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Complete Network Security Interview QA

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142 views3 pages

Complete Network Security Interview QA

Uploaded by

rupakhaire841973
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Network Security Interview Questions & Answers

Level 1: Fundamentals of Network Security

1. What is network security?


Network security is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and data from cyber threats using
security policies, tools, and technologies.

2. What are the three main principles of cybersecurity (CIA Triad)?


The CIA Triad stands for Confidentiality (protecting data from unauthorized access), Integrity
(ensuring data accuracy), and Availability (ensuring resources are accessible when needed).

3. What is the difference between a firewall and an antivirus?


A firewall filters incoming and outgoing network traffic, while an antivirus scans and removes
malicious software from a system.

4. What are IDS and IPS? How do they work?


IDS (Intrusion Detection System) monitors network traffic for threats but does not block them. IPS
(Intrusion Prevention System) detects and blocks threats in real time.

5. What is a VPN, and how does it enhance security?


A VPN (Virtual Private Network) encrypts internet traffic, ensuring secure communication and
protecting data from interception.

Level 2: Network Protocols & Ports

6. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?


TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is connection-oriented and ensures data delivery. UDP (User
Datagram Protocol) is faster but does not guarantee delivery.

7. What are some commonly used network ports?


Some common ports include HTTP (80), HTTPS (443), FTP (21), SSH (22), and RDP (3389).

8. What is port scanning, and how can it be detected?


Port scanning is a technique used to find open ports on a network. It can be detected using intrusion
detection systems (IDS) and firewall logs.

9. What is ARP spoofing, and how can it be prevented?


ARP spoofing is an attack where an attacker sends fake ARP messages. It can be prevented using
static ARP entries and security features like Dynamic ARP Inspection.

10. What is DNS spoofing, and what are its risks?


DNS spoofing is a cyberattack where fake DNS records are inserted to redirect users to malicious
sites, risking data theft.

Level 3: Network Attacks & Mitigation

11. What is a DoS and DDoS attack? How do you prevent them?
DoS (Denial of Service) and DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks overwhelm systems with
traffic. Prevention methods include rate limiting, firewalls, and anti-DDoS solutions.

12. What is phishing, and how can it be prevented?


Phishing is a cyberattack where attackers trick users into revealing sensitive information. Prevention
includes security awareness training and email filtering.

13. What is a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack?


A MITM attack occurs when an attacker intercepts communication between two parties to steal or
alter data.

14. What is SQL injection, and how can it be prevented?


SQL injection is an attack where an attacker injects malicious SQL queries. Prevention includes
input validation and using parameterized queries.

15. What is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and how does it work?


XSS is an attack where attackers inject malicious scripts into web pages. Prevention includes input
sanitization and Content Security Policy (CSP).

Level 4: Security Tools & Monitoring

16. What are some common network security tools?


Popular security tools include Wireshark (packet analysis), Nmap (network scanning), Snort
(intrusion detection), and Splunk (SIEM).

17. How does a SIEM system help in security monitoring?


SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) collects, analyzes, and correlates security
events to detect threats.

18. What are log files, and why are they important in security?
Log files record system events and are crucial for detecting security incidents and forensic analysis.
19. How do you detect and respond to unauthorized access in a network?
Detection methods include SIEM alerts and intrusion detection systems. Response includes
isolating compromised systems and investigating the breach.

20. What are endpoint security solutions, and why are they important?
Endpoint security solutions protect devices from cyber threats using antivirus, EDR (Endpoint
Detection and Response), and firewalls.

Level 5: Incident Response & Forensics

21. What are the steps in an incident response process?


The incident response process includes preparation, detection, containment, eradication, recovery,
and lessons learned.

22. What is digital forensics, and how is it used in cybersecurity?


Digital forensics involves collecting, analyzing, and preserving digital evidence to investigate
cybercrimes.

23. What is the chain of custody in digital forensics?


The chain of custody ensures that evidence is properly handled and documented to maintain its
integrity.

24. How do you handle a security breach?


Handling a breach includes isolating affected systems, investigating the root cause, patching
vulnerabilities, and notifying stakeholders.

25. What are security playbooks, and how do they help in SOC operations?
Security playbooks provide predefined response actions for handling security incidents efficiently.

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