Component: Arduino Uno
Microcontroller: ATmega328P
Operating Voltage: 5V
Input Voltage: 7V to 12V (via DC jack or USB)
Digital I/O Pins: 14 (6 used for keypad and servo motor)
Analog Input Pins: 6
Purpose: The Arduino Uno serves as the central control unit for the entire system, executing the
logic for password validation, controlling the servo motor, and managing communication with other
components like the LCD display and keypad.
2. Keypad
Component: 4x4 Matrix Keypad
Keypad Layout: 4 rows and 4 columns (16 buttons in total)
Interface: 8 pins for row and column connections
Purpose: The keypad is used for entering the password. It provides an interface for the user to input
a numeric password that the system will validate.
3. Servo Motor
Component: SG90 Servo Motor
Operating Voltage: 4.8V - 6V
Torque: 1.8 kg·cm (at 5V)
Rotation Angle: 0° to 180°
Control Type: PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
Purpose: The servo motor controls the mechanical locking and unlocking of the door. The motor
rotates to unlock the door when the correct password is entered.
4. LCD Display
Component: 16x2 LCD with I2C Module
Display Type: Alphanumeric LCD (16 characters x 2 lines)
I2C Address: 0x27 (common address for I2C LCD)
Operating Voltage: 5V
Interface: I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) for communication with Arduino
Purpose: The LCD is used to display messages to the user, such as "Enter Password" or "Access
Granted". It provides feedback about the system's status.
5. Piezo Buzzer
Component: Piezo Buzzer
Operating Voltage: 5V
Signal Type: Digital on/off
Purpose: The piezo buzzer provides audio feedback for incorrect password attempts or successful
unlocking. It produces a sound to alert the user.
ween components are made using jumper wires. The setup is designed to be simple, affordable, and
easy to assemble for both educational and practical applications.
SYSTEM DESIGN
System Design for the Smart Door Unlock System
The design of the Smart Door Unlock System involves creating a flow of interaction between
various hardware components such as the Arduino microcontroller, keypad, servo motor, LCD
display, and piezo buzzer. Below is a breakdown of the system design:
1. System Architecture
The architecture of the Smart Door Unlock System consists of the following main components:
Arduino Uno (Microcontroller): The central controller that processes inputs from the keypad,
controls the servo motor to unlock/lock the door, and manages feedback via the LCD and piezo
buzzer.
Keypad (4x4 Matrix): Used by the user to enter a password, which is validated by the Arduino.
Servo Motor (SG90): Controls the mechanical lock of the door. The Arduino sends a PWM signal
to the servo to rotate and unlock/lock the door.
LCD Display (16x2 with I2C): Provides the user with visual feedback, displaying messages like
"Enter Password" and "Access Granted".
Piezo Buzzer: Emits sounds to provide audio feedback on successful or failed attempts.
2. System Flowchart
The flowchart below describes the step-by-step process that occurs when the user interacts
with the system:
System Initialization
The Arduino begins by initializing the keypad, LCD, and servo motor.
The LCD displays the message: "Enter Password".
User Inputs Password
The user enters a password on the 4x4 keypad.
The system reads the input from the keypad and stores it temporarily.
Password Validation
The entered password is compared with the hardcoded password stored in the Arduino's
memory.
If the password is correct:
The servo motor rotates to unlock the door.
The LCD displays "Access Granted".
The piezo buzzer emits a success sound.
If the password is incorrect:
The LCD displays "Incorrect Password".
The piezo buzzer emits an error sound.
The system gives a feedback warning, and the user is prompted to try again.
Lockout Mechanism
After a set number of incorrect attempts (e.g., 3 tries), the system can implement a lockout
mechanism (a temporary delay or alarm).

able for future upgrades or enhancements.

 5. Hardware Connections
Keypad Connections:
Rows and Columns of the keypad are connected to the Arduino's digital pins (pins 2 to 9).
LCD Display (I2C):
SDA pin of the I2C LCD is connected to the Arduino’s A4 pin.
SCL pin of the I2C LCD is connected to the Arduino’s A5 pin.
VCC and GND of the LCD are connected to 5V and ground, respectively.
Servo Motor:
The control pin (signal pin) of the servo is connected to one of the PWM pins on the Arduino, such as pin 9.
The servo motor's VCC and GND pins are connected to 5V and ground, respectively.
Piezo Buzzer:
One pin of the buzzer is connected to a digital output pin on the Arduino (e.g., pin 8).
The other pin of the buzzer is connected to GND.
6. Software Logic Overview
Setup Function:
Initializes the keypad, LCD display, servo motor, and piezo buzzer.
Displays the message “Enter Password” on the LCD.
Loop Function:
Continuously monitors input from the keypad.
Once a password is entered, the Arduino checks if the entered password matches the predefined password.
Depending on the result, the system either unlocks the door (activates the servo) or gives feedback through the buzzer and displays an error message on the LCD.
If incorrect attempts exceed a certain limit, the system enforces a lockout or alarm.
Conclusion
The System Design for the Smart Door Unlock System integrates both hardware and software components to create a functional, secure, and user-friendly access control
solution. The interaction between the microcontroller (Arduino), the keypad, LCD display, servo motor, and piezo buzzer enables smooth operation of unlocking and
locking doors. The design ensures that the system is responsive, easy to interact with, and provides feedback to the user, while also being scalable for future upgrades or
enhancements.