Design & Implementation of GPS & GSM Based

Vehicle Accident Notification System.

Submitted By

Sagar Ahmed – 192020237

SM Jaman – 192020285
Md. Rashedul Hoque – 191020206
Rashman Ibn Rahman – 171020033

Supervised By

Mr. Kalyan Mondol

Assistant Professor
Dept. of EEE , The International University of Scholars.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering.

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering.

The International University of Scholars.
 DECLARATION

We, hereby, declare that the work presented in this thesis is the outcome of the project
performed by us under the supervision of Mr. Kalyan Mondol ,Assistant Professor Dept. of
EEE , The International University of Scholars , Dhaka, Bangladesh. We also declare that no
part of this thesis has been or is being submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or
diploma.

Candidate’s Signature

---------------------------------
Sagar Ahmed – 192020237

-----------------------------
SM Jaman – 192020285

------------------------------------------
Md. Rashedul Hoque – 191020206

------------------------------------------
Rashman Ibn Rahman - 171020033

Supervisor ,

........................
Mr. Kalyan Mondol
Assistant Professor
Dept. of EEE , The International University of Scholars.
 LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE

This Thesis Project entitled “Design & Implementation of GPS & GSM Based Vehicle Accident
Notification System” submitted by Sagar Ahmed – 192020237 , SM Jaman – 192020285, Md.
Rashedul Hoque – 191020206, Rashman Ibn Rahman – 171020033 to the Department of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Scholars Dhaka, Bangladesh is accepted by
the department in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of
Science and Engineering.

......................
Mr. Kalyan Mondol
Assistant Professor
Dept. of EEE ,
The International University of Scholars.

. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shaiyek Md. Buland Taslim
Head
Dept. of EEE ,
The International University of Scholars.
 ABSTRACT

In this project, vehicle accident detection and rescue information system is developed in
order to detect vehicle accident and send the location information of the accident place
to vehicle owner, nearest hospital and police. The communication between the
cellphone and hardware device is established via GSM/GPRS shield, and the location is
traced by using the GPS shield. The accident is detected through accelerometer sensors,.
The project is developed for real time data fetching form the hardware device using
sensors and send notification to different users either through android mobile
application or SMS. This project approximately provides the accurate detection of the
location of accident occurred, and send notification to the nearest police station and
hospital.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First of all, we would like to thank almighty Allah for giving us strength, patience and
knowledge to complete this project work.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our supervisor Mr. Kalayan Mondol
for the continuous support, for his patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. His
guidance helped us in all the time of work and writing of this thesis. We could not have
imagined having a better supervisor and mentor for this project.

We would like to thank our friends for their feedback, cooperation and of course
friendship.

In addition, we would like to express our gratitude to the faculty members of the
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE),University Of Scholars,
Dhaka, Bangladesh who helped us with their feedback.

Last but not least, we would like to thank our family, our parents and to our brothers
and sisters for supporting us.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION..........................................................................................................ii

LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE......................................................................................iii

ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................................................................v

TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................vi

LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................1

LIST OF ABBREVIATION..........................................................................................2

LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................3

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..................................................................................4

1.1 Background.....................................................................................................................4

1.2 Objective.........................................................................................................................6

1.3 Motivation.......................................................................................................................6

1.4 Outline of the report........................................................................................................8

CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND STUDY......................................................................9

2.1 GSM : The revolution of Technology.............................................................................9

2.2 Architecture of GSM.....................................................................................................10

Interface Layer....................................................................................................................10

Service layer........................................................................................................................11

Networking or Communication Layer................................................................................11

Sensing Layer......................................................................................................................12

2.3 GSM Security................................................................................................................12

2.4 Hardware specification..................................................................................................13

Arduino 13

2.5 GSM, GPS, GSRM Shied (SIM900A)..............................................................15

Features 15

Board Description...............................................................................................................17

2.6 Accelerometer Gravity Sensor..........................................................................20

2.7 Previous Related Works....................................................................................20

CHAPTER 3: DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY.....................................................23

3.1 Decisions of design specification and hardware...........................................................23

3.2 Hardware connection, Program for hardware &web service........................................24

Hardware Connection:........................................................................................................24

3.3 Algorithm for Accident Detection................................................................................25

3.4 Communication with web server and sending notification...........................................25

3.5 Calculation of shortest distance....................................................................................26

3.6 Project flow chart:.........................................................................................................27

CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION..........................................................................28

4.1 Embedded device..........................................................................................................28

4.2 Circuit connection:............................................................................................28

4.3 Arduino Programming.......................................................................................29

4.4 Configuration ...............................................................................................................30

 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION.....................................................................................36

Overall Conclusion..............................................................................................................36

Future Work........................................................................................................................36

REFERENCE..............................................................................................................37

APPENDIX.................................................................................................................39
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: GSM connecting the physical world to the web.............................................9

Figure 2.2: GSM Basic layer architecture.......................................................................10

Figure 2.3: Arduino UNO................................................................................................13

Figure 2.4: GSM/GPRS/GPS/Bluetooth SIM808 Shield (B)..........................................15

Figure 2.5: GSM/GPRS/GPS/Bluetooth SIM808 Shield (B) Board Description...........17

Figure 2.6: IIC / I2C 1602 Blue Backlight LCD Display Module[13]...........................19

Figure 2.7: Accelerometer Gravity Sensor......................................................................20

Figure 3.1: Block Diagram of the project........................................................................23

Figure 3.2: Block Diagram of the Hardware...................................................................24

Figure 3.3: Flow Chart for the complete design methodology........................................27

Figure 4.1: Actual Picture of the Embedded Device.......................................................28

Figure 4.2: Arduino IDE & Program...............................................................................29

 LIST OFABBREVIATION

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

GSM Global System For Mobile Communication

GPS Global Positioning System

VTS Vehicle Tracking Syetem

HTTP Hypertext Tranfer Protocol

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The advent
of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accident take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency
facilities. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back by using
GSM, GPS and Accelerometer. In addition to, it also takes the precaution to prevent the
accident by using alcohol sensor and Temperature sensor used to detect fire. The system
will send the accident location acquired from GPS along with the time. This will help to
reach the rescue service in time and save the valuable human life. Using IoT technique a
vehicle tracking system (VTS) can be built. A vehicle tracking system combines the use
of automatic vehicle location of individual vehicles with software that collects these
fleet data for a comprehensive picture of vehicle locations. Modern vehicle tracking
systems commonly use GPS or GLONASS technology for locating the vehicle, but
other types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used. Vehicle
information can be viewed on electronic maps via internet with specialized software.
The history of vehicle tracking dates to the beginning of GPS technology in 1978. In the
early years, the technology was not yet operational, due to an insufficient number of
satellites orbiting the earth. On Jan. 17, 1994, after years of gradual growth, the final of
the first 24 satellites was launched, and the GPS system was considered fully
operational. Early GPS was designed primarily only for military but in 1996, President
Bill Clinton determined that the system would be an asset to civilians as well as the
military. This policy change made GPS technology available to the average individual,
including fleet managers, who could see the benefit of using the technology to keep tabs
on their vehicles. In the early days of fleet tracking, in order to properly track a fleet,
each vehicle had to be enabled with a costly GPS device. The company was required to
pay a typically high monthly fee to use the satellite tracking system. While helpful,
these early systems were difficult to implement, costly to use and sometimes
inconvenient for drivers and fleet management alike. Thus it took several
years for the concept to catch on. In the earliest days, only large, wealthy fleets took
advantage of the technology. The modern fleet tracking system provides the necessary
data to fleet managers allowing them to run their operations more efficiently. Reports on
driver behavior, vehicle performance and fuel use all make it easier for the fleet
manager to cut costs and increase efficiencies. These systems go beyond simple
reporting of each vehicle’s location, offering fleet managers a wealth of information
about their vehicles and their drivers .

Major constituents of the GPS-based tracking are:

1. GPS tracking: The device fits into the vehicle and captures the GPS
location information apart from other vehicle information at regular intervals
to a central server. Other vehicle information can include fuel amount,
engine temperature, altitude, reverse geocoding, door open/close, tire
pressure, cut off fuel, turn off ignition, turn on headlight, turn on taillight,
battery status, GSM area code/cell code decoded, number of GPS satellites
in view, glass open/close, fuel amount, emergency button status, cumulative
idling, computed odometer, engine RPM, throttle position, GPRS status and
a lot more. Capability of these devices actually decide the final capability of
the whole tracking system; most vehicle tracking systems, in addition to
providing the vehicle's location data, feature a wide range of communication
ports that can be used to integrate other on board systems, allowing to check
their status and control or automate their operation.
2. GPS tracking server: The tracking server has three responsibilities:
receiving data from the GPS tracking unit, securely storing it, and serving
this information on demand to the user.
3. User interface: The UI determines how one will be able to access
information, view vehicle data, and elicit important details from it.

In Bangladesh this VTS is available. There are some company like GP, ROBI provides
Vehicle Tracking Service (VTS) which has some common features like tracking the
vehicle using satellite GPS & GSM communication. But there is no system which can
detect accident and also give the service of VTS. Here comes carsafe project which can
detect speed of a car, location of a car, and if there is any accident occur it can
communicate automatically to the nearest police station, hospital and owner to reduce
instant loss or damage.
1.2 Objective

Here the following objectives are set, in the view of above mentioned research
background for the present work in VTS, accident detection and rescue information
system.

1. To design a vehicle accident detection and rescue information system based on

GSM/GPRS/GPS technology.
2. To implement a web service for the vehicle owner, nearest police station and
hospital to receive notification about the accident occurance and its location.

1.3 Motivation

In Bangladesh, there are some company provides vehicle tracking system. Every VTS
do the same thing like speed check, track vehicle. Some VTS can detect an accident.
But there is no VTS that gives notification to the nearest hospital and police station if
any accident occurs. In Bangladesh, where a person who faces an accident get less
facility in treatment there need a system that can communicate to the nearest hospital
and police station. Statistics shows, there are more than 3,000 people die on
Bangladesh's roads every year. The country has one of the highest rates in the world,
with more than 85 deaths for every 10,000 registered motor vehicles. That's around 50
times higher than the rate in most western countries. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), road traffic injuries cause a loss of about 2% of GDP in
Bangladesh, or about £1.2bn annually. This is almost equal to the total foreign aid
received in a fiscal year. The losses include direct and indirect expenses, such as
medical costs, insurance loss, property damage, family income losses and traffic
congestion [3].

Table 1.1: Road Accident and Casualties Statistics (2009-2016) (Source:

Bangladesh Police)

Year Number Of Accident Death Injury

2009 3381 2958 2686

2010 2827 2646 1803

2011 2667 2546 1641

 2012 2636 2538 2134

2013 2029 1957 1396

2014 2027 2067 1535

2015 2394 2376 1958

2016 (Up to July ) 1489 1422 1289

Now-a-days lots of accidents happen on highways due to increase in traffic and also due
to rash driving of the drivers. And in many situations the family members or the
ambulance and police authority is not informed in time. This result in delaying the help
reached to the person suffered due to an accident. A serious accident occurs at
nightmare and it might be not caught sight of other people then the victim is unable to
call some emergency services by himself don’t get help at the right time. If other may
see the accident but they don’t have the number of hospital or police station. So It take’s
lots of time to inform a nearest hospital or police station. That increase the vulnerability
of life of the people who got into accident. Besides, Many people died on the way to the
hospital due to lack of information about nearest hospital or delay for waiting for the
ambulance. This project will implement a system that can detect accident and show the
nearest hospital to the car passengers, also a hospital and police station will get notified
about any accident occurred near to the hospital and police station. So that, the hospital
and police station can send rescue team in very short time. This project will help to
reduce the greater loss and damage for any accident.
1.4 Outline of the report

The outline of the rest of this report has been structured as follows.

Chapter 2 presents the background study for the project and hardware specification of
the components used in the project it also describes the technical previous related works
on the topic of VTS and IoT..

Chapter 3 explains methodology of the project that how the project being implemented.

Chapter 4 presents the real implementation of the project. The hardware, web services
including website and mobile application.

Chapter 5 outlines conclusion of this work precisely and also describes the scope of
future work for possible extended application of the project.
 CHAPTER 2

BACKGROUND STUDY

2.1 GSM Communication

The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by

the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for
second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as mobile phones
and tablets. GSM is also a trade mark owned by the GSM Association. GSM may also refer to
the Full Rate voice codec.
It was first implemented in Finland in December 1991. By the mid-2010s, it became a global
standard for mobile communications achieving over 90% market share, and operating in over
193 countries and territories.
2G networks developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks. The
GSM standard originally described a digital, circuit-switched network optimized for full
duplex voice telephony. This expanded over time to include data communications, first
by circuit-switched transport, then by packet data transport via General Packet Radio
Service (GPRS), and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).
Subsequently, the 3GPP developed third-generation (3G) UMTS standards, followed by the
fourth-generation (4G) LTE Advanced and the fifth-generation 5G standards, which do not form
part of the ETSI GSM standard.
As a result of the network's widespread use across Europe, the acronym "GSM" was briefly used
as a generic term for mobile phones in France, the Netherlands, Bulgaria and in Belgium. A
great number of people in Belgium still use it to date. Beginning in the late 2010s, various
carriers worldwide started to shut down their GSM networks.

2.2 History

In 1983, work began to develop a European standard for digital cellular voice
telecommunications when the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications
Administrations (CEPT) set up the Groupe Spécial Mobile (GSM) committee and later provided
a permanent technical-support group based in Paris. Five years later, in 1987, 15 representatives
from 13 European countries signed a memorandum of understanding in Copenhagen to develop
and deploy a common cellular telephone system across Europe, and EU rules were passed to
make GSM a mandatory standard.The decision to develop a continental standard eventually
resulted in a unified, open, standard-based network which was larger than that in the United
States.
In February 1987 Europe produced the first agreed GSM Technical Specification. Ministers
from the four big EU countries cemented their political support for GSM with the Bonn
Declaration on Global Information Networks in May and the GSM MoU was tabled for
signature in September. The MoU drew in mobile operators from across Europe to pledge to
invest in new GSM networks to an ambitious common date.
In this short 38-week period the whole of Europe (countries and industries) had been brought
behind GSM in a rare unity and speed guided by four public officials: Armin Silberhorn
(Germany), Stephen Temple (UK), Philippe Dupuis (France), and Renzo Failli (Italy). In 1989
the Groupe Spécial Mobile committee was transferred from CEPT to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).The IEEE/RSE awarded to Thomas
Haug and Philippe Dupuis the 2018 James Clerk Maxwell medal for their "leadership in the
development of the first international mobile communications standard with subsequent
evolution into worldwide smartphone data communication".The GSM (2G) has evolved into 3G,
4G and 5G.
2.3 Network structure
The network is structured into several discrete sections:

 Base station subsystem – the base stations and their controllers

 Network and Switching Subsystem – the part of the network most similar to a fixed network,
sometimes just called the "core network"
 GPRS Core Network – the optional part which allows packet-based Internet connections
 Operations support system (OSS) – network maintenance
The coverage area of each cell varies according to the implementation environment. Macro cells
can be regarded as cells where the base-station antenna is installed on a mast or a building above
average rooftop level. Micro cells are cells whose antenna height is under average rooftop level;
they are typically deployed in urban areas. Picocells are small cells whose coverage diameter is a
few dozen meters; they are mainly used indoors. Femtocells are cells designed for use in
residential or small-business environments and connect to a telecommunications service
provider's network via a broadband-internet connection. Umbrella cells are used to cover
shadowed regions of smaller cells and to fill in gaps in coverage between those cells.
Cell horizontal radius varies – depending on antenna height, antenna gain,
and propagation conditions – from a couple of hundred meters to several tens of kilometers. The
longest distance the GSM specification supports in practical use is 35 kilometres (22 mi). There
are also several implementations of the concept of an extended cell,where the cell radius could
be double or even more, depending on the antenna system, the type of terrain, and the timing
advance.
GSM supports indoor coverage – achievable by using an indoor picocell base station, or
an indoor repeater with distributed indoor antennas fed through power splitters – to deliver the
radio signals from an antenna outdoors to the separate indoor distributed antenna system.
Picocells are typically deployed when significant call capacity is needed indoors, as in shopping
centers or airports. However, this is not a prerequisite, since indoor coverage is also provided by
in-building penetration of radio signals from any nearby cell.
2.4 GSM carrier frequencies
GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency ranges (separated into GSM
frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G), with most 2G GSM networks
operating in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Where these bands were already allocated, the
850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands were used instead (for example in Canada and the United
States). In rare cases the 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned in some countries
because they were previously used for first-generation systems.
For comparison, most 3G networks in Europe operate in the 2100 MHz frequency band. For
more information on worldwide GSM frequency usage, see GSM frequency bands.
Regardless of the frequency selected by an operator, it is divided into timeslots for individual
phones. This allows eight full-rate or sixteen half-rate speech channels per radio frequency.
These eight radio timeslots (or burst periods) are grouped into a TDMA frame. Half-rate
channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot. The channel data rate for all 8
channels is 270.833 kbit/s, and the frame duration is 4.615 ms.
The transmission power in the handset is limited to a maximum of 2 watts in GSM
850/900 and 1 watt in GSM 1800/1900.

2.5 GSM Security

GSM was intended to be a secure wireless system. It has considered the user authentication
using a pre-shared key and challenge–response, and over-the-air encryption. However, GSM is
vulnerable to different types of attack, each of them aimed at a different part of the network.
The development of UMTS introduced an optional Universal Subscriber Identity
Module (USIM), that uses a longer authentication key to give greater security, as well as
mutually authenticating the network and the user, whereas GSM only authenticates the user to
the network (and not vice versa). The security model therefore offers confidentiality and
authentication, but limited authorization capabilities, and no non-repudiation.
GSM uses several cryptographic algorithms for security. The A5/1, A5/2, and A5/3 stream
ciphers are used for ensuring over-the-air voice privacy. A5/1 was developed first and is a
stronger algorithm used within Europe and the United States; A5/2 is weaker and used in other
countries. Serious weaknesses have been found in both algorithms: it is possible to break A5/2 in
real-time with a ciphertext-only attack, and in January 2007, The Hacker's Choice started the
A5/1 cracking project with plans to use FPGAs that allow A5/1 to be broken with a rainbow
table attack. The system supports multiple algorithms so operators may replace that cipher with a
stronger one.
Since 2000, different efforts have been made in order to crack the A5 encryption algorithms.
Both A5/1 and A5/2 algorithms have been broken, and their cryptanalysis has been revealed in
the literature. As an example, Karsten Nohl developed a number of rainbow tables (static values
which reduce the time needed to carry out an attack) and have found new sources for known
plaintext attacks.[25] He said that it is possible to build "a full GSM interceptor...from open-
source components" but that they had not done so because of legal concerns. [26] Nohl claimed
that he was able to intercept voice and text conversations by impersonating another user to listen
to voicemail, make calls, or send text messages using a seven-year-old Motorola cellphone and
decryption software available for free online.
GSM uses General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) for data transmissions like browsing the web.
The most commonly deployed GPRS ciphers were publicly broken in 2011.
The researchers revealed flaws in the commonly used GEA/1 and GEA/2 (standing for GPRS
Encryption Algorithms 1 and 2) ciphers and published the open-source "gprsdecode" software
for sniffing GPRS networks. They also noted that some carriers do not encrypt the data (i.e.,
using GEA/0) in order to detect the use of traffic or protocols they do not like (e.g., Skype),
leaving customers unprotected. GEA/3 seems to remain relatively hard to break and is said to be
in use on some more modern networks. If used with USIM to prevent connections to fake base
stations and downgrade attacks, users will be protected in the medium term, though migration to
128-bit GEA/4 is still recommended.
The first public cryptanalysis of GEA/1 and GEA/2 (also written GEA-1 and GEA-2) was done
in 2021. It concluded that although using a 64-bit key, the GEA-1 algorithm actually provides
only 40 bits of security, due to a relationship between two parts of the algorithm. The
researchers found that this relationship was very unlikely to have happened if it wasn't
intentional. This may have been done in order to satisfy European controls on export of
cryptographic programs.
2.6 Hardware specification.

Arduino UNO REV3

Figure 2.3: Arduino UNO

Table 3.1: Arduino Uno Hardware specification [6].

Microcontroller ATmega328P

Operating Voltage 5V

Input Voltage 7-12V

(recommended)

Input Voltage (limit) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

PWM Digital I/O Pins 6

Analog Input Pins 6

DC Current per I/O Pin 20 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by

bootloader

SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328P)

EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328P)

Clock Speed 16 MHz

LED_BUILTIN 13

Length 68.6 mm

Width 53.4 mm

Weight 25 g
GSM, GPS, GSRM Shied (SIM808)

Figure 2.4: GSM/GPRS/GPS/Bluetooth SIM808 Shield (B) [7]

Features

General

 Arduino connectivity, compatible with UNO, Leonardo, NUCLEO, XNUCLEO

 On board USB TO UART converter CP2102 for UART debugging
 5 x LEDs for indicating the module working status
 On board voltage level converter, supports both 3.3V and 5V systems
 SIM card slot for 1.8V/3V SIM card
 Baud rate auto detection (1200bps ~115200bps)
 Bluetooth 3.0, supports data transferring through Bluetooth
 RTC with power supply interface
 Firmware upgradable via USB
 Control via AT commands (3GPP TS 27.007,27.005, and SIMCOM enhanced
AT Commands)
 Supports SIM application toolkit: GSM 11.14 Release 99
 Operating voltage: 6 ~ 12V
 Operation temperature: -40 °C ~ +85 °C
 Storage temperature: -45 °C ~ +90 °
 Table 2.1: Technical Specification on GSM/GPRS of GSM/GPRS/GPS/Bluetooth
SIM808 Shield

Band o GSM 850/EGSM 900/DCS 1800/PCS 1900 MHz

o Quad-band auto search
o Compliant to GSM phase 2/2+

Emitting power o Class 4 (2W @ GSM 850/EGSM 900 MHz)

o Class 1 (1W @ DCS 1800/PCS 1900 MHz)

GPRS connectivity o GPRS multi-slot class 12 (default)

o GPRS multi-slot class 1~12 (configurable)

GPRS data feature o Downlink speed: max 85.6kbps

o Uplink speed: max 85.6kbps
o Coding schemes: CS-1\CS-2\CS-3\CS-4
o Supports PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) for
PPP connection
o Embedded TCP/IP protocol
o Supports PBCCH
o Supports CSD transmission speed: 2.4/4.8/9.6/14.4
kbps
o Supports USSD

SMS o Supports: MT/MO/CB/Text/PDU mode

o SMS storage: SIM card

Audio o Voice encode/decode mode: Half Rate\Full

Rate\Enhanced Full Rate\Adaptive multi rate
o Supports echo cancellation
o Supports noise reduction
Table 2.2: Technical Specification on GPS of GSM/GPRS/GPS/Bluetooth SIM808
Shield

Receiver type o 22 tracking channels

o 66 acquisition channels
o GPS L1 C/A code

Sensitivity o Tracking: -165 dBm

o Cold starts : -148 dBm

Time-To-First-Fix o Cold starts : 30s (typ.)

o Hot starts : < 1s
o Warm starts: 28s

Accuracy o Horizontal position : <2.5m CEP

Board Description [12]

Figure 2.5: GSM/GPRS/GPS/Bluetooth SIM808 Shield (B) Board Description

1. SIM808 module
2. MIC29302 power chip
3. CP2102: USB TO UART converter
4. SMF05C: TVS diode
5. 1N5408: on board rectifier
6. SIM808 functional pins
7. Arduino expansion connector
8. USB TO UART interface
9. DC power jack
10. GPS antenna connector
11. Bluetooth antenna connector
12. Firmware upgrade interface
13. GSM antenna connector
14. SIM card slot
15. 3.5mm earphone/mic jack
16. GPS status indicator
17. CP2102 UART Tx/Rx indicator
18. NET indicator:
a. flashes fast when the module starts up
b. flashes slowly after GSM register succeed
19. Power indicator
20. Power switch
21. SIM808 control button: press the button and hold for 1s, to startup/shutdown the
SIM808
22. Reset button
23. UART selection switch, select controlling the SIM808 via:
a. CP2102
b. UART pins of Arduino interface
24. SIM808 UART configuration:
a. SIM_TX: SIM808 UART TX
b. SIM_RX: SIM808 UART RX
25. IOREF power selection: configure the UART voltage level
2.7 Acclerometer Gravity Sensor.

Figure 2.7: SW-420 NC Type Vibration Sensor Module

ADXL345 Accelerometer module consists of an ADXL345 Accelerometer IC, Voltage

Regulator IC, Level Shifter IC, resistors, and capacitors in an integrated circuit. Different
manufacturers use a different voltage regulator IC.ADXL345 IC from Analog Devices is the
brain of this module. The ADXL345 is a small, thin, low power, complete 3-axis accelerometer
with signal conditioned voltage outputs. The product measures acceleration with a minimum
full-scale range of ±16g.

2.8 Previous Related Works

In many research IoT has been used in vehicle tracking system to find the vehicle location. In
[10], the hardware and software of the GPS and GSM network were developed. The proposed
GPS/GSM based System has the two sections, first is a mobile unit and another is controlling
station. The system forms, interfaces, connections, data transmission and gathering of
information among the mobile unit and control stations are working effectively. These
outcomes are good with GPS technologies.
In [11], a vehicle tracking system is an electronic device, installed in a vehicle to enable
the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's place. This paper proposed to design a
vehicle tracking system that works using GPS and GSM technology. This system built
based on embedded system, used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using
Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM).
This design will continuously watch a moving Vehicle and report the status of the
Vehicle on demand.

In [12], Face Detection System used to detect the face of the driver, and compare with
the predefined face. The car owner is sleeping during the night time and someone theft
the car. At that point Face Detection System obtains pictures by one little web camera,
which is hidden easily in somewhere in the car. Face Detection System compared the
obtained images with the stored images. If the images don't match, then the information
sends to the owner through MMS. The owners get the pictures of the criminal in cell
phone and follow the place through GPS. The place of the car and its speed displayed to
the owner through SMS. The owner can recognize the thief images as well as the place
of the car and can easily find out the hijacker’s image. This system applied in day-to-
day life.

In [13], this system provided vehicle cabin safety, security based on embedded system
by modifying the existing modules. This technique screens the level of the poisonous
gasses, for example, CO, LPG and alcohol inside the vehicle provided alert information
as alarm during the dangerous situations. The SMS sends to the authorized person
through the GSM. In this technique, the IR Sensor used to identify the static obstacle in
front of the vehicle and the vehicle stopped if any obstacle detected. This is avoiding
accidents due to collision of vehicles with any static obstacles.

In [14], Kai-Tai Song and Chih-Chieh Yang have a designed and built on a real-time
visual tracking system for vehicle safety applications. In this paper manufactured a
novel element based vehicle-tracking algorithm, consequently identify and track a few
moving articles, like cars and motorcycles, in front of the following vehicle. Joint with
the concept of focus of expansion (FOE) and view investigation, the built system can
fragment elements of moving articles from moving background and offer a collision
word of warning on real-time. The proposed algorithm using a CMOS image sensor and
NMOS embedded processor architecture. The constructed stand-alone visual tracking
system validated in real road tests. The developed remain solitary visual following
framework approved in genuine street tests. The results provided information of
collision warning in urban artery with speed about 60 km/hour both at night and day
times.

In [15], the remote monitoring system based on SMS and GSM was implemented. In
view of the total design of the system, the hardware and software designed. In this
paper, the GSM network is a medium for transmitting the remote signal. This consists of
two sections that are the checking focus and the remote observing station. The
observing centers consists of a PC and correspondence module of GSM. The software
monitoring center and the remote observing station executed by utilizing VB. The result
of this demonstration shows that the system can watch and control the remote
communication between the monitoring center and the remote checking station.

In [16], the proposed tracking system based on cloud computing infrastructure. The
sensors are used to monitor the fuel level, driver conditions, and speed of the vehicle.
All data exchanged to cloud server using GSM empowered device. All the vehicles
equipped with GPS antenna to find the place. To stay away from the alcoholic and
drive, the alcohol sensor introduced to monitor the driver status. The proposed
technology significantly avoids the accident in highways.
 CHAPTER 3

DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Decisions of design specification and hardware.

The project is combined an accident detection mechanism with a VTS. Hardware used
in this project are listed below:

1. Arduino
2. GSM, GPS, GSRM Shied (SIM900)
3. Accelerometer Gravity Sensor

Figure 3.1: Block Diagram of the project

The above block diagram explains the working procedure of the system which can be
designed for this project. An Arduino UNO is used here for automation and controlling
of the other supporting devices those are GPS, GSM, vibration sensor, LCD display,
puss switch, buzzer etc. Actually this paper gives a practical model of a vehicle accident
detection and rescue information system which can do routing, tracking of moving
vehicle as well as detect accident in large area.

Actually this system consists of two section, the first one is tracking location which is
done by GPS in it and as the car moves the location of the car change continuously, the
GPS finds the location in terms of two co-ordinates that are longitude and latitude.
These two co-ordinates communicate with GSM modem which is shown in the block
diagram.
 The second one is detection of accident through vibration sensor. To detect accident, a
threshold is set to a highest vibration value. If the vibration value is greater than the
threshold value, then it will consider that accident occur and wait 60 second for a
confirmation. After detection of an accident the system send the accident location to the
web server. The web server then informs the car owner and nearest police station and
hospital through web service using web application/ mobile application/ mobile SMS.

Hardware connection, Program for hardware &web service

A hardware and web service is designed to implement the project. The hardware will be
installed in the vehicle and any user can monitor their vehicle by using the web service.
Also any police station and hospital can get the notification of accident occur through
the website.

Hardware Connection:

Figure 3.2: Block Diagram of the Hardware.

Algorithm for Accident Detection

Flow chart for accident detection is given below:

Step 1: Start the program.

Step 2: Read vibration sensor data.

Step 3: If sensor value is more than limit go to step 4, otherwise go to step 2.

Step 4: Ask Driver for confirm accident. Set wait time 60 second.

Step 5: If Driver confirm accident go to step 6, otherwise go to step 7.

Step 6: Send notification to web server owner account, nearest police station, hospital
 also send SMS. Go to step 2.

Step 7: Decrement wait time each second.

Step 8: if wait time = 0 second go to step 9, otherwise go to step 5.

Step 9: go to step 6.

Step 10: Stop.

Communication with GSM and sending notification

The system communicates with the web server through GPRS communication via a
GSM, GPRS Shield. It will send the vehicle location’s latitude and longitude data to
web server upon user request or after detection of accident. The web application will
forward necessary notification to the nearest police station and hospital with the
website, mobile application and mobile SMS.

Project flow chart:

The complete design flow of the project can be depicted by Figure 3.33.

Decisions of design
specification and
hardware

Hardware connection,
Program for hardware & web
service

Algorithm design for

accident detection

Communicate with web server

Notification through
GSM

Figure 3.3: Flow Chart for the complete design methodology.

 CHAPTER 4

IMPLEMENTATION

Embedded device

Circuit connection:

The project is developed by using GSM/GPRS/GPS/Bluetooth Shield SIM808 directly

connected to all the pins of Arduino. Pin 2 of Arduino is used for RX and pin 3 for TX.
3 vibration sensors are connected with Arduino in pin number 8, 9 and 10. A LCD
display is connected at pin number A5, A4. A confirmation switch is connected in pin 6,
and a warning buzzer is added in pin 7.

Figure 4.1: Actual Picture of the Embedded Device

Arduino Programming:

Arduino IDE is used to write program for Arduino Uno Board and to upload the
program to the board.

Figure 4.2: Arduino IDE & Program

 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

Overall Conclusion

The IoT Based Vehicle Accident detection and rescue system is successfully
implemented using database server and API and fulfils all the requirements to be an IoT
based framework. This device is capable of reading and collecting the required data and
sends them securely to the database stored in server. This system can do tracking of a
vehicle which have this device. Besides, if an accident occur this system can
communicate nearest hospital and police station. Police station and hospital’s authority
can see the shortest route to reach the accident spot using this system which have a web
application and mobile application. Web based real time data visualization makes this
system more convenient to see all the data in a clean, formatted and user friendly way.

Future Work

So far, it has been implemented that the system can collect data successfully from
sensors and communicate with web server. In near future, the system can be improved
by using more sensor to detect accident with more accuracy and more different way of
accident detection. This system will try to communicate at least three nearest hospitals if
any major accident occurs and show the shortest path to reach the accident spot.
Moreover, the system will integrate with other system. For example, an insurance
company can use the project database to inquiry about an accident and provide money
to the owner in time. In Bangladesh, traffic jam is very popular word. If people use this
system, the system can collect traffic data and notify the driver about traffic and find out
a way which have less traffic jam.
 REFERENCE

[1] "A Brief History Of GPS Vehicle Tracking", Trackyourtruck.com, 2017.

[Online]. Available: http://www.trackyourtruck.com/blog/brief-history-gps-
vehicle-tracking/. [Accessed: 16- Jul- 2017]

[2] "Vehicle tracking system", En.wikipedia.org, 2017. [Online]. Available:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_tracking_system. [Accessed: 16- Jul-
2017]

[3] S. Al-Mahmood, "Bangladesh's road accidents take heavy toll on poor – and on
economy", the Guardian, 2017. [Online]. Available:
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/aug/22/bangladesh-
road-accidents-poor-economy. [Accessed: 15- Jul- 2017]

[4] "How to design an IoT-ready infrastructure: The 4-stage architecture",

TechBeacon, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://techbeacon.com/4-stages-iot-
architecture. [Accessed: 03- Aug- 2017].

[5] 2017. [Online]. Available: http://wso2.com/wso2_resources/wso2_whitepaper_a-

reference-architecture-for-the-internet-of-things.pdf. [Accessed: 09- Aug- 2017]

[6] "Cite a Website - Cite This For Me", Arduino.org, 2017. [Online].
Available:http://www.arduino.org/products/boards/arduino-uno. [Accessed: 02-
Aug- 2017]

[7] "GSM/GPRS/GPS Shield (B), Arduino Shield Based on SIM808",

Waveshare.com, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.waveshare.com/gsm-
gprs-gps-shield-b.htm. [Accessed: 02- Aug- 2017]

[8] 2017. [Online]. Available: https://opencircuit.nl/ProductInfo/1000061/I2C-LCD-

interface.pdf. [Accessed: 02- Aug- 2017]

[9] S. Module, S. Arduino. and T. If the module does not vibrate, "SW420",
Bdspeedytech.com, 2017. [Online]. Available:
http://bdspeedytech.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=1388&s
earch=sw+420. [Accessed: 02- Aug- 2017]
[10] Asaad M. J. Al-Hindawi, Ibraheem Talib,“Experimentally Evaluation of
GPS/GSM Based System Design”, Journal of Electronic Systems Volume 2
Number 2 June 2012

[11] Kunal Maurya , Mandeep Singh, Neelu Jain, “ Real Time Vehicle Tracking
System using GSM and GPS Technology- An Anti-theft Tracking System,”
International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering. ISSN
2277-1956/V1N3-1103-1107

[12] Vikram Kulkarni & Viswaprakash Babu, “embedded smart car security system
on face detection’, special issue of IJCCT, ISSN(Online):2231-0371,
ISSN(Print):0975-7449,volume-3, issue-1

[13] V.Ramya, B. Palaniappan, K. Karthick, “Embedded Controller for Vehicle In-

Front Obstacle Detection and Cabin Safety Alert System”, International Journal
of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol.4, No 2, April
2012.

[14] Kai-Tai Song, Chih-Chieh Yang, of National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan,
“Front Vehicle Tracking Using Scene Analysis”, Proceedings of the IEEE
International Conference on Mechatronics & Automation 2005.

[15] Chen Peijiang, Jiang Xuehua, “Design and Implementation of Remote

monitoring system based on GSM,” vol.42, pp.167-175. 2008.

[16] Albert Alexe, R.Ezhilarasie, “Cloud Computing Based Vehicle Tracking

Information Systems”, ISSN: 2229 - 4333 ( Print) | ISSN: 0976 – 8491 (Online )
IJCST Vol. 2, Iss ue 1, March 2011

[17] w. Chris Veness, "Calculate distance and bearing between two

Latitude/Longitude points using haversine formula in JavaScript", Movable-
type.co.uk, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.movable-
type.co.uk/scripts/latlong.html. [Accessed: 02- Aug- 2017]
 APPENDIX

/***************** Arduino Programing ***************/

#include <Wire.h>

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial SIM900A(10,11); // arduino D1O > GSM RX D11> GSM TX
const int RELAY_PIN = 4; // Arduino pin connected to Relay's pin
const int ANALOG_THRESHOLD = 350;
void setup() {

SIM900A.begin(9600); // Setting the baud rate of GSM Module

Serial.begin(9600); // Setting the baud rate of Serial Monitor (Arduino)
Serial.println ("SIM900A Ready");
delay(100);
delay(2000); // giving a delay of 2 seconds
//lcd.begin(16,2); // Initialize the LCD
Serial.begin(9600); //Only for debugging
}

void loop() {

// read the input on analog pin 0:

int sensorValue1 = analogRead(A7); // X AXIS
int sensorValue2 = analogRead(A6); // Y AXIS
int sensorValue3 = analogRead(A5); // Z AXIS
delay(300);
// Serial.println(sensorValue2);
//delay(300);
Serial.println(sensorValue3);
delay(300);

if(sensorValue3 > ANALOG_THRESHOLD)

{

delay(200);

if(sensorValue3 > ANALOG_THRESHOLD)

{
delay(100);
 SendMessage2();
delay(200);

}
}

delay(100); // delay in between reads for stability

void SendMessage2()
{
//Serial.println ("Sending Message");
delay(1000);
SIM900A.println("AT+CMGF=1"); //Sets the GSM Module in Text Mode
delay(1000);
//Serial.println ("Set SMS Number");
SIM900A.println("AT+CMGS=\"+8801770917298\"\r"); //Mobile phone number to send message
delay(1000);
// Serial.println ("Set SMS Content");
SIM900A.println("I am in accident!");// Messsage content
delay(100);
// Serial.println ("Finish");
SIM900A.println((char)26);// ASCII code of CTRL+Z
delay(1000);
// Serial.println ("Message has been sent ");
}