Canadas relationship with the United states

Emergency tariffs The big boom Prohibition

Shortly after the first world war
1920s During the First World War, all
Canada and the us found themselves in Technology Canadian provinces except
Quebec banned alcohol.
very favorable positions, and although The 1920s was a period of significant
they had a good amount of respect for technological advancements for both However, when Prohibition
each other there were still a couple ended in 1919, the United
Canada and the United States. The
hiccups such as when the us signed the States enacted its own version,
rise of the automobile industry
emergency act of 1921 that imposed a making the sale (but not the
revolutionized transportation, with
tariff on Canadian agricultural products. consumption) of alcohol illegal.
Ford's assembly line making cars
This tariff led to friction between the Canadian provincial laws didn't
more affordable and accessible.
two countries, as Canadian farmers prohibit the exportation of
Radio broadcasting emerged as a
were affected by the higher tariff on liquor, leading some
powerful method to access
their exports to the US. enterprising Canadians to
communication and entertainment
engage in rum-running to the
building a sort of togetherness
United States.
between community's. Infrastructure
development, such as the expansion
of roads and bridges, significantly
improved trade between the two
countries. These technological
innovations not only transformed
daily life but also strengthened the
Farmers in the 1920's economic and social ties between Seized rum
Canada and the US, paving the way
Halibut treaty for more growth in subsequent Organized crime
However the two countries were decades.
able to grow past this when they Automobiles The prohibition helped
organized crimes gain
signed the halibut treaty. The popularity, The ban fueled
halibut treaty was an agreement illegal activities, with
between the united states and bootlegging and speakeasies
Canada that protected the stock of becoming popular. Groups of
halibut fish. This treaty was signed Organized crime , such as
without informing the British, this those led by Al Capone,
indicated that although the capitalized on the lucrative
relationship between Canada and black market for alcohol.
Picture of The 1920 Ford Model T Roadster
the us was a bit rocky at times
Canada would still move closer to The 1920 Ford Model T Roadster
the united states. was the most popular car due to its:
Affordability, the price was only
around 200 to 500 dollars
Durability as it cemented itself as
one of the most durable and
consistent cars of the decade.
Versatility, the car was easily able
to tackle rural or urban settings
 Canadas relationship with the United states
The dirty thirties
1930s

Stock market crash Trade after Black Tuesday

Both countries raised tariffs against each
On black Tuesday, 29 October 1929, the
other to protect their economy's, such as
stock market crashed in the United
the smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, which resulted
States. What lay ahead was the great
in Canada putting tariffs on a third of the
depression and as the stocks plummeted
American products, either way the trade
investors panicked as they scrambled to
between the two countries slowed down
sell their stocks the more stocks sold the
exponentially.
lower the prices fell.

Causes: Life for the people

Lack of financial regulations
Shrinking demand for Canadian products
Overproduction of Canadian products
Economic ties with the United States

How Canada was affected

The United States was Canada’s key trading
partner. When the Depression hit and
severely affected the American economy, Al Capone’s famous Soup kitchen
the demand for Canadian resources and
products plummeted. As the demand At the height of the great depression both
declined, US parent companies closed their countries had a dozen million people
Canadian operations, resulting in unemployed that were not able to afford
widespread job losses. This left Canada as food, medicine or housing. Most of the times
the second most impacted country by the These people had to stand outside for hours
Depression, following the United States. at soup kitchens for food. The people who
kept their jobs had their salaries lowered and
sometimes even cut in half entirely.Due to
mass unemployment canada staterd to build
labour camps to house those who coudnt
find jobs but even then what started as hope
ended as pain as they werent paid much and
had terrible working conditions.The United
states also introduced camps albiet less
than canada and were met with the same
dissatisfaction due to poor wages and living
A man sleeping in government hospitality
conditions.
Canadas relationship with the United states
Cold war
1945-1980s

Canadas role in the Cold

NATO
war
In April 1949 the former allied powers that
The Cold War affected people in Canada as Many
won world war two joined the North Atlantic
people feared nuclear war. Canada built fallout
Treaty Organization (NATO). The members of
shelters and underground bunkers
NATO pledged to defend one another in the
There were also a growing social hatred for
event of an attack by an enemy nation. NATO
“Communists” in Canada. In some cases People
strengthened Canadas role as a middle
were accused of communism and lost their jobs.
power. Canada had the opportunity to exert
Canada was plagued by spies one famous
its influence in world affairs. Its relationship
encounter of spies in Canada was when Igor
the united states placed it in an ideal
Sergeievich Gouzenko, fled the Soviet Embassy in
position to act as a middle man is disputes or
Ottawa. He took with him a number of documents,
arguments.
which essentially proved the existence of a Soviet
spy ring in Canada.

Avro Arrow

The first NATO meeting

Cold war The Avro Arrow

A rivalry between the US and USSR that Under prime minister Diefenbaker, Canada
challenged each others economic and had committed to developing a military jet
ideological differences. on the ground called the Avro Arrow. However, due to
combat between American and Russian rising costs and the inability to find buyers,
soldiers didn't happen, however the two Prime Minister Diefenbaker canceled the
nations did fight proxy wars by funding a $12.5 million project. Instead, he opted to
certain government to gain ideological and purchase American-made Bomarc defense
economic control of that region. nuclear missiles. This decision severely
impacted the aircraft industry, resulting in
14,000 workers losing their jobs.
 Canadas relationship with the United states
Vietnam war
1955-1975

Cause The peoples response

The us was present in Vietnam since the mid Due to conscription tens of thousands of
1950s, the Americans supported the American men fled to Canada either as deserters
government of south Vietnam against the from the military or to avoid being drafted. For
communist government of north Vietnam. the first time war was televised and it had major
President Johnson decided to increase consequences, massive protests were held
American involvement in Vietnam. Starting throughout the united states. Eventually, those
in 1956 his government sent hundreds of protests came to canada.
thousands of soldiers into south veitnam.

One of many protests

American Troops in Vietnam

A shaky relationship End of the Vietnam war

The war ended with the retreat of American
While accepting the world peace award in forces and the defeat of south Vietnam by
Philadelphia in April 1965 the Canadian pm at north Vietnam in 1975.Although some
the time Lester Pearson used the opportunity Canadians joined the us forces in order to fight
to criticize Johnson's decision, the next day Canada never saw eye to eye with America over
Johnson exploded. He shouted at Pearson for vietnam.
criticizing him, the confrontation lasted an
hour, afterwards both men went out with
smiles and pretended nothing was wrong.
Pearson was badly shaken and relations
between the two leaders never recovered.
Canadas relationship with the United states
War on terror
9/11 2001-2010 Anti-terrorism laws
The terrorist attacks in the United States To combat the threat of terrorism the
on 11 September 2001 had a huge impact Canadian government enacted a number
on Canada. Nearly 3,000 people died (27 of security measures, such as increasing
of which being Canadian) in what became airport security and creating new rules
known as the 9/11 attacks. When the US and regulations for for airlines. The Liberal
closed its airspace, hundreds of planes government passed a controversial
carrying thousands of passengers were legislation called the anti-terrorism act.
sent to Canadian airports. A few weeks Some parts of this law infringed on the
later, Canada passed its controversial anti- charter of rights and freedoms.
terrorism laws and sent its first troops to
Afghanistan.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau reflecting

on 9/11
The World trade center on fire

Afghanistan Effect on canada

The war on terror expanded anti terrorism
In the days after the September 11 attacks laws and measures that have been criticized
Canada joined a coalition in the war on for violating human rights. Issues such as
terror. In December Commandos from racial and religious profiling have been
Canadas elite joint task force 2 were sent results of this. Security spending also went
to Afghanistan to join up with the coalition up which required significant amounts of
that were fighting the Taliban. More money Additionally, there were social
soldiers followed and by the time the impacts, including heightened scrutiny and
operation had ended 40000 Canadian discrimination against Muslim communities
armed forces members had served in in Canada. Despite all of the scrutiny Canada
Afghanistan and 158 had lost their lives. cemented itself as an important ally to the
united states and proved that it would be
loyal to them.
 Reflection

Canada's relationship with the United

States has been somewhat
inconsistent since 1918. While the two
countries have grown closer over the
years, they occasionally face setbacks
such as emergency tariffs or
diplomatic tensions, like when
President Johnson scolded Prime
Minister Pearson. However, due to
their geographical proximity, shared
social constructs, and economic
interests, both nations have
consistently managed to overcome
these challenges. Their cooperation
has led to significant achievements,
such as the creation of NATO and
mutual economic support. Despite
occasional hiccups, the strong
foundation of their relationship
ensures continued collaboration and
mutual benefits.
 Bibliography
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