INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 11016

First edition
1999-10-01

Oil of star anise, Chinese type (Illicium

verum Hook. f.)
Huile essentielle de badiane, type Chine ( Illicium verum Hook. f.)

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A Reference number
ISO 11016:1999(E)
ISO 11016:1999(E)

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

International Standard ISO 11016 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 54, Essential oils.

Annexes A and B of this International Standard are for information only.

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© ISO 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © ISO ISO 11016:1999(E)

Oil of star anise, Chinese type (Illicium verum Hook. f.)

1 Scope ISO 11024-1, Essential oils — General guidance on

chromatographic profiles — Part 1: Preparation of
This International Standard specifies certain chromatographic profiles for presentation in standards.
characteristics of oil of star anise1), Chinese type
(Illicium verum Hook. f.), in order to facilitate ISO 11024-2, Essential oils — General guidance on
assessment of its quality. chromatographic profiles — Part 2: Utilization of
chromatographic profiles of samples of essential oils.

2 Normative references
3 Term and definition
The following normative documents contain provisions
which, through reference in this text, constitute For the purposes of this International Standard, the
provisions of this International Standard. For dated following term and definition apply.
references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions
of, any of these publications do not apply. However, 3.1
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parties to agreements based on this International oil of star anise, Chinese type
Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the fruit
(standards.iteh.ai)
of applying the most recent editions of the normative and leaves of Illicium verum Hook. f., of the
documents indicated below. For undated references, Magnoliaceae family, cultivated mainly in South China
the latest edition of the normative document referred ISO 11016:1999
to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers
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of currently valid International Standards. bf902dd431ee/iso-11016-1999
4 Requirements
ISO/TR 210, Essential oils — General rules for
packaging, conditioning and storage. 4.1 Appearance

ISO/TR 211, Essential oils — General rules for labelling Clear liquid or crystalline mass.
and marking of containers.
4.2 Colour
ISO 212, Essential oils — Sampling.
Colourless to light yellow in the liquid state.
ISO 279, Essential oils — Determination of relative
density at 20 °C (Reference method). 4.3 Odour

ISO 280, Essential oils — Determination of refractive Characteristic, reminiscent of anethole.

index.
4.4 Relative density at 20 °C, d20
20

ISO 592, Essential oils — Determination of optical

rotation. Minimum: 0,979
Maximum: 0,985
ISO 875, Essential oils — Evaluation of miscibility in
ethanol. 4.5 Refractive index at 20 °C

ISO 1041, Essential oils — Determination of freezing Minimum: 1,553 0

point. Maximum: 1,556 0

___________________________

1) In French "Badiane" is the usual commercial name for this essential oil. As "badiane" is only the fruit and the essential oil is
obtained from the fruit and part of the leaves, it would be more accurate in French to call it "Badianier".

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ISO 11016:1999(E) © ISO

4.6 Optical rotation at 20 °C 4.10 Flashpoint

Range from –2° to +2°. Information on the flashpoint is given in annex B.

4.7 Miscibility in ethanol [90 % (volume

fraction)] at 20 °C
5 Sampling
It shall not be necessary to use more than 3 volumes of
ethanol [90 % (volume fraction)] at 20 °C to obtain a See ISO 212.
clear solution with 1 volume of essential oil.
Minimum volume of final sample: 30 ml.
4.8 Freezing point
NOTE This volume allows each of the tests specified in
this International Standard to be carried out at least once.
Minimum: +15 °C.

4.9 Chromatographic profile

6 Test methods
Analysis of the essential oil shall be carried out by gas
20
chromatography. In the chromatogram obtained, the 6.1 Relative density at 20 °C, d20
representative and characteristic components shown in
Table 1 shall be identified. The proportions of these See ISO 279.
components, indicated by the integrator, shall be as
shown in Table 1. This constitutes the chromatographic 6.2 Refractive index at 20 °C
profile of the essential oil.
See ISO 280.
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Table 1 — Chromatographic profile
PREVIEW
6.3 Optical rotation at 20 °C
Component
(standards.iteh.ai)
Minimum Maximum
% % See ISO 592.
ISO 11016:1999
α-Pinene 0,1 1,5 6.4 Miscibility in ethanol [90 % (volume
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α-Phellandrene — fraction)] at 20 °C
bf902dd431ee/iso-11016-1999
0,7
Limonene 0,2 6,0
See ISO 875.
Linalool 0,2 2,5
α-Terpineol — 0,3 6.5 Freezing point
Methylchavicol 0,6 6
See ISO 1041.
cis-Anethole 0,1 1,0
Anisaldehyde 0,1 0,5 6.6 Chromatographic profile
trans-Anethole 86 93
β-Caryophyllene — 0,8
See ISO 11024-1 and ISO 11024-2.

trans-α-Bergamotene 0,06 0,6

cis-α-Bergamotene 0,04 0,09
7 Packaging, labelling, marking and
Foeniculine 0,1 3,0
storage
NOTE The chromatographic profile is normative, contrary to
typical chromatograms given for information in annex A.
See ISO/TR 210 and ISO/TR 211.

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© ISO ISO 11016:1999(E)

Annex A
(informative)

Typical chromatograms of the analysis by gas chromatography

of the essential oil of star anise, Chinese type (Illicium verum Hook. f.)

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Peak identification bf902dd431ee/iso-11016-1999
Operating conditions

1 α-Pinene Column: , fused silica capillary; length 50 m; internal diameter 0,2 mm

2 Myrcene Stationary phase: OV 101
3 α-Phellandrene Film thickness: 0,25 µm
4 δ-3-Carene Oven temperature: from 65 °C to 200 °C at a rate of 2 °C/min
5 Limonene Injector temperature: 230 °C
6 Linalool Detector temperature: 250 °C
7 α-Terpineol Detector: flame ionization
8 Methylchavicol Carrier gas: hydrogen
9 cis-Anethole Volume injected: 0,2 µl
10 Anisaldehyde Split ratio: 1/100
11 trans-Anethole Linear velocity of carrier gas: 0,35 m/s approx.
12 cis-α-Bergamotene + β-caryophyllene
13 trans-α-Bergamotene
14 Foeniculine

Figure A.1 — Typical chromatogram taken on an apolar column

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ISO 11016:1999(E) © ISO

Peak identification Operating conditions

1 α-Pinene
2 β-Pinene
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Column: capillary; length 30 m; internal diameter 0,25 mm
Stationary phase: polyethylene glycol 20 000
3 Sabinene (standards.iteh.ai)
Film thickness: 0,25 µm
4 δ-3-Carene Oven temperature: isotherm for 10 min at 70 °C, then from 70 °C to 220 °C at a rate of 2 °C/min,
5 Myrcene and final isotherm for 20 min at 220 °C
ISO 11016:1999
6 α-Phellandrene Injector temperature: 250 °C
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Detector temperature: 250 °C
7 Limonene
bf902dd431ee/iso-11016-1999
Detector: flame ionization type
8 1,8-Cineole
9 Linalool Carrier gas: nitrogen
10 cis-α-Bergamotene Volume injected: 0,2 µl
11 trans-α-Bergamotene
12 Terpinen-4-ol
13 β-Caryophyllene
14 Methylchavicol
15 α-Terpineol
16 cis-Anethole
17 trans-Anethole
18 Anisaldehyde
19 Foeniculine

Figure A.2 — Typical chromatogram taken on a polar column

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© ISO ISO 11016:1999(E)

Annex B
(informative)

Flashpoint

B.1 General information Consequently, it was decided to give a mean value for
the flashpoint in an informative annex in each
For reasons of safety, transport companies, insurance International Standard, for information purposes, in
companies, people in charge of safety services, etc. order to meet the requirements of the interested parties.
require information on the flashpoint of essential oils,
which in most cases are flammable products. If possible, the method by which this value was obtained
should be specified.
A comparative study on the relevant methods of
analysis (see ISO/TR 110182)) concluded that it was For further information see ISO/TR 110182).
hard to find a single method for standardization
purposes, given that:

 essential oils are varied and their chemical

compositions differ to a large extent;

 iTeh STANDARDB.2PREVIEW
the volume of the sample needed for certain test
equipment is incompatible with the high price of Flashpoint of essential oil of star
essential oils; (standards.iteh.ai)
anise, Chinese type
 there are different types of equipment that satisfy ISO 11016:1999 The mean value is +96 °C.
the desired objective,https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/aa403a91-31f7-475e-83d0-
but users cannot be obliged
to use one type of equipment rather than another. NOTE Obtained with "Abel-Pensky" equipment.
bf902dd431ee/iso-11016-1999

_______________________________

2) ISO/TR 11018, Essential oils — General guidance on the determination of flashpoint.

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ISO 11016:1999(E) © ISO

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