Question 1.

What does the word aqueous (aq) represent in a chemical reaction ?

Answer:
It represents that the compound is present as a solution in water.

Question 2.
What is wrong with the following equation ?
Mg + O → MgO
Identify the mistake and balance the equation.
Answer:
In this equation, Oxygen should be in molecular form (02)
2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO

Question 3.
What is meant by skeletal equation ?
Answer:
The equation where the number of atoms of each element on both the sides of a chemical equation are not
equal is called skeletal equation.

Question 4.
Potassium chlorate (KClO2) on heating forms potassium chloride and oxygen. Write a balanced equation for
this reaction.
Answer:

Question 5.
What do you observe when magnesium ribbon is burnt ?
Answer:
When magnesium ribbon is burnt, formation of white powder is observed along with white dazzling flame.

Question 6.
Convey the following information in the form of a balanced chemical equation.
“An aqueous solution of ferrous sulphate reacts with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to form a
precipitate of ferrous hydroxide and sodium sulphate remains in solution”.
Answer:
FeSO4(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) → Fe (OH)2(s) + Na2SO4(aq)

Question 7.
Balance the following chemical equation.

Answer:
Question 8.
What is the difference between the following two types of reactions ?
AgNO3 + HCl → AgCl + HNO3
Mg + HCl → MgCl2 + H2
Answer:
The first reaction is a dou ble displacement reaction whereas second reaction is a single displacement reaction.

Question 9.
Why is hydrogen peroxide kept in coloured bottles ?
Answer:
This is done in order to cut off light because hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen in the
presence of light.

Question 10.
Give one example of a reaction which is a double displacement reaction as well as a precipitation reaction.
Answer:

Question 11.
Why is Photosynthesis considered as an endothermic reaction ?
Answer:
Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction because energy, in the form of sunlight is absorbed during the
process of photosynthesis by green plants.

Question 12.
What type of reaction is represented by the digestion of food in our body ?
Answer:
Decomposition reaction.

Question 13.
Can a double displacement reaction take place when the products are highly soluble or highly ionised ?
Answer:
No, double displacement reaction takes place when there is a formation of a slightly soluble salt.

Question 14.
Name the oxidising and reducing agent in the following reaction
2 H2S + SO2 → 2H2O + 3S↓
Answer:
H2S is the reducing agent while SO2 is the oxidising agent.

Question 15.
A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually added to the beaker containing acidified potassium
permanganate solution. The light purple colour of the solution fades and finally disappears. Write the correct
explanation for this observation.
Answer:
Potassium permanganate solution (KMnO4) is an oxidising agent. It oxidises ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) to ferric
sulphate [Fe2(SO4)3].
Question 16.
Define rancidity.
Answer:
The oxidation of oils or fats in food resulting in a bad taste and smell is called rancidity.

Question 17.
Identify the oxidising agent in the following
MnO2(s) + 4 HCl → MnCl2(aq) + Cl2(g) + 2H2O
Answer:
MnO2 is the oxidising agent in the given reaction.

Question 18.
Complete the missing component / variable given as X and Y in the following reaction.
Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(X) + H2(Y)
Answer:

Question 19.
Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction.
Fe2O3 + 3 CO → 2 Fe + 3 CO2
Answer:
CO is the reducing agent in the given reaction.

Question 20.
What can be seen when a strip of copper metal is placed in a solution of silver nitrate ?
Answer:
Metallic silver is precipitated and a blue solution containing copper nitrate is obtained

Question 21.
State one industrial application of reduction process.
Answer:
It is used in the metallurgical processes for the refining of metals.

Question 22.
Which one of the following is a chemical change ? Give reason also,
a) Burning of wax
B) Melting of wax
Answer:
Burning of wax. Because candle wax is a hydrocarbon which burns to produce CO2 and H2O and it is an
irreversible change.
Question 23.
Which one is a chemical change ? Rusting of iron or melting of iron ?
Answer:
Rusting of iron.

Question 24.
State one basic difference between a physical change and a chemical change.
Answer:
In a physical change, no new substance is formed while in a chemical change, a new substance is formed.

Question 25.
What type of coating is formed on silver articles when they get corroded ?
Answer:
The silver articles from black coating of silver sulphide (Ag2S).

Question 26.
What type of coating is formed on copper articles when they get corroded ?
Answer:
The copper articles form green coating of basic copper carbonate (CuCO3 . Cu(OH)2)

Question 27.
Which one is a chemical change ? Electrolysis of water or sodium chloride exposed to sunlight ?
Answer:
Electrolysis of water.

Question 28.
If copper metal is heated over a flame, it develops a coating. What is the colour and composition of this
coating ?
Black, CuO or Copper oxide.

Question 29.
What is balanced chemical equation ?
Answer:
The equation in which the number of atoms of all the molecules is equal on both sides of the equation is
called balanced chemical equation.

Question 30.
Name the type of chemical reaction which takes place when quick lime is added to water.
Answer:
When quick lime is added to water, rise in temperature observed. Hence, it is an example of exothermic
reaction.
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq)

Question 31.
W hat is meant by a chemical reaction ?
Answer:
The reaction representing a chemical change is called chemical reaction.

Question 32.
On what basis is a chemical equation balanced ?
Answer:
It is based on law of conservation of mass.
Question 33.
Hydrogen being a highly inflammable gas and oxygen being a supporter of combustion, yet water which is a
compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen is used to extinguish fire. Why ?
Answer:
It is because properties of compound (H2O) are different from properties of its constituting elements, i.e.,
H2 and O2.

Question 34.
What change in colour is observed when white silver chloride is left exposed to sunlight ? State the type of
chemical reaction in this change.
Answer:
Silver chloride becomes grey. It is a photochemical decomposition reaction.

Question 35.
Potato chips manufacturers fill the packet of chips with nitrogen gas. Why ?
Answer:
To provide an inert atmosphere to prevent chips from getting oxidised. N2 does not allow chips to get spoiled
by oxidation.

Question 36.
Why do gold and platinum not corrode in moist air ?
Answer:
They are least reactive and do not react with substances present in moist air.

Question 37.
Write two characteristics associated with rancid food.
Answer:
Unpleasant smell and unpleasant taste.

Question 38.
Give reason for the following :
The burning of natural gas is an exothermic reaction.
Answer:
Burning of natural gas is an exothermic reaction because heat is produced in this reaction.

Question 39.
Give one example of a redox reaction which is also a combination reaction.
Answer:
2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO.

Question 40.
How will you define a reducing agent ?
Answer:
Reducing agent is a substance which can add hydrogen or remove oxygen.

Question 41.
Write the name of the product which represents the solid state in the below reaction.
Answer:
The product that represents the solid state in the above reaction is Barium sulphate.

Question 42.
MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + xHyO + zCl2
In order to balance the above chemical equation, what are the values of x, y and z respectively ?
Answer:
In order to balance the chemical equation MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2, + yHyO + zCl2, the values of x, y, and z
respectively are 2, 2, 1.
Balanced Equation : MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

Question 43.
Why is the emission of brown fumes in the given experimental set-up ?
Answer:
The emission of brown fumes in the given experimental set-up is due to the thermal decomposition of lead
nitrate which produces brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide.

Question 44.
Observe the experimental set-up carefully.

In which experiment an Insoluble precipitate is formed and of which substance?

Answer:
Exp1,BaSO4
Question 45.
Observe this experiment carefully.

In above experiment copper powder turned to black coloured product on heating. What is the reason for this ?

Answer:
Copper (II) oxide is formed.

Question 46.
Identify ‘x, ‘y’ and ‘z’ in the following reaction

Answer:
x – physical state of KClO3 and KCl
y = reaction condition
z = physical state of Oz.

Chemical Reactions and Equations Class 10 Important Questions – 2 Marks

Question 1.
Give the chemical name of the reactants as well as the products of the following chemical equation
HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
Answer:
Chemical name of reactants
HNO3 – Nitric acid
Ca(OH)2 – Calcium hydroxide
Chemical name of products
Ca(NO3)2 – Calcium Nitrate
H2O – Water

Question 2.
Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
i) Silver bromide on exposure to sunlight decomposes into silver and bromine.
ii) Sodium metal reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Answer:

i)
ii) 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
Question 3.
Define combination reaction. Give one example of a combination reaction which is also exothermic.
Answer:
A reaction in which two elements or compounds combine to form a single compound is called combination
reaction.
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + Heat
It is also an exothermic reaction because heat is evolved.

Question 4.
When magnesium ribbon burns in air or oxygen, a product is formed. State the type of chemical reaction and
name the product formed in the reaction. Write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
Answer:
The type of reaction is combination reaction and the product formed is magnesium oxide.

Question 5.
A zinc plate was put into a solution of copper sulphate kept in a glass container. It was found that hflue colour
of the solution gets fader and fader with the passage of time. After a few days when zinc plate was taken out
of the solution, a number of holes were observed on it.
i) State the reason for changes observed on the zinc plate,
ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved.
Answer:
i) A number of holes were observed because zinc has displaced copper from CuSo4. Zinc metal has been used
to form zinc sulphate, therefore, number of holes were observed.

ii)

Question 6.
Identify the following changes as chemical or physical,
a) Crumpling a sheet of aluminium foil
b) Baking a cake
c) Sublimation of dry ice
d) Burning paper
Answer:
a) Physical change
b) Chemical change
c) Physical change
d) Chemical change

Question 7.
Write the chemical equation of the reaction in which the following changes have taken place with an example
of each.
a) Change in temperature
b) Formation of precipitate
Answer:
a) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O + Heat

b)
Question 8.
Write chemical equation for the reactions taking place when
a) Magnesium reacts with dil, HCl
b) Copper is heated in air

Answer:
a) Mg + 2 HCl → MgCl2 + H2

b)

Question 9.
Define the term decomposition reaction. Give an example, each of thermal decomposition and electrolytic
decomposition reactions.
Answer:
Decomposition reactions: Those reactions in which a compound splits up into two or more simpler substance
are called decomposition reactions.

Question 10.
2g of ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a dry boiling tube.
a) List any two observations
b) Name the type of chemical reactions taking place
c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
Answer:
a) Green colour of FeSO4 disappears and reddish brown Fe2O3 is formed smell of burning sulphur.
b) Decomposition reaction.

c)

Question 11.
Decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat or light or electricity for breaking down the
reactants. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat,
light and electricity.
Answer:

Question 12.
In the reaction
MnO2 + 4 HCl → MnCl2 + 2 H2O + Cl2
a) Name the compound i) oxidised ii) reduced
b) Define oxidation and reduction on its basis.
Answer:
a) i) HCl is getting oxidised
ii) MnO2 is getting reduced

b) The removal of hydrogen from a substance is called oxidation. The removal of oxygen from a . substance is
called reduction.

Question 13.
a) Write the essential condition for the following reaction to take place
2 Ag + Br → 2 Ag + Br2
Write one application of this reaction,
b) Complete the following chemical equation of a chemical reaction

Answer:

Question 14.
State the type of chemical reaction with chemical equation that take place in the following
a) Magnesium ribbon is burnt in air.
b) Electric current is passed through water.
Answer:

Question 15.
a) What happens when water is added to quick lime ? Write chemical equation.
b) What happens Ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases are mixed ? Write chemical
equation.
Answer:
a) Slaked lime is formed with hissing sound and lot of heat is evolved
CaO + H2 → Ca(OH)2 + Heat
b) NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s)
Combination reaction.

Question 16.
The carbonate of metal X is a white solid. It decomposes when heated to form carbon dioxide and a yellow
solid oxide. What is metal X ?
Answer:
Metal X is lead (pb). The name of metal carbonate is lead carbonate (PbCO3).

Question 17.
What is the difference between the following two reactions ?
a) Mg + 2 HCl → MgCl2 + H2
b) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O.
Answer:
a) Here, Mg is more reactive than H. Hence, displaces hydrogen. Therefore, it is a displacement reaction.
b) In this reaction, exchange of ions between the reactants occur. Hence, it is a double displacement reaction.

Question 18.
Why do not a wall immediately acquire a white colour when a coating of slaked lime applied on it ?
Answer:
When a solution of slanked lime is applied on the wall, CO2 gas present in air slowly reacts with thin layer of
calcium hydroxide to form a thin layer of calcium carbonate, that is quite white.
Therefore, the newly formed calcium carbonate impart white look to the walls.

Question 19.
State one example each characterised by the following along with the chemical equation.
a) Change id state
b) Evolution of gas
Answer:
a) Burning of coal C(s) + O2(g) → C02(g)
b) Evolution of gas Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(s) + H2(g)↑

Question 20.
Write chemical equations for the reaction taking place when
a) Magnesium reacts with dilute UNO
b) Sodium reacts with water
Answer:
a) Mg(s) + 2 HNO3(aq) → Mg(NO)32(aq) + H2(g)
b) 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) → H2(g) + 2 NaOH(aq)

Question 21.
A metal salt MX when exposed to light, split up to form metal M and a gas X2. Metal M is used in making
ornaments. Whereas gas X2 is used in making bleaching powder. The salt MX is itself used in black and white
photography.
a) Identify metal M and gas X2.
b) Mention the type of chemical reaction involved when salt MX is exposed to light.
Answer:
a) The metal (M) is silver (Ag) and gas (X2) is chlorine (Cl2)
b) The chemical reaction involved is decomposition
Question 22.
Mention with reason the colour changes observed when
a) Silver chloride is exposed to sunlight.
b) Copper powder is strongly heated in the presence of oxygen.
Answer:
a) White to grey
Reason : Silver chloride decomposes to produce silver and chloride.

b) Brown to black
Reason : Copper oxide is produced on heating.

Question 23.
2g of silver chloride is taken in a china dish and the china dish is placed in sunlight for some time. What will be
your observation in this case ? Write the chemical reaction involved in the form of a balanced chemical
equation. Identify the type of chemical reaction.
Answer:
White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight

Decomposition reaction / Photolytic decomposition.

Question 24.
In electrolysis of water, why is the volume of gas collected over one electrode double that of gas collected
over the other electrode ?
Answer:
Because during electrolysis, water splits into two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen

Here, the gases hydrogen and oxygen present on both electrodes are in the ratio 2 : 1.

Question 25.
On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to copper oxide powder, the solution formed is blue green. Predict the new
compound formed which imparts a blue green colour to the solution.
Answer:
The new compound formed is copper chloride (CuCl2) which imparts a blue green colour to the solution.

Question 26.
Complete and balance the following chemical equations
a) CaCO3 + HCl →
b) Al + HCl →
Answer:
a) CaCO3 + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
b) 2 Al + 6 HCl → 2 AlCl3 + 3H2

Question 27.
Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions.
a) 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O
b) 2H2 + O → 2H2O
Answer:
a) Ammonia (NH3)
b) Hydrogen (H2)

Question 28.
A substance ‘X’ is used as a building material and is insoluble in water. When it reacts with dil. HCl, it produces
a gas which turns lime water milky.
i) Write the chemical name and formula of ’X’.
ii) Write chemical equations for the chemical reactions involved in the above statements.
Answer:
Substance ‘X’ is used as a building material and is insoluble in water. When it reacts with dil. HCl, it produces a
gas that turns lime water milky.
i) The chemical name and formula of ‘X’ is calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

ii) The chemical equations for the reactions involved are :

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

Question 29.

Identify the types of reaction mentioned above in (i) and (ii). Give one example for each type in the form of a
balanced chemical equation.
Answer:
i) Displacement reaction :
Fe (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → FeSO4 (aq) + Cu (s).
(or)
Zn(s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s).
(or)
Pb(s) + CuCl2 (s) → PbCl2 (aq) + Cu (s).

ii) Double displacement reaction :

Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl (aq).

Question 30.
Represent each of the following word equations with a balanced chemical equation.
a) Disilane gas (Si2H6) undergoes combustion to form solid silicon dioxide and water.
b) Solid aluminium hydride is formed by a combination reaction of its two elements.
c) When solid calcium bisulfite is heated, it decomposes to solid calcium oxide, sulfur dioxide gas, and water.
Answer:
a) 2Si2H6(g) + 7O2(g) → 4SiO2 + 6H2O(l)
b) 2Al(s) + 3H2 (g) → 2AlH3(S)
c) Ca(HSO3)2(s) → CaO(s) + 2SO2(s) + H2O(l)

Question 31.
i) Write two observations when lead nitrate is heated in a test tube.
ii) Name the type of reaction.
iii) Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the reaction.
Answer:
i) When lead nitrate is heated in a test tube, two observations can be made: the white crystals of lead nitrate
turn yellow and then red, and a brown gas with a pungent smell evolves.
ii) The type of reaction is thermal decomposition.
iii) The balanced chemical equation to represent the reaction is :
2Pb(NO3)2(s) → 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g).

Question 32.
A compound ‘X’ of sodium is used as an antacid and it decomposes on strong heating.
i) Name the compound ‘X’ and give its chemical formula.
ii) Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the decomposition ‘X’.
iii) Give one use of compound ‘X’ besides an antacid;
Answer:
i) The compound ‘X’ of sodium used as an antacid is sodium hydrogen carbonate with the chemical formula
NaHCO3.
ii) The balanced chemical equation to represent the decomposition of compound ‘X’ is :
2NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g).
iii) Besides being an antacid, compound ‘X’ is also used in baking as a leavening agent.

Question 33.
A student took a small amount of copper oxide in a conical flask and added dilute hydrochlorie acid to it with
constant stirring. He observed a change in colour of the solution.
i) Write the name of the compound formed and its colour.
ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved.
Answer:
i) The compound formed is copper chloride (CuCl2) and its colour is blue-green,
ii) The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is: copper oxide + hydrochloric acid → copper chloride +
water, i.e., CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O

Question 34.
You are provided with 90 mL of distilled water and 10 mL of concentrated sulphuric acid to prepare dilute
sulphuric acid.
i) What is the correct way of preparing dilute sulphuric acid ? Give reason,
ii) How will the concentration of H3O+ ions change on dilution ?
Answer:
i) The correct way of preparing dilute sulphuric acid is to add the 10 mL of concentrated sulphuric acid slowly
to 90 mL of distilled water while stirring continuously. This is because adding water to acid can cause a violent
reaction.
ii) The concentration of H3O+ ions decreases on dilution.

Question 35.
Complete and balance the following chemical equations :
i) NaOH(aq) + Zn(s) →
ii) CaCO3(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) →
iii) HCl(aq) + H3O(l) →
Answer:
The balanced chemical equations for the given reactions are:
i) 2NaOH(aq) + Zn(s) → Na2ZnO2(aq) + H2(g)
ii) CaCO3(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) → Ca(HCO3)2(aq)
iii) HCl(aq) + H2O(aq) → H3O+(aq) + Cl–(aq)