UNIT - 6

TEST & MEASUREMENT

IN SPORTS

By ROHIT LAUR
Test
A test is a tool to evaluate the skill,
knowledge, capacities or aptitudes of
an individual, or a group

Measurement
It refers to the process of administrating
attached to obtain quantitative data
FITNESS TEST - SAI KHELO INDIA
FITNESS TEST IN SCHOOL

1. Battery of test for the age

group 5-8 years/class 1 to 3

A. Body Composition/BMI
B. Flamingo Balance Test

C. Coordination Test
FITNESS TEST - SAI KHELO INDIA
FITNESS TEST IN SCHOOL

2. Battery of test for the age

group 9-18 years/class 4 to 12
A. Body Composition/BMI
B. Partial Curl Up
C. Push-ups (for boys )
Modified Push-ups (for girls)
D. 50m Standing Start
E. 600m Run/Walk
F. Sit & Reach test
 1. Battery of test for the age
group 5-8 years/class 1 to 3

A. Body composition/Body mass index

BMI =
Body weight (in kg)
Height * Height (in m)

It is also known as Adolphe Quetlet Index

because it was invented by Adolphe Quetlet
 PROCEDURE-
The child should stand straight with his/her back to the
height rule or measuring surface.
The feet should be flat on the floor, arms at the side, and
knees and back should be straight.
After that, the headboard or sliding part of the measuring
rod is lowered gently so that the hair is pressed flat.
The child should remove the jacket shoes etc. It means he
should wear very light clothes.
He/She should stand in the center of the platform of the
weighing machine and the body weight should be equally
distributed on both feet.

SCORING
Height of a student is recorded in m & cm .The
weight is recorded in kilogram.
 B. FLAMINGO BALANCE TEST
Non-slippery surface, stopwatch. It can be
Infrastructure
performed by just standing on one leg on a thin line
/Equipment
for 5 to 8 years old or a beam for 9 to 18 years old.

Procedure:-
Stand on the line or beam(according to the age)
If you require, you can take the help of the instructor to keep balance
in the starting while balancing on the preferred leg the free leg should
be banned at the knee and the foot of this leg should be held close to
your buttocks. Start the stopwatch as the instructor lets go of the
participant.
Scoring:-
The total number of falls or loss of balance in
60 seconds is recorded. In case there are more
than 15 falls in the first 30 seconds. The test is
terminated for the participant.
 C. COORDINATION TEST/PLATE TAPPING TEST

Infrastructure Table (adjustable height) ,to grey discs 20 cm

/Equipment diameter, rectangle 30* 20 cm stopwatch

Procedure:-
If possible, the height of the table should be
adjusted so that the participant is standing
comfortably in front of the disc. The 02 grey discs
are placed with their centre 60 cm apart on the
table .
The rectangle is placed at an equal distance
between the both discs. The non-preferred hand
is placed on the rectangle.
Scoring:-
The participant move the preferred hand back
and forth between the discs over the hand in the The time taken to
middle as quickly as possible. This action is complete 25
repeatedly for 25 full cycles (50 taps). cycles is recorded
2. Battery of test for the age group
9-18 years/class 4 to 12

A. Body Composition/BMI
B. Partial Curl Up
C. Push-ups (for boys )
Modified Push-ups (for girls)
D. 50m Standing Start
E. 600m Run/Walk
F. Sit & Reach test
 B. PARTIAL CURL-UPS
Purpose- To test the strength and endurance of abdominal muscles

Equipment Required- A flat cleaned surface, a mat, recording sheet & pen

Procedure:-
The subject lies in supine position on cushioned surface. The knees
should be flexed & feet should be 12inches from buttocks. The head
should be in neutral position. The subjects curls up with slow
controlled movement,until his/her shoulders come off the
cushioned surface or mat 02 inches then backdown again.
01 complete curl up is completed every 03 seconds.

Scoring:-

Record the total number of partial curl up in

30 seconds
Curl up should not be counted if the
shoulders are not raised up to by 02 inches.
 C. PUSH - UPS (FOR BOYS)
Purpose- To test or measure the upper body strength and endurance

Equipment Required- A floor mat and a sheet to record information

Procedure-
After proper warming up, ask the subject to take position. In a push-ups
position, hands and toes should touch the floor/mat. Hands should be
shoulder width apart. The upper body and legs should be in a straight line.
Elbows should be fully extended, keeping the back and knee straight. The
subject lowers the upper body so that elbows may bend to 90° or chest
may touch the mat/flood then return back to the starting position with the
arms extended. This is one repetition.

Record the total number

of push-up performed
Scoring:- correctly
 MODIFIED PUSH- UPS (FOR GIRLS))
To test or measure the upper body strength
Purpose-
and endurance
Equipment Required- A floor mat and a sheet to record information

Procedure-
Atfer proper warming up, ask the subject to take position. In a modified
push-ups position, hands and knees should touch the floor/mat. Both the
Hands should be shoulder width apart. The body from the knees, to the
hips and to the shoulder should be in a straight line. While keeping this
position, the subject should lower her upper body, so that Elbows may be
bend to 90 degrees. Then the subject return back to the starting
position.This is one repetition.

Scoring:-

Record the total number of

push-up performed correctly
 D. 50M DASH OR 50M STANDING START
Purpose- To determine or measure the speed and acceleration
Measuring Tape, 02 stopwatches, flat and clean
Equipment Required-
surface of 60 m

Procedure-
An area of 50 m is marked on a track. Two parallel lines are drawn
50 m apart. Considering one as starting line. The subject takes the
starting position behind the starting line. The starter commands,
“Are you ready?” and “Go”. The word “Go” is accompanied by
downward sweep of the starter’s arm as a single to the timer. Two
subject can run at the same time, if there are two stopwatches.

Scoring:-

The score is recorded in seconds to

the nearest 10th of a second
 E- 600M RUN/WALK
Purpose - To measure the cardiovascular endurance.
Equipment Required- 600 m running area in 200 or 400 m track and stopwatch

Procedure-
The subject takes the position of standing right behind
the starting line. At the signal of “Ready” and “Go” he
subject starts running 600 yard distance. During the
course of running he may walk. In this test, many
students can run at the same time. Time is recorded in
minutes and seconds.

Scoring:-
Time is recorded in minutes and seconds
 F. SIT AND REACH TEST
(Wells & Dillon in 1952)
Purpose - To measure the flexibility of hip region, including
the lower back and hamstring muscles

Equipment Required- Sit & reach box or a makeshift ruler

Procedure-
First of all, shoes and socks should be removed. Then sit down on the floor with legs stretched
out straight ahead. The soles of the feet should be kept flat against the box. Both the knees
should be locked & pressed flat to the floor. An assistant may hold the knees down. Palms
should be facing downwards.Hands should be one the top of each other or side by side. The
individua, whose flexibility is to be measured tries to extend his both hands forward along the
measuring line on the box as far as he can extend. His fingertips of both hands should remain
equal & at the same level. He should not jerk or bounces to reach maximum distance. He
should hold the full reach position for 02 seconds & the score should be recorded.

Scoring:-
The score is recorded to the nearest centimetre or
half inch based on the distance reached by
fingertips of both hands.
 COMPUTING BASAL METABOLIC
RATE(BMR)
Every individual burns calories persistently
throughout the day in order to sustain basic life
functions such as breathing, circulation, cell
production, digestion, absorption of nutrients, etc.

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and Resting metabolic

rate (RMR) are the terms usually used
interchangeably. These terms are very similar.
However, there is a slight difference between BMR
and RMR. So it is essential to understand the
meaning of these terms.
 COMPUTING BASAL METABOLIC
RATE(BMR)
1. Basal Metabolic Rate(BMR)
Harris and Benedict (H & B) in 1918 and revised it in 1984
Basal metabolic rate is minimum number of calories, a person
need to sustain his basic life functions, Should they rest for the
entire 24 hours of a day. It is accurately measured in lab setting.

Men: 88.362+(13.379*weight in kg) + (4.739*height in cm) -

(5.677*age in years)

447.593+(9.247*weight in kg) + (3.098*height in cm) -

(4.330*age in years)

For eg- a female is 38 year old. Her height is 167.6cm and her
body weight is 65.9kg. Her BMR will be 1411 calories
approximately if you compute details in equation.
 COMPUTING BASAL METABOLIC
RATE(BMR)
2. Resting Metabolic Rate(RMR)
The Mifflin-St Jeor equation was created in 1990.
Resting metabolic rate is an estimate of the number of calories
a person burns during a period of an activity or rest. It is
usually measured in the morning before you eat or excessive
and after full night sound sleep

Men: (9.99*weight in kg) + (6.25*height in cm) -

(4.92*age in years) + 5

Women: (9.99*weight in kg) + (6.25*height in cm) -

(5*age in years) - 161
For eg- if a 55 year old women’s body weight is 59kg & her height is
168cm,her BMR will be 1204 calories per day with this equation.
 MEASUREMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR
FITNESS: HARVARD STEP TEST
Cardiovascular fitness is the ability of the heart & lungs to
suppy oxygen rich blood to the working muscles tissues & the
ability of the muscles to use that oxygen to produce energy
for movements.

Harvard Step Test:

It is a cardiovascular fitness test. It is also called aerobic fitness
test. It was developed by Brouha and others in 1943.

It is used to measure the cardiovascular fitness

Purpose -
or aerobic fitness by checking the recovery rate
Equipment required
A Gym bench or box of 20 inches high for men and 16
inches for woman, stopwatch and cadence tape
COMPUTATION OF FITNESS INDEX

1. Fitness index score (long term)

100 * test duration in seconds

2 * Sum of heartbeats

2. Fitness Index Score (short term)

100* test duration in seconds

5.5 * pulse count b/w 1 to 1.5 min. after exercise
 HARVARD STEP TEST:
Procedure-
The athlete stands in front of the bench or box. On the command “Go” (Athlete) steps up and
down on the bench or box at the rate of 30 steps per minute for 05 minutes (150 steps).
Stopwatch is switched on simultaneously at the start of steppin. After that, the Athlete sit
down immediately after completion of the test i.e., after 05 minutes. The total number of
heartbeats accounted between 01 to 1.5 min after completion of the test. The heart beat are
counted for 30sec. Period. Again the heartbeat are noted for 30 sec. after the finishing of
the test. After that, for the third time, the heartbeat are noted after 03 min. of completion of
the test for 30sec. period. The same foot must start the stepmup each time, and an erect
posture must be assumed on the bench.

Calculation of the score

(100*test duration in seconds)

Fitness Index Score =
(2* sum of heartbeats)
ADVANTAGES
Minimum Equipment are required for
conducting this test.
It requires minimal cost.
It is simple to set up & conduct.

Height of the box or bench remains same for tall

individuals & short individuals.
It will be easy for tall individuals & difficult for short
individuals.
The individuals who are overweight, it will be difficult for
them.
 ROCKPORT ONE MILE TEST
It is also known as Rockport Fitness walking Test.
The objectives of this test is to check or observe the development of
the individual’s VO2 max. i.e., maximum volume of oxygen.

Equipment Required- 400m track, stopwatch & weighing scale

Procedure
While conducting or administering this test, it should be a windless day.
First of all, take the body weight of the individual on a perfect weighing
machine. The weight should be taken with minimum clothes on body of the
individual. Then mark the starting point on a 400 m track(1mile =1609m).
The individual has to run the distance of the 1 mile in minimum time. So,
record the time of while with a stopwatch.. Immediately immediately after
finishing the 1 mile walk/run, record the heartbeat(beats/min) with manual
or monitor method. The monitor orECG/EEG can. be used to get a more
accurate heartrate.
 Calculation of VO2 max.
132.853-(0.0769 * body weight) - [0.3877*age+
(6.135*gender) - 3.2649*time] - (0.1565*heart rate)

Where:-

Body weight is in pounds(lbs)

Gender: Male = 1 & Female=0
Time is in minutes & 100th of minute.
Heart rate is in beats/min.
Age is in years.
ADVANTAGES
Minimum equipment are required.
It is simple to set up & conduct.
It can be conducted by the athlete.
This test can be conducted one more than one
individual at a time.

Specific facilities are required for this test.

 RIKLI & JONES: SENIOR
CITIZENS TEST
This test is also known as FULLERTON
FUNCTIONAL TEST of senior citizens. RIKLI and
JONES developed the senior fitness test in 2001.

This test has to be beneficial for senior citizens. It

is significant to plan safe and effective physical
exercise programs for senior citizens because an
individual’s health and fitness level can be known
better with the help of this test.
 A. CHAIR STAND TEST
Purpose - To measure the lower body strength.
A chair with a sraight back & seat of at
Equipment Required-
least 44cm & a stopwatch.
Procedure-
Keep the chair against the wall. The participant sit in the middle of
the seat. His feet should be shoulder width apart & flat on the
floor. The arms should be crossed at the wrists & held close to the
chest. From the sitting position, the participant should stand up
completely & then sit down completely at the start of the signal.
This is repeated for 30 sec.

Scoring:-

The score is the total number of

completed chair stands during the given
30 seconds.
 B. ARM CURL TEST
Purpose - To measure the upper body strength and endurance
A 5 pound weight for woman and 8 pound weight
Equipment Required-
for men, a chair without arm and stopwatch
Procedure-
It is performed with the dominant arm side. The participant sits on the
chair, holds the weight in the hand using a suitcase grip. It means the
palms should be facing towards the body. The arm should be in vertical
downward position. The upper arm should not move but the lower arm
should move freely. When the arm is lowered through the complete
range of motion,gradually return to the same position. The arm should
be completel bent & then completely straightened at the elbow.

Scoring:-

The score is the total number of arm curls

performed within the given 30 seconds
duration
 C. CHAIR SIT & REACH TEST
Purpose - To measure the lower body flexibility
Equipment Required- Ruler , a chair with a straight
back(about 44cm high)
Procedure-
The participant sit on the edge of the chair. One foot should remain
flat on the floor, while the other leg should be extended forward with
the knee in straight position. Heel should be on the floor and ankle
should be bent at 90°. Place one hand on the top of the other tip of
the middle finger at the same level. His back should be straight and
head up. Avoid any jerk or bounce and never stretch too much. Keep
the knee straight and hold the reach for 02 seconds. The distance is
measured between the tip of the finger tips and the toes.

Scoring:-
The score is noted down to the nearest 1/2 inch or 1 cm
as the distance reached either a negative or positive
score.
 D. BACK SCRATCH TEST
Purpose - To measure the upper body flexibility
Equipment Required- A Ruler

Procedure-
This test is performed in a standing position. Keep one hand behind the
head and lower it down, gradually over the shoulder and reach as far as
possible at the middle of your back. Your palm should touch your body and
the finger should be downloads. Then carry your other arm behind your
back with Palm facing outward and fingers facing upward and try to reach
up as far as possible in order to touch or overlap the middle finger of the
other hand. Measure the distance between the tips of the fingers. If the
finger tips touch, then the score is zero.

Scoring:-

Record the best score out of two trials to

the nearest centimetre or 1/2 inch
 E. EIGHT FOOT UP and GO TEST
Purpose - To measure the coordination and agility
A chair with straight back (about 44 cm high),
Equipment Required- a stopwatch, cone marker, measuring tape
and an area without any hindrance.
Procedure-
Keep a chair next to the wall and place the cone
marker 8 feet away in front of the chair. The
participant is initially completed seated, hands
resting on the knee and feet flat on the ground.
On the command “Go”, stopwatch is switched
and the participant stands and walks (no running
at all) as quick as possible towards the cone,
turns around and return to the chair to sit down.
Time is noted as he sits down on the chair.

Scoring:-
The Best trial is recorded to the nearest 1/10th second
 F. SIX MINUTE WALK TEST
Purpose - To measure the aerobic fitness or aerobic endurance

Equipment Required- A measuring tape and a stopwatch

Procedure-
The walking distance or course is marked i.e., 45.72m or 50
yards in rectangular area(20*5yards of 5 yards with cones
placed at regular intervals to indicate the distance covered.
Efforts are made to walk maximum distance as quick as
possible in six minutes.

Scoring:-

The total distance covered in six minutes is

recorded to the nearest meter
JOHNSON: METHNEY TEST
OF MOTOR EDUCABILITY
This test was designed in 1932 by Johnson to
measure the native neuromuscular skill capacity.
It consisted of ten motor stunts.

In 1938 Methney while studying the Johnson test

found that only four stunts correlated highly with
the total Johnsons.

By eliminating of the six motor stunts from the

Johnson test Methney modified the mat area used
in the Johnson test.
 PURPOSE OF THIS TEST
This test is to measure the neuro-muscular skill
capacity.

Test Area
The length & width of the mat area is 15 feet & 2 feet,respectively. The 15 feet
length is divided into ten sections, of 18” each. The width of transverse line is
3/4” & 3” alternatively as given in the figure. Centre of lines remains 18” apart.
Another 3/4” wide line is marked lengthwise in the middle of the mat area.
The test battery consist of the following four motor stunts:

1. FRONT ROLL

Ignoring the long middle dividing line, the subject is asked to

start outside the marked area and perform two front trolls, one
up to 7.5ft i.e.,3 inch wide centre line and the other in the
second half of 7 .5. The subject is to perform the roles without
touching the limits or over the zone mentioned above.
2. BACK ROLL
The test is similar to front roll both in performing and scoring.

Scoring -
Each correct role gets five point,hence maximum of 10 points.
Two points are deducted for overreaching sideline right or left
for each role.
One point is deducted for overreaching the end limit on each
role.
Full five points are deducted when the subject fails to perform a
true front role.
 3. JUMPING HALF TURNS

The subject is asked to start with feet on first 3 inch line,

jump with both feet to second 3 inch wide line,
executing a half turn either right or left, jump to 3 inch
line executing half turn in opposite direction to first half
turn and then to 4th and 5th 3rd inch wide lines
executing half turnes, right or left alternatively.
3. JUMPING HALF TURNS

Scoring -
Perfect execution of four jumps is worth 10 points.
Only 02 points are deducted for each wrong jump
when the subject either does not land with both
feet on a 3-inch line or turns the wrong way or both.
 4. JUMPING FULL TURNS

The subject is asked to start with the feet outside the

marked area at about the centre of the lane. He/she is
required to jump with both feet together to second
rectangular space, executing a full turn with the Body either
right or left, continue jumping to alternate rectangular
space across the marked mat executing full turns, rotating
body in same direction, landing on both feet every time.
 4. JUMPING FULL TURNS

Scoring -
Perfect execution of five jump is worth 10 points.
02 points are deducted if the subject fails to keep
balance on landing on both feet, turns too far or
oversteps the squares.