AS-Level Physics Worksheet-2C (Structured Questions)

Chapter: Kinematics
Name: Roll: School:

1.1 (a) Define w18_21_Q-01

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(ii) acceleration.
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(b) A remote-controlled toy car moves up a ramp and travels across a gap to land on another ramp, as
illustrated in Fig. 1.1.

Fig. 1.1

The car leaves ramp P with a velocity of 5.5 m s–1 at an angle θ to the horizontal. The horizontal
component of the car’s velocity as it leaves the ramp is 4.6 m s–1. The car lands at the top of ramp Q.
The tops of both ramps are at the same height and are distance d apart.
Air resistance is negligible.

(i) Show that the car leaves ramp P with a vertical component of velocity of 3.0 m s–1.

[1]
(ii) Determine the time taken for the car to travel between the ramps.

time taken = ....................................................... s [2]

d = ...................................................... m [1]
(iv) Calculate the ratio

ratio = ........................................................... [3]

(c) Ramp Q is removed. The car again leaves ramp P as in (b) and now lands directly on the ground.
The car leaves ramp P at time t = 0 and lands on the ground at time t = T.

On Fig. 1.2, sketch the variation with time t of the vertical component vy of the car’s velocity from
t = 0 to t = T. Numerical values of vy and t are not required.

Fig. 1.2
[2]
[Total: 11]

2.1 A golfer strikes a ball so that it leaves horizontal ground with a velocity of 6.0 m s–1 at an angle θ to
the horizontal, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1. w18_22_Q-01

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

The magnitude of the initial vertical component vY of the velocity is 4.8 m s–1.
Assume that air resistance is negligible.
(a) Show that the magnitude of the initial horizontal component vX of the velocity is 3.6 m s–1.

[1]
(b) The ball leaves the ground at time t = 0 and reaches its maximum height at t = 0.49 s.

On Fig. 1.2, sketch separate lines to show the variation with time t, until the ball returns to the ground,
of
(i) the vertical component vY of the velocity (label this line Y), [2]
(ii) the horizontal component vX of the velocity (label this line X). [2]

Fig. 1.2

(c) Calculate the maximum height reached by the ball.

maximum height = ...................................................... m [2]

(d) For the movement of the ball from the ground to its maximum height, determine the ratio

ratio = ...........................................................[4]
 (e) In practice, significant air resistance acts on the ball. Explain why the actual time taken for the ball
to reach maximum height is less than the time calculated when air resistance is assumed to be
negligible.

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[Total: 12]
3.2 (a) Define acceleration. 9702/22/O/N/19

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(b) A steel ball of diameter 0.080m is released from rest and falls vertically in air, as illustrated in Fig.
2.1.

A horizontal beam of light of negligible width is a vertical distance of 0.280m below the bottom of the
ball when it is released. The ball falls through and breaks the beam of light.
(i) Explain why the force due to air resistance acting on the ball may be neglected when calculating
the time taken for the ball to reach the beam of light.

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(ii) Calculate the time taken for the ball to fall from rest to position P where the bottom of the ball
touches the beam of light.

time taken = ....................................................... s [2]

(iii) Determine the time interval during which the beam of light is broken by the ball.

time interval = ....................................................... s [2]

(c) A different ball is released from the same position as the steel ball in (b). This ball has the same
diameter but a much lower density. For this ball, the force due to air resistance cannot be neglected as
 the ball falls.

State and explain the change, if any, to the time interval during which the beam of light is broken by
the ball.

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[Total: 8]

4.2 (b) A delivery company suggests using a remote-controlled aircraft to drop a parcel into the garden of
a customer. When the aircraft is vertically above point P on the ground, it releases the parcel with a
velocity that is horizontal and of magnitude 5.4ms–1. The path of the parcel is shown in Fig. 2.1.
9702/21/M/J/20

The parcel takes a time of 0.81s after its release to reach point Q on the horizontal ground.
Assume air resistance is negligible.
(i) On Fig. 2.1, draw an arrow from point X to show the direction of the acceleration of the parcel
when it is at that point.
[1]
(ii) Determine the height h of the parcel above the ground when it is released.

h = ..................................................... m [2]

(iii) Calculate the horizontal distance d between points P and Q.

d = ..................................................... m [1]
(c) Another parcel is accidentally released from rest by a different aircraft when it is hovering at a
great height above the ground. Air resistance is now significant.

(i) On Fig. 2.2, draw arrows to show the directions of the forces acting on the parcel as it falls
vertically downwards. Label each arrow with the name of the force.
 [2]

(ii) By considering the forces acting on the parcel, state and explain the variation, if any, of the
acceleration of the parcel as it moves downwards before it reaches constant (terminal) speed.

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(iii) Describe the energy conversion that occurs when the parcel is falling through the air at constant
(terminal) speed.

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[Total: 10]

5.2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows the velocity–time graph for an object moving in a straight line. 9702/22/M/J/20

(i) Determine an expression, in terms of u, v and t, for the area under the graph.

area = .......................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the quantity represented by the area under the graph.

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(b) A ball is kicked with a velocity of 15ms–1 at an angle of 60° to horizontal ground. The ball then
strikes a vertical wall at the instant when the path of the ball becomes horizontal, as shown in Fig. 2.2.
 Assume that air resistance is negligible.
(i) By considering the vertical motion of the ball, calculate the time it takes to reach the wall.

time = ...................................................... s [3]

(ii) Explain why the horizontal component of the velocity of the ball remains constant as it moves to
the wall.
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(iii) Show that the ball strikes the wall with a horizontal velocity of 7.5ms–1.

[1]
[Total: 7]
6.2 Water leaves the end of a hose pipe at point P with a horizontal velocity of 6.6ms–1, as shown in
Fig. 2.1. 9702/22/F/M/22

Point P is at height h above the ground. The water hits the ground at point Q. The horizontal distance
from P to Q is 3.5m.
Air resistance is negligible. Assume that the water between P and Q consists of non-interacting
droplets of water and that the only force acting on each droplet is its weight.
 (a) Explain, briefly, why the horizontal component of the velocity of a droplet of water remains
constant as it moves from P to Q.

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(b) Show that the time taken for a droplet of water to move from P to Q is 0.53s. [1]
(c) Calculate height h.

h = ......................................................m [2]

(d) For the movement of a droplet of water from P to Q, state and explain whether the displacement of
the droplet is less than, more than or the same as the distance along its path.

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(e) Calculate the magnitude of the displacement of a droplet of water that moves from P to Q.

displacement = ......................................................m [2]

7.2 An archer releases an arrow towards a target at a velocity of 65.0ms–1 at an angle of 4.30° above the
horizontal, as shown in Fig. 2.1. 9702/23/M/J/22
When released, the tip of the arrow is a horizontal distance of 70.0m from the target and 1.66m above
the horizontal ground.
The arrow hits the centre of the target.
Assume that air resistance is negligible and that all the mass of the arrow is at its tip.

(a) Show that the time taken for the arrow to reach the target is 1.08s.

[2]

(b) Calculate the height of the centre of the target above the ground.

height above ground = ......................................................m [3]

(c) By considering energy changes, state and explain how the final kinetic energy of the arrow as it
hits the target compares with its initial kinetic energy immediately after release. A numerical
calculation is not required.

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[Total: 7]