CHAPTER 8 URBAN PLANNING

8TH Semester Course: 15 ARC 8.7

Faculty: Radha Krishna Dhawad

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School Of Architecture | DSATM | Spring 2021/ Even Semester

 15ARC 8.7-URBAN PLANNING
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CHAPTER 7
URBANIZATION IN INDIA: -
1. Trends in urbanization in post-independence India;
2. Planned cities in Post-Independence India (Bhubhaneswar, Gandhinagar,
Jamshedpur);
3. Census classification of Indian cities (based on population size);
4. Growth, issues and management of Metropolitan cities;
5. Slums (official definitions and slum statistics)

CHAPTER 8
URBAN HOUSING TYPOLOGIES –
1. City Development Authority layouts
2. Public Sector Townships
3. Affordable housing
4. Slum Rehabilitation Projects
 CHAPTER 8 15ARC 8.7-URBAN PLANNING
MODULE 2

URBAN HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

1.CITY DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY LAYOUTS
2.PUBLIC SECTOR TOWNSHIPS,
3.AFFORDABLE HOUSING,
4.SLUM REHABILITATION PROJECTS

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The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (W.H.O) defines housing as:

The concept of housing is an enclosed environment in which man finds protection and feel safe and secured
from hostile forces and can function with increased comfort and satisfaction as regards privacy to individual
and his family.

The environment must include all necessity, services, facilities, equipments, and devices needed for physical
and social well being of the family of individual.
The basic input of housing thus becomes:
1.Land 2. Material 3. Finance.

 Housing starts from one room and combination of

rooms creates a house.

 The science of arrangement of these houses with

the provision of all the necessary (physical &
Social) infrastructure is “HOUSING”

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ROOM

A ‘ROOM’ may be an enclosure having four walls and a roof having

minimum dimension of 2m. Or 2.5m and 2.4m in height.

It may be of any material and it also may not have an opening other than
door. The National Building Code (NBC) defines a room as:

A ‘room’ must have an area of 7.5sqm. And a height of 2.6m. Openings must
not be less than 1/6 th of floor area in hot-humid climate and 1/10th of
floor area in hot-dry climate. Openings (other than door) have to be in the
external arae. It must be made of permanent material.

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HOUSEHOLD

Household – is a number of person staying together and taking meals from

the same kitchen unless exigencies of work prevent them from doing so.
There three basic types of household:

1. SINGLE FAMILY HH (consisting of social / blood relations),

2. MULTI FAMILY HH (consisting of paying guest) and
3. INSTITUTIONAL FAMILY HH (consisting of hostels)

Occupancy rate:
It is the number of person; living in a room.
> 3 = overcrowded.
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 8.URBAN HOUSING TYPOLOGIES: URBAN HOUSING CHAPTER 8

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TYPES OF HOUSING
The different types of houses are classified as below:

• DETACHED HOUSE
• SEMI-DETACHED HOUSE
• ROW HOUSING
• APARTMENT AND FLATS
• SKY SCRAPERS

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TYPES OF HOUSING
DETACHED HOUSE
It is a free-standing residential building. -Generally found in less dense
urban areas the suburbs of cities, and rural areas. -Surrounded by a garden

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TYPES OF HOUSING
SEMI-DETACHED HOUSE
-They consist of pairs of houses built side by side as units. -They share a
party wall. -Usually each house's layout is a mirror image of its twin

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TYPES OF HOUSING
ROW HOUSE
--A row of identical or mirror-image houses. -They share side walls.

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TYPES OF HOUSING
APARTMENT AND FLATS
There are three key elements to any apartment building:
 the overall form of the building
 the type of access
 the types of unit

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TYPES OF HOUSING
SKY SCRAPERS
To accommodate the growing population in metropolitan cities, the sky- scrappers or high rise
buildings are being built with multistoried soaring high in the sky.
• The vertical development in the form of sky scrapers is seen to be popular as people found it
more useful by going up and down with the help of lift then walking side-ways, even though
they are facing some problems

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ZONES IN LAYOUT OF
RESIDENTIAL UNITS
1. PUBLIC
2. SEMI PUBLIC
3. SELECTIVE PRIVATE
4. ABSOLUTELY PRIVATE
5. PRIVATE BUT OPEN

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Types of spaces while
planning for housing layout

1. PRIMARY SPACE

2. SECONDARY SPACE

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Requirements of Residential Layout of Residential Units
Building The Important point to be considered in planning of
residential building are as below:
• Height
• Houses should be designed in different types with
• Location pleasing elevations.
• Orientation • Houses should be planned with harmony with the
• Parks surrounding like lake, streams, greeneries, etc.
• Privacy • Houses should be properly oriented to get maximum
• Security advantage of the sun, wind, and topography.
• Density of population should be in accordance with the
• Space
standard specified by the competent authority
• Utility Services • Houses for different Income group should be grouped
• Ventilation and Light together to build the spirit of neighborhood.

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LAYOUT OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS

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LAYOUT OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS
Rectangular or Grid Pattern
The layout plan is almost square with road meeting at right angles. This pattern is suitable for flat country, but is not
suitable from the point of view of traffic

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LAYOUT OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS

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LAYOUT OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS
Cul- de-sac
• This type consisting of approach road with a dead end is suitable for a small estate.
• In this case the houses are arranged to face a dead end road branching from the main road at
right angle.
• At the dead end of road a roundabout is provided so that the vehicle can go round and return to
the main road. A fountain or such another feature can be provided at the dead end to make it
pleasing and attractive

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
CHAPTER 7

URBAN HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

1.CITY DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY LAYOUTS
 8.URBAN HOUSING TYPOLOGIES: CITY DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY LAYOUTS CHAPTER 8

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Layouts:
Every person submitting a Plan for subdivision of plot or a
layout shall submit such Plan to a scale not less than 1:500 Layouts developed by BDA
and shall include. Jayanagar.
• Sub-division of his plot and details of proposed land use, Koramangala.
• Site plan showing the existing access to the land, JP Nagar.
• The dimension of each of the proposed sub-divisions, Anjanapura.
• Width of the proposed streets and Kumaraswamy Layout.
Banashankari.
• Dimension of open spaces and CA sites provided for, in
Indiranagar.
the layout Plan. HAL 2nd and 3rd Stages.
Bangalore Development Authority
BDA stands for Bangalore Development Authority, which is a is a It was envisaged that the development authorities will help
regulatory body that oversees the planning & development of to plan, implement & co-ordinate development activities in
infrastructure, provision of sites & services, the housing needs of a structured way. After the constitution of urban
underprivileged citizens of Bangalore. development authorities, the actual implementation
of urban projects and master plans has started.

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
Layouts developed by BDA

• Jayanagar
• Koramangala • HSR Layout
• JP Nagar • BTM Layout
• Anjanapura • RT Nagar
• Kumaraswamy Layout • Vishweshwaraiah Layout
• Banashankari • Arkavathy Layout
• Indiranagar • Nagarabhavi
• HAL 2nd and 3rd Stages • Avalahalli (Girinagar)
• Domlur • Banashankari 5th stage
• Kasturi Nagar • Banashankari 6th stage
• Sadashivanagar • West of Chord Road Layout (Basaveshwaranagar)
• RMV Extension • Nadaprabhu Kempe Gowda Layout
• HBR Layout • Aecs layout A,B and C blocks, Kundanahalli gate
• HRBR Layout
 8.URBAN HOUSING TYPOLOGIES: CITY DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY LAYOUTS CHAPTER 8

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Ashwin Mahesh: Housing in the
draft Revised Master Plan 2031

https://www.magicbricks.com/b
da-layout-at-kengeri-kengeri-
bangalore-pdpid-
4d4235303733323833
School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
NRI Center City, Hosur, Bengaluru, Attibele
Aranya lowcost housing
Aranya lowcost housing
EWS
LIG
Development Authorities: Formation, Role & Challenges

The process of urbanization and migration of people from rural areas to urban areas for better living opportunities has
resulted in serious problems of housing, infrastructure, and health. This unplanned urbanization pushes poor people
to live in urban slums in very unhealthy living conditions. Thus, tremendous pressure is exerted on urban
infrastructure due to unplanned growth.

In India, Development Authorities have come into existence, out of the need to tackle growing housing problems and
poor infrastructure. It was envisaged that the development authorities will help to plan, implement & co-ordinate
development activities in a structured way. After the constitution of urban development authorities, the actual
implementation of urban projects and master plans has started.

Several urban development authorities have been established by various state governments to provide housing,
infrastructure, and amenities to its ever-growing population.

The first to come up was the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) in 1957, for the Delhi metropolitan area. Similarly,
the Haryana Urban Development Authority – HUDA in 1977 and the Maharashtra Housing and Area Development
Authority (MHADA) in 1976 was established to accelerate the process of planned development.
Delhi Development Authority (DDA)
The Development Authority in Delhi – DDA known as Delhi
Development Authority was constituted in 1957 under the
provisions of the Delhi Development Act. The primary objective
of DDA is to promote and secure the development in Delhi.
Under section 6 of the Delhi Development Act, 1957, DDA has
provided a charter with the following objectives:
To formulate a Master Plan for the development of Delhi and
work accordingly;
To possess, manage and dispose of land and other property;
To carry out building, engineering, mining, and other
operations
Over a period of time DDA has not only undertaken housing
projects but has also developed commercial complexes, sports
facilities, public transportation systems, parks & playgrounds.
The Authority believes in “Green Delhi” and works with the
objective to protect the environment by retaining green belts
and forests. Realizing the importance of Delhi`s place in
national development, DDA along with other state authorities
is playing a vital role in the development of the National Capital
Region (NCR)
DDA Housing Scheme
During 2016-17 about 53,950 dwelling units were under
construction in various zones with prefab technology (Source:
DDA Annual Report 2016-17).
Table 1 – Details of housing as on 1.4.2016

The above table 1 shows that 11,767 LIG and 2,580 EWS new houses were taken for construction for urban poor during the
year 2016-17 (Source: DDA Annual Report 2016-17)
DDA had launched housing scheme 2019, for 18000 flats across for all four categories – EWS, LIG, MIG and HIG (source:
Housing.com)
Maharashtra Housing And Area Development Authority – MHADA
Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority (MHADA), was constituted by
the Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Act, 1976, with the aim to improve
the living standard of the poorest section of the society.
MHADA constructs & allots affordable houses to all income groups of the society.
Even though Mumbai is known for its skyrocketing high price, MHADA is able to
provide homes comparatively at a low price. It also provides houses to Mill Workers
who lost their jobs and homes in midst of the 1980’s during the great mill strike.
Development Authorities: Issues & Challenges
Since their inception, development authorities have undergone various changes to cater to the dynamic needs of growing
cities. Post liberalization of economy (after 1992) saw increased demand for industrialization, commercial activities, and
infrastructure. Through efficient planning & better utilization of available resources, they have been able to play greater role
in urban development by implementing various development projects such as housing, roads, flyovers, metro rail, etc. Also,
the focus is on the green initiative to provide a clean & healthy environment to its population.
As India is fast developing the economy, rapid development is essential to fuel the growth engine. To do this, smart planning
and quick implementation of development activities are of prime importance.
Unfortunately, multiple agencies are involved in the development of the same area, city, and region. Lack of clear division of
responsibilities often leads to a multiplicity of the role and over-lapping functions resulting in wastage of time and resources,
thus duplication of work & long delay in project implementation.
Various agencies involved in city development are as follows:
Development Authority.
Municipal Corporation /Municipality.
Town Planning Agency.
State industrial corporations.
State housing & urban development agencies.
Involvement of multiple agencies often leads to poor coordination. The multiplicity of authority and lack of coordination
results in poor decision making & delay in the implementation of development plans. This poses a big challenge before
development authorities in fulfilling their objectives in the most effective and efficient way.
Conclusion
Development Authorities have played an important role since
the days of socialist economy wherein state had to play major
role in providing basic public infrastructure, housing, and
industrial development. Liberalization of the Indian economy in
the 1990s required, rapid development in public infrastructure
and basic amenities to fuel economic growth.
To fulfil the aspirations of a growing population and provide
futuristic public infrastructure, development authorities need
to focus on the following points:
Put more emphasis on institutional & human resource
development through training and capacity building programs.
Create an effective platform for networking and sharing
knowledge with stakeholders.
Devise a sound mechanism for communication & coordination
with agencies involved in development activities.
Explore every possibility of public-private partnerships for
efficient planning & implementation of projects.
 CHAPTER 8 15ARC 8.7-URBAN PLANNING
MODULE 2

URBAN HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

1.City development authority layouts

2.PUBLIC SECTOR TOWNSHIPS

3.Affordable housing,
4.Slum rehabilitation projects

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
CHAPTER 7

URBAN HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

2. PUBLIC SECTOR TOWNSHIPS

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Public Sector Townships:
Township planned by the public sector industry like oil companies, telecommunication,
health, railways, etc.
The townships include those of central public sector companies such as ONGC,
Indian Oil, NTPC, SAIL, BHEL, NMDC, CRPF, BSF and Police Lines

What is HUDCO? Ans. Housing and Urban Development Corporation Ltd. (HUDCO) is a public sector enterprise fully
owned by the Government of India, under the Companies Act 1956.

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
THE GSFC TOWNSHIP VADODARA INDIA The Indian government has a policy of decentralizing industries. To
attract workers to locations outside their home states, townships
have to be built to house them at subsidized rates in attractive
surroundings. There are many such towns in India providing for a
wide variety of industry types. State governments have followed
suit.

The GSFC is one such organization. Its township on the

outskirts of Vadodara (formerly Baroda) is one
: an industrial township (1964-9)
such company town. It is an example of an urban design
where the architect has tried to deviate from the
standard norms of company town design.
Balkrishna V. Doshi, the architect for the township, in
writing about the design for company towns, noted:
In large township projects where the government controls
finance, there is a definite
Our Housing Society was formed in the year 2007 with an intention to provide
housing facilities to the B.S.N.L. employee's. The society has been registered
with the Dy.Registrar of co operative Societies, Govt. of Karnataka,
Bangalore vide no.DRB® Reg. 32229/ 2006-07/dated.07-02-2007. Later
on in the year 2008 permission is accorded from the Addl.Registrar of Co-
operative societies to take the Associate Members and to allot sites to the
willing members/associate members. There by the society is at liberty to allot
sites to general public, apart from the BSNL staff.
SBI Staff Brindavan Housing Co-operative Society Ltd was
formed in the year 1986 (12.09.1986), Sri B. Vijaya Bhaskar
Shetty was the founder of the society, With great efforts he
formed the first layout in the year 1992 at Lingadevara Koppalu
(Village) Yelwala Gram Panchayat, Mysore.

Mr. M G JAYAPRASAD the present President revived the society

in the year 2010 and expanded the area of operation to the
entire Karnataka State, from then on the President, Secretary
and Board of Directors struggled and worked hard to identify a
land keeping in mind the cost effectiveness, nearly after 7years
they succeeded in identifying a large land bank in
Chikkaballapur which is proposed to be the Satellite city, with
the help of Lotus Value, a leading land developer, the society
under the President Mr. M G JAYAPRASAD has succeeded in
making State Bank e-Township a reality.
 State Bank e-Township
100 Acres Township Project near Chikkaballapur
Project by
Lotus Value
https://youtu.be/pOJcmH6Ahvk
CHAPTER 7

URBAN HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

3. AFFORDABLE HOUSING
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Affordable Housing under PMAY:
Housing for All
Government of India has announced Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) –
Housing for all (Urban) on 25th June 2015, by reforming “Housing for All”
scheme.

PMAY is planned to be implemented in 3 phases.

A. Phase 1 would span from April 2015 to March 2017 covering completion of affordable
housing in 100 cities,
B. Phase 2 starting from April 2017 and ending in March 2019 covering another 200 cities
and
C. Phase 3 between April 2019 and March 2022 for remaining cities
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AFFORDABLE HOUSING?
 Amolik Heights Affordable Housing Project at Sector 88, Faridabad

Flats at Kharghar, Navi Mumbai

Affordable Project At Navi Mumbai. 1/2 BHK Starting at 40 Lakhs.

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 8.URBAN HOUSING TYPOLOGIES: AFFORDABLE HOUSING CHAPTER 8

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https://www.bajajfinserv.in/housing-schemes
Affordable Housing Definition:
1. There is no clear-cut definition of the term ‘affordable’, as it is a relative concept and could
have several implied meanings in different contexts.

2. Affordability in the context of urban housing means provision of ‘adequate shelter’ on a

sustained basis, ensuring security of tenure within the means of the common urban household.

3. According to the Task Force on Affordable Housing set up by the Ministry Of Housing and
Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA) in 2008, affordable housing for various segments is
defined by size of the dwelling and housing affordability derived by the household
income of the population

4. According to the KPMG Report on ‘Affordable Housing – A Key Growth Driver in the Real
Estate Sector’, affordable housing is defined in terms of three main parameters, namely
income level, size of dwelling unit and affordability.

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AFFORDABLE HOUSING DEFINITION:

Affordability, especially in the Indian real estate sector, can mean a wide range of things.
Specifically, the term holds different meaning for different categories of demographics.
Further, there are also several socio-economic variables governing a city or location to
consider.

Generally, ‘affordable housing’ refers to residences that have been especially

designed for the economically weaker section (EWS) and Lower Income Group
(LIG) who are looking for the same comfort and security of a self-owned
property/home that the more fortunate middle class enjoys.

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DEFINITION IS BASED ON EXPENDITURE ON HOUSING
 As per US Department of housing and development families paying more than 30 percent
of their income for housing are cost burdened and thus affordable housing means housing on
which spending is 30% or less. A household should spend no more than 30% of its total
income on housing costs, including mortgage or rent payments & utilities.
More than 30%: housing cost burdened and
More than 50%: severely housing cost burdened.

 Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) considers affordable

housing if one has to spend maximum 25% on it.

 For India, it can be defined as housing affordable to economically weaker

sections (EWS) and low income group (LIG)

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AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROJECT
Housing projects where 35% of the houses are constructed for EWS category.

A beneficiary family will comprise husband, wife and unmarried children. The family
should not own a pucca house either in his/her name or in the name of any member of
his/her family in any part of India.

EWS House: An all weather single unit or a unit in a multi-storeyed super structure having
carpet area of upto 30 sq. m. with adequate basic civic services and infrastructure
services like toilet, water, electricity etc. States can determine the area of EWS as per their
local needs with information to Ministry.

Implementing Agencies: The agencies such as Urban Local Bodies, Development

Authorities, Housing Boards etc. which are selected by State Government/SLSMC for
implementing PMAY– Housing for All (Urban) Mission
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EWS, LIG and SLUM

EWS: Households having an annual income up to Rs. 3 lakh. States/UTs have the flexibility
to redefine the annual income criteria in consultation with the Centre.

LIG: households are defined as households having an annual income between

Rs.3,00,001and Rs.6,00,000. States/UTs shall have the flexibility to redefine the annual
income criteria as per local conditions in consultation with the Centre.

SLUM: A compact area of at least 300 population or about 60-70 households of poorly
built congested tenements, in unhygienic environment usually with inadequate infrastructure
and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water

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Factors affecting AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Different definitions of affordable housing.
Factors influencing affordability include;
1. • Household size
2. • Geographic location
3. • Income and Expenditure
4. • Liabilities/commitments
5. • Savings
6. • Disposable income

Thus affordability is a relative term linked to one’s income, expenditure, savings, liabilities
and commitments and primarily disposable income. Perception of affordability will differ from
individual to individual.

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ISSUES IN AFFORDABLE HOUSING :
1. Developing affordable housing in Indian cities faces significant challenges due to several economic,
regulatory and urban issues.
2. Excessive Control on Development of Land Creates Artificial Shortage.
3. Lack of Marketable Land Parcels.
4. Titling Issues and Lack of Information.
5. Rising Threshold Costs of Construction.
6. Lack of Access to Home Finance for Low-Income Groups.

POLICY FRAMEWORK AND REGULATIONS FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING:

Central Level Schemes
1. National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy (NUHHP), 2007
2. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna (PMAY
3. Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor (ISHUP).
4. Rajiv Awas Yojana.(RAY)
5. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
• Basic Services for the Urban Poor (BSUP)
• Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme. IHSDP
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PMAY – HOUSING FOR ALL
 Thus, Mission with all its
components has become effective
from the date 17.06.2015 and will
be implemented upto 31.03.2022.

All statutory towns as per Census 2011 and towns notified subsequently would be
eligible for coverage under the Mission.

The houses constructed/acquired with central assistance under the mission should be in the
name of the female head of the household or in the joint name of the male head of the
household and his wife, and only in cases when there is no adult female member in the
family, the house can be in the name of male member of the household.

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POLICY UNDER PMAY – HOUSING FOR ALL

Central grant of Rs. one lakh per house, on an average, will be available under the slum rehabilitation
programme.
A State Government would have flexibility in deploying this slum rehabilitation grant to any slum
rehabilitation project taken for development using land as a resource for providing houses to slum dwellers.

Under the Credit Linked Interest Subsidy component, interest subsidy of 6.5 percent on housing loans
availed up to a tenure of 15 years will be provided to EWS/LIG categories, wherein the SUBSIDY pay-out
on NPV basis would be about Rs.2.3 lakh per house for both the categories.

Central assistance at the rate of Rs.1.5 lakh per house for EWS category will be provided under the
Affordable Housing in Partnership and Beneficiaryled individual house construction or enhancement.
State Government or their parastatals like Housing Boards can take up project of affordable housing to
avail the Central Government grant.

Houses constructed under the mission would be allotted in the name of the female head of the households
or in the joint name of the male head of the household and his wife.
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Affordable
housing
guidelines

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AFFORDABILITY
SLUM DWELLERS
 Monthly income: Rs 3000-6000
 Disposable income: Rs 500-1000 (@15%)

WORKERS IN UNORGANISED SECTORS

 Monthly income: Rs 6000-10000
 Disposable income: Rs 1000-1500 (@15%)

LOW INCOME GROUP PEOPLE

 Monthly income: Rs10000-20000
 Disposable income: Rs 2000-4000 (@20%)

Therefore slum dweller or a person working in unorganized sector can afford @ 1000
per month.
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Mission (JNNURM)
• JNNURM was launched in December 2005 with aim to cover construction of 1.5 m houses for urban poor during
the Mission period (2005- 2012).

It has two Sub-Missions :

 Basic Services for the Urban Poor (BSUP) seeks to provided SEVEN entitlements/services –
1. Security of tenure,
2. Affordable housing,
3. Water,
4. Sanitation,
5. Health,
6. Education and
7. Social security in low income segments in the 65 mission cities.

The Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) sought

to provide the above mentioned 7 entitlements, services in towns/cities other than the Mission
Cities.
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AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Government Housing Schemes
PMGAY | PMAY | MHADA | TNHB | DDA | NTR
 AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana (PMGAY)
The PMGAY scheme focuses on providing pucca houses with necessary amenities to
homeless families. The objective of the scheme is to build one crore homes of 25 sqm by
2022. The government offers to finance for the cost of construction in the ratio of 60:40
for plain areas and 90:10 for the northeastern and hilly regions. The Pradhan Mantri
Gramin Awaas Yojana offers an amount of Rs 1.2 lakh to beneficiaries that belong to
do not have shelter and are living on alms tribal groups and legally released bonded
labour.

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)

PMAY was initiated to make homeownership affordable for individuals belonging to the
Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) category. You get affordability through this scheme
via interest subsidy of up to Rs.2.67 Lakhs on your home loan. To avail benefits, you first
have to qualify as a beneficiary as per your economic standing. Based on the annual
income of your household, you can be eligible as a beneficiary under the Economically
Weaker Sections (EWS), the Low-Income Group (LIG) and the Middle-Income Group (MIG)
category.
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
CHAPTER 7

URBAN HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

3. SLUM REHABILITATION PROJECTS

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PREVAILING SCENARIO

India is undergoing transition from rural to semi

urban society.

Increasing migration from rural to urban areas

Mismatch between demand and supply of sites

and services . Disparity between high land costs ,
cost of construction and lower incomes leading to
non sustainable situation.

Construction sector provides employment to

16% of work force.
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PREVAILING SCENARIO

1. Lack of equitable supply of land, shelter and services at affordable prices.

2. Environmental paradigms neglected while design and planning .
3. Depletion of resources in construction and negligence of ecology in design .
4. Lack of application of cost effectiveness and energy efficiency in construction.

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Almost 27% of the urban population lives in slums in India. Let us have a look at some
of the Government and Private sector initiatives taken toward slum redevelopment.

MAJOR SLUM REHABILITATION PROJECTS IN INDIA

• Kathputli Colony Redevelopment, Delhi

• Dharavi Redevelopment Plan, Mumbai

• Pune Nirvana Hills Slum Rehabilitation Project

• Ramtekdi Pune – Slum Rehabilitation Project

• NagooranThottam, Chennai
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PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA- HOUSING FOR ALL (PMAY)
The Mission is being implemented during 2015-2022 and provides central assistance to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)
and other implementing agencies through States/UTs for:
In-situ Rehabilitation of existing slum dwellers using land as a resource through private participation

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN RENEWAL MISSION (JNNURM)

The JNNURM was launched in 2005
Implemented by:
Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA )
has two components e.g.
BASIC SERVICES FOR URBAN POOR (BSUP) and
INTEGRATED HOUSING AND SLUM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (IHSDP)
which aimed at integrated development of slums through projects for providing shelter, basic
services and other related civic amenities with a view to providing utilities to the urban poor.
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Main Aim is to address the problems of infrastructure and basic
services to the poor in cities and towns

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CASE STUDY: Slum Rehabilitation
Project, Pantharapalya

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Slum Rehabilitation Project, Pantharapalya
Bangalore is the fifth largest metropolis (8.40 million as per 2011 Census) in India and it is globally
recognized as Silicon Valley and Information Technology capital of India.

Bangalore city has 576 slums, which constitute 7,24,441 slum population and 1,64,786 households as per
2014 figures of the Asha Kiran Mahiti of Karnataka Slum Development Board; of which 232 are declared
slums and 344 are undeclared slums.

Seventy six per cent of the slum population live below poverty line and hardly 22 per cent of the slum
population has monthly income less than Rs.3000.

The housing is the most vulnerable condition and about 14 per cent are still living in kutcha houses and 42
per cent living in semi-pucca houses and rest the 45% of the housing stock are pucca houses.

Forty two per households depends on public taps and 18 per cent household do not have access to water
supply and only 40 per cent households have individual tap connections. Twenty Seven percent household do
not have sewer connection and they mainly depend on community toilets, but, 6% still practice open defecation
and 63 percent houses have access to storm water drains
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Pantharapalya Slum
Pantharapalya slum is situated in Ward Number 31 (Nayandanahalli
Ward) of Bruhath Bangalore Mahanagar Palike.
It is bounded by Bangalore Mysore State Highway on eastern side,
storm water drain on western and southern sides and 5.5mt wide road on
northern side.
The slum existed for more than 30 years. It occupied in an extent of
20000 sq.mts.

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Pantharapalya Slum

LIVING CONDITIONS IN THE SLUM

• The condition of housing was most vulnerable and the
majority of the people lived in kutcha and semi-pucca houses.
• The situation in terms of socio-economic condition and
physical infrastructure namely water supply and sanitation were
in vulnerable conditions.
• People were erected houses according to their wishes and
there was no security of land tenure. L
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SLUM REHABILITATION PROJECTS UNDER BASIC SERVICES FOR URBAN POOR PROJECT

This project was done under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Programme
(JnNURM) was introduced in 2005. The Basic Services for the Urban Poor (BSUP) was one of
the Components of BSUP.

Pantharpalya slum was selected for in-situ rehabilitation with a funding from Jawaharlal
Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission project under centrally sponsored scheme.

In the beginning, it was planned for construction of 896 dwelling units in 24 blocks of 32
dwelling units each; later, the project was re-designed for construction of 1088 dwelling units
to cover 34 blocks.
Private consultants were engaged to prepare Detailed Project Report (DPR) which includes
topographical sheets, layout plans, dwelling unit plans.
The project was revised and approved in 2011with an estimated cost of Rs.261.17 crore
(cost of the dwelling unit was revised from Rs 1.25lakhs to Rs.1.80 lakhs).
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Pantharapalya Slum

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Pantharapalya Slum

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PANTHARAPALYA SLUM
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
• Reinforced Cement Concrete framed structure with non-solid cement blocks for non-load
bearing walls.
• Mild steel door for rooms and PVC doors for toilets/ bath, steel glazed windows/
ventilators were adopted.
• White washing for internal painting, water proof cement base for external painting and
cement concrete flooring specification was followed.
• Project implementation was taken up in different stages due to non availability of land for
transit sheds.
• The local community was involved in implementation process.

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PANTHARAPALYA SLUM
PROJECT IMPACT

A. Physical Impact
 The average level of housing satisfaction is 59 per cent .

Housing
 One thousand eighty eight (1088) beneficiaries are identified, but only 896 dwelling units are occupied by
them. However, no title deeds or procession certificates are issued to the beneficiaries.

B. Basic Infrastructure
 a) Water supply

There are two tube wells, 68 sumps in 34 blocks of 6000 liter capacity each.Also, water is drawn from public
taps as well; there is no accountability for the quantity of water consumed by the each of the dwelling units.
Residents also have drawn one municipal line to tap water, where water is supplied once in two days for a period

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PANTHARAPALYA SLUM
B) ENVIRONMENT AND SANITATION

 All households have access to individual bath and toilet facilities

 Poor maintenance, broken pipes and chambers cause frequent blockage and back flow in soil pipes.
 Sunken slabs were not built in toilet spaces and waste water floods into living areas, which led to poor
sanitation.
 Garbage cleared by BBMP twice in a week.
 Wastes are being dumped in open drains, set-back area and storm water drains as well.
 There is no provision of community dustbins in the locality.
 The slopes are inadequate to drain off storm water. Waste water stagnation and garbage disposal in
open drains has been common phenomena.

The in-situ rehabilitation, which was carried out in Pantharapalya Slum has contributed for improving the
quality of housing. The project has benefitted largely to the urban poor though, certain dissatisfactions in
terms of quality of construction, infrastructure and its maintenance including community involvement. The
project has yielded good result in benefitting the urban poor to improve their quality of life.
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CASE STUDY: BSUP Project

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reference for this casestudy is from vinay kumar blog ,The ministry of urban development, karnataka
SOURCE:http://vinaykumarsorake.blogspot.in/2016/06/basic-services-to-urban-poor-bsup.html

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CASE STUDY: IHSDP Project

INTEGRATED HOUSING AND SLUM REDEVELOPMENT

PROJECT AT VIRAR,THANE,MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
ARCHITECT-SUVARNA LELE

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Project Benefit to Slum Dwellers

IHSDP Project Benefits to Slum Dwellers:-

1. Provision of Individual Toilets Drainage

2. Water Supply Arrangement
3. Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting
4. Electric Connection
5. Storm Water disposal pipe line
6. Community Center
7. 8.Employment opportunities during project development
8. his Project will uplift the standard of living.
9. Creditworthiness of the dwellers will Improve.
10. After getting the tenure in family name they can get the personal loan
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Justification for need of the project

No any Housing scheme like Lok Awas Yojana (LAY) of GOM of

VAMBAY (Valmiki Ambedkar Malin Basti Awas Yojana) was launche
by the State or GOI. The above scheme was only in 61 town of the
state. Hence DMC could not provide the basic need to slum residents.

The main object of IHSDP to provide shelter along with the basic
need like Water, Road, Drain, Storm Water Disposal, Solid Waste
Disposal, Sewerage, Street light etc are in one package which
provides hygienic and habitable condition to the poor, which will
definitely up lift the standard of living.
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KATHPUTLI COLONY REDEVELOPMENT, DELHI
The Delhi Development Authority’s (DDA) plans to provide permanent housing to residents of slums at Kathputli
Colony. The slum was selected for Delhi’s first in-situ redevelopment project and an agreement was signed to this
effect in 2009 for development of 5.22 hectares of the colony. Apart from the residential units, the project includes
community spaces for a heritage museum, an amphitheatre, retail outlets, a police post, religious site, weekly
market, a children’s park and an area for wedding ceremonies, said the developer

The colony is one of the biggest and oldest slums located in

Shadipur Depot, housing puppeteers, acrobats, storytellers,
folk dancers and painters, who had been under threat of
losing their art and livelihoods.
The colony is the only such place that is a home to street
performers from 14 states belonging to diverse communities.
The tender for redevelopment was won in a competitive
process by the Delhi based Raheja Developers.

http://www.kathputlicolonydda.com/proposed-units.html

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http://www.kathputlicolonydda.com/proposed-units.html

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• DHARAVI REDEVELOPMENT PLAN, MUMBAI
The Slum redevelopment in Dharavi called the Dharavi Redevelopment Plan (DRP), is a public – private
partnership project.
The method is to divide Dharavi into 32 sectors or units based on boundaries that the residents feel define
their neighbourhoods, in which 5 sectors are selected to be the first step of the DRP. Dharavi redevelopment has
been a topic of discussion since almost 20 years now.
https://sites.google.com/a/kubickova.net/mumbai-dharavi/dharavi
There are 55 thousand families as per government
estimates, who are eligible for new houses after
redevelopment.
The entire redevelopment of Dharavi would be
roughly more than Rs 30 thousand crore and yet
despite repeated efforts by government through
various schemes there were no bidders for this
project.
Now, the state government has decided to float
special purpose vehicle (separate company) for the
redevelopment project
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Pune Nirvana Hills Slum Rehabilitation Project
The Nirvana Hills Phase 2 Project is located at Survey Number
44/1, Erandwana in the Haveli Taluka of the city of Pune, India.
KSDPL isundertaking the execution of phase II of project named
’45, Nirvana Hills’ It is being executedon the area admeasuring
2.10 mnsq.ft.
It consist of 31 slum rehabilitation buildings of 11storeys each and
2 residential sale buildings of 22 storey each located at Karve
Road, Pune.
Kumar Sinew Developers Private Ltd, (KSDPL) a project specific
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) of Kumar Builders is a 100%
subsidiary of KUL Urban Development Pvt. Ltd.
The project is expected to be completed by July 2022. The
projectis slum rehabilitation cum residential project to develop the
slum property under MaharashtraSlum Areas (Improvement,
Clearance and Redevelopment) Act. 1971.
http://prasannadesaiarchitects.blogspot.com/2011/08/
1-insitu-slum-rehabilitation-project_10.html

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• Ramtekdi Pune – Slum Rehabilitation Project

The Ramtekdi slums which spread over more

than 50 acre wasNaiknavare’s pilot project in
Slum Rehabilitation. They have taken 15 acres of
this land for redevelopment. The project will
consist of 7 buildings with 11-storied providing
a permanent roof to about 1176 slum dwellers.
Each unit in these buildings is a self-contained
house of 25 sq. m and is equipped with basic
civic amenities and community facilities.
Naiknavare Developers also plan to provide an
extra housing stock as affordable rentals to new
migrants and families. The income generated
from these rentals will pay for the maintenance http://naiknavaredevelopers.blogspot.com/2015/02/naiknavare-
developers-ramtekdi-project.html
and upkeep of their new formal housing.
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Nagooran Thottam, Chennai

In-situ construction in NagooranThottam was

started in 2015 and completed in 2016.

The newly constructed quarters have the

capacity to shelter 24 families with each portion
measuring 400 sq ft.

This was one of several redevelopment projects

kicked off by the Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance
Board (TNSCB), in alignment with the objectives
of the ‘Housing for All by 2022’ scheme, https://aphrdi.ap.gov.in/documents/Trainings@APHRDI/2018/1-
jan/pmay/Tamil%20Nadu%20Slum%20Clearance%20Board.pdf
launched by the Government of India under the
PMAY in 2015.

School Of Architecture |DSATM |Faculty: RKD 15 A RC 8.7- Urban Planning | Spring 2021/ Even Semester
“ A great building must begin with the unmeasurable, must go through the
measurable means when it is being designed and in the end must be
unmeasurable.”
Louis Kahn
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http://mohua.gov.in/cms/projects-under-jnnurm.php

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9KGDa4iBdk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLDiHO8DAcI
https://www.slideshare.net/sslele456/a-slum-
redevelopment-project
https://sra.gov.in/page/innerpage/our-projects.php

https://sra.gov.in/page/innerpage/about-us.php

https://realtyplusmag.com/major-slum-
rehabilitation-projects-in-india/

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