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The document outlines the rules of subject-verb agreement, emphasizing that subjects and verbs must match in number, and provides examples for various scenarios including singular and plural subjects, compound subjects, and collective nouns. It also explains the distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs, detailing how to identify direct and indirect objects. Additionally, the document covers sentence structures, including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences, with examples illustrating each type.

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Angelica Ebio
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
10 views5 pages

1 ST

The document outlines the rules of subject-verb agreement, emphasizing that subjects and verbs must match in number, and provides examples for various scenarios including singular and plural subjects, compound subjects, and collective nouns. It also explains the distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs, detailing how to identify direct and indirect objects. Additionally, the document covers sentence structures, including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences, with examples illustrating each type.

Uploaded by

Angelica Ebio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject–Verb generally accepted as

true and is an important


consideration when conducting a
Agreement Rules doctoral study.
Key: subject = yellow, bold; verb
= green, underline 5. When a phrase comes between the
subject and the verb, remember
that the verb still agrees with the
Subjects and verbs must agree in subject, not the noun or pronoun in
number. In addition to the explanations the phrase following the subject of
on this page, also see the post on Subject the sentence.
—Verb Agreement.
Example: The student, as well as
1. If the subject is singular, the verb the committee
must be singular too. members, is excited.
Example: The student with all
Example: She writes every day. the master’s degrees is very
Exception: When using the singular motivated.
"they," use plural verb forms.
Example: The participant Example: Strategies that the
expressed satisfaction with their teacher uses to encourage
job. They are currently in a classroom
managerial role at the participation include using small
organization. groups and clarifying expectations.
Example: The focus of the
2. If the subject is plural, the verb interviews was nine purposively
must also be plural. selected participants.

Example: They write every day. 6. When two or more singular nouns
Sometimes, however, it seems a bit or pronouns are connected by
more complicated than this. "or" or "nor," use a singular verb.

3. When the subject of the sentence Example: The chairperson or


is composed of two or more nouns the CEO approves the proposal
or pronouns connected by and, use before proceeding.
a plural verb.
7. When a compound subject contains
Example: The doctoral both a singular and a plural noun or
student and the committee pronoun joined by "or" or "nor," the
members write every day. verb should agree with the part of
the subject that is closest to the
Example: The percentage of verb. This is also called the rule of
employees who called in proximity.
sick and the number of
employees who left their jobs Example: The student or the
within 2 years are reflective of committee members write every
the level of job satisfaction. day.

4. When there is one subject and Example: The committee


more than one verb, the verbs members or the
throughout the sentence must student writes every day.
agree with the subject.
8. The words and phrases "each,"
Example: Interviews are one way "each one," "either," "neither,"
to collect data "everyone," "everybody,"
and allow researchers to gain an in- "anyone," "anybody," "nobody,"
depth understanding of "somebody," "someone," and "no
participants. one" are singular and require a
singular verb.
Example: An
assumption is something that is
Example: Each of the take a singular verb. Some
participants was willing to be examples are "group," "team,"
recorded. "committee," "family," and "class."
Example: Neither alternative
Example: The group meets every
hypothesis was accepted.
week.
Example: I will offer a $5 gift card
Example: The committee agrees
to everybody who participates in
on the quality of the writing.
the study.
Example: No one was available to
meet with me at the preferred However, the plural verb is used if
times. the focus is on the individuals in
the group. This is much less
9. Noncount nouns take a singular common.
verb.
Example: The committee partici
pate in various volunteer activities
Example: Education is the key to
in their private lives.
success.
Example: Diabetes affects many
people around the world.
Example: The information obtai
ned from the business Transitive Verbs
owners was relevant to include in A transitive verb is a verb that requires
the study. an object to receive the action.

Example: The research I found Example:


on the topic was limited.
Correct: The
10. Some countable nouns in speaker discussed different marketing
English such as earnings, goods, strategies in the video.
odds, surroundings, proceeds,
contents, and valuables only have Incorrect: The speaker discussed in the
a plural form and take a video.
plural verb.
The verb "discuss" requires an object
Example: The earnings for this ("different marketing strategies"). It is
quarter exceed expectations. necessary to state what the speaker
discussed.
Example: The proceeds from the
sale go to support the homeless Example Sentences
population in the city.
Some other examples of transitive verbs
Example: Locally produced are "address," "borrow," "bring,"
goods have the advantage of "discuss," "raise," "offer," "pay," "write,"
shorter supply chains. "promise," and "have."

11. In sentences beginning with The instructor addressed the student’s


"there is" or "there are," the question.
subject follows the verb. Since Miriam borrowed the methodology
"there" is not the subject, the verb book from her classmate because she
agrees with what follows the verb. forgot her copy.
Example: There is little administr Can you bring your copy of the
ative support. textbook to our study group meeting?
Example: There are many factors Donovan gave the gift to his sister.
affecting teacher retention.
The committee members will
raise money for the new project.
12. Collective nouns are words
that imply more than one person
but are considered singular and Direct and Indirect Objects
A transitive verb can take more than one residency in Houston.
object.
Incorrect: The students arrived Houston.
Donovan gave his sister a laptop.
The second sentence is incorrect
In this sentence, there is an indirect
because the verb cannot take an object.
object, "his sister," and a direct object, "a
laptop." However, there is another way to
Example Sentences
say this same idea using a prepositional
phrase. Some other examples of intransitive
verbs are "deteriorate," "vote," "sit,"
Donovan gave a laptop to his sister.
"increase," "laugh," "originate,"
In English, an indirect object may come "fluctuate," and "trend."
between a transitive verb and the direct
The patient’s
object, like the first example sentence
health deteriorated quickly.
about Donovan, or the indirect object
could be in the form of a prepositional Ahmad voted in the local election.
phrase, like the second example
sentence about Donovan. May I sit here?

An indirect object is only needed if the Attendance increased at the weekly


action is being done to or for somebody; study sessions as finals drew near.
when using a transitive verb, you need to Susan laughed.
include a direct object, but you may not
need to include an indirect object. Note: An intransitive verb can take more
than one prepositional phrase or adverb.
Finding the Object The patient’s
You can figure out the direct object by health deteriorated quickly during the
using this question format: “The subject night.
did what?” or “The subject [verb] what?” Ahmad voted for the incumbent in the
The instructor addressed what? local election.
the student’s question Verbs That Are Both Transitive and
Miriam borrowed what? Intransitive
the methodology book
Verbs That Are Both Transitive and
Can you bring what? Intransitive
your copy of the text book
Some verbs can be both transitive and
The speaker discussed what? intransitive, depending on the situation.
different marketing strategies In some instances, such a verb may
The committee members will require an object, while in others it does
raise what? not require an object.
money
Example Sentences
You can find the indirect object by asking
the question “To whom?” or “For whom?” Format
reminder: verb, object, propositional
Donovan gave a laptop to whom? phrase, adverb
his sister
continue
Intransitive Verbs We will continue the meeting after the
An intransitive verb does not take an break. (transitive)
object. Using an object immediately after
an intransitive verb will create an The meeting continued after the break.
incorrect sentence. However, there may (intransitive)
be other information after the verb, such play
as one or more prepositional phrases or
an adverb. Three of the students play the guitar.
(transitive)
Example
The students will play outside today.
Correct: The students arrived at the (intransitive)
return
with a comma and a coordinating
Javier returned the book to the library. conjunction or with a semicolon.
(transitive)
The students returned to school after Key: independent clause = yellow,
the winter break. (intransitive) bold; comma or semicolon = pink,
grow regular font; coordinating conjunction
I grow zucchini in my garden. (transitive) = green, underlined
My daughter is growing quickly. Here are a few examples:
(intransitive)
If you are unsure about whether a verb is  She completed her literature
transitive or intransitive, you can check a review, and she created her
dictionary. Most dictionaries, such as the reference list.
online version of Merriam Webster,  He organized his sources by
indicate whether a verb, and each theme; then, he updated his
definition of the verb, is transitive or reference list.
intransitive. Whether a verb is transitive  They studied APA rules for
or intransitive may depend on whether many hours, but they realized
the verb has multiple meanings. Make there was still much to learn.
sure to read through the examples
provided in the dictionary, if available, to Using some compound sentences in
ensure that you are using the verb
correctly. writing allows for more sentence variety.

Simple Complex Sentences


Sentences A complex sentence contains
one independent clause and at least one
at least

A simple sentence contains a subject and dependent clause. Dependent clauses


a verb, and it may also have an object can refer to the subject (who, which) the
and modifiers. However, it contains only sequence/time (since, while), or the
one independent clause. causal elements (because, if) of the
Key: Yellow, bold = subject; green independent clause.
underline = verb, blue, italics = If a sentence begins with a dependent
object, pink, regular font =prepositional clause, note the comma after this clause.
phrase If, on the other hand, the sentence
Here are a few examples: begins with an independent clause, there
is not a comma separating the two
 She wrote.
 She completed her literature clauses.
review.
 He organized his sources by Key: independent clause = yellow,
theme. bold; comma = pink, regular font;
 They studied APA rules for many
hours. dependent clause = blue, italics

Here are a few examples:


Compound Sentences  Although she completed her
A compound sentence contains at least literature review, she still needed
to work on her methods
two independent clauses. These two
section.
independent clauses can be combined
o Note the comma in this  Pay close attention
sentence because it begins to comma usage in complex-
with a dependent clause. compound sentences so that the
reader is easily able to follow the
 Because he organized his sources intended meaning.
by theme, it was easier for his
readers to follow.
o Note the comma in this
sentence because it begins
with a dependent clause.

 They studied APA rules for


many hours as they were so
interesting.
o Note that there is no comma
in this sentence because it
begins with an independent
clause.

 Using some complex sentences in


writing allows for more sentence
variety.

Compound-Complex
Sentences
Sentence types can also be combined. A
compound-complex sentence contains at
least two independent clauses and at
least one dependent clause.

Key: independent clause = yellow,


bold; comma or semicolon = pink,
regular font; coordinating conjunction
= green, underlined; dependent clause
= blue, italics

 She completed her literature


review, but she still needs to
work on her methods
section even though she finished
her methods course last semester.
 Although he organized his sources
by theme, he decided to arrange
them chronologically, and he
carefully followed the MEAL
plan for organization.
 They studied APA rules for
many hours, and they decided
that writing in APA made
sense because it was clear,
concise, and objective.

 Using some complex-compound


sentences in writing allows for
more sentence variety.

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