Chapter 8 21.

The three levels of computer language are lexical, syntactic and A B C D structural diagrammatic semantic textual

23. In State Transition Networks the circle represents the state of the system, the arc the transition between states. In most interactive systems the transition is triggered A B C D By a user action By a system action By an error Automatically

25. How many states are required to represent a dialog box with 4 concurrent options A B C D 4 8 16 32

26. You want to specify a web browser where the user can have many open browser windows, each of which may be in the state of 'loading', 'layout' or 'ready'. Which of the following diagrammatic dialog notations would you use A B C D State transition network Petri net Flow chart Jackson structured design diagram

27. Process algebras such as CSP have been developed to handle A B C D Sequential dialog Concurrent behaviour Sequential and concurrent behaviour Business process re-engineering

28. Why is dialog analysis important A It catches potential usability problems not foreseen by the designer B It prevents dialogs from becoming complex and unwieldy C It helps users to understand what the computer is communicating to them

D It ensures that all potential user actions are possible 29. Being able to get to a desired state in the dialog with ease satisfies the principle of A B C D Responsiveness Reachability Predictability Flexibility

Chapter 9 31. In a Z specification, an invariant is A B C D A variable that doesn't change for a particular operator A condition that must always be satisfied An operator that has no effect on a state Another word for the empty set

32. The framing problem is A The difficulty processors B The problem of C The difficulty D The problem of its presentation of drawing the boxes needed for Z specifications in many word specifying multiple open windows of specifying things that don't change during an operation linking the formal specification of the system functionality to

33. You want to specify obligations. What kind of logic would you use A B C D Permissive logic Deontic logic Temporal logic Predicate logic

35. Which of the following are examples of status phenomena (i) The level of water in a river (ii) A mouse click (iii) Midnight 1999 (iv) A thermometer A B C D (i) & (iii) (ii) only (i) & (iv) (i), (iii) & (iv)

36. Which of the following is NOT likely to lead to a perceived event for most users A B C D A beep while copy-typing A change in shape of the text insertion cursor while copy-typing A change in shape of the mouse cursor while drawing a line An animated icon appearing at the corner of the screen while drawing a line

38. Undo is often implemented poorly in interactive applications because A B C D Undo is a special sort of command It's difficult to achieve in a notification-based programming paradigm The programmers haven't specified the system clearly using Z or the PIE model Undo is unnecessary in modern interfaces

39. One of the original reasons for the PIE model was to help define WYSIWYG formally. Although there is no single 'WYSIWYG' property, the closest property in the PIE model is A B C D Passive strategies Observability Reachability Commensurate effort

Chapter 10 41. PostScript is A B C D An imaging A language A language An imaging model that uses an array of pixels to describe a picture for animating web pages for specifying the behaviour of electronic mail model based on paths and boundaries

42. The central feature of the X Windows System is A B C D A device-independent protocol 3-D sculpted windows Both of the above Neither of the above

44. What are callbacks A Handles to operating system code that is called when important events occur B Procedures written by the application programmer but called by the windowing system C Data structures used for programming undo systems D A feature found on most video phones

45. Examples of programming toolkits include A B C D PostScript and OSF Motif X Windows Java AWT and XView Java AWT and JavaScript

48. The widgets in many toolkits are structured in an object-oriented manner. This is because A It allows resources to be attached to particular screen objects B Most user interfaces are programmed in object-oriented languages C It allows the construction of complex interaction objects based on simpler ones D It allows widgets to inherit aspects such as 'font' or 'colour' from the screen objects in which they are contained 49. Which of the following is NOT a component of the Seeheim model A B C D View Presentation Application interface Dialog control

50. You are programming a modal dialog box (which is a form of pre-emptive dialog) in a notification-based programming paradigm. This A Is easy, because the paradigm naturally leads to modal dialog boxes B Requires the programming of an inner read-evaluation loop C Is difficult, because the control flow is out of the hands of the application programmer D Is a nonsensical question, because a modal dialog box is not pre-emptive. Chapter 11 27. When evaluation occurs at the end of the design process on a fully working system it is called A B C D Formative Cognitive Summative Qualitative

28. You are evaluating a new flight control system to be used by an aircraft pilot. What would be an appropriate style of evaluation A Laboratory study B Field study

C Longitudinal study D Ethnographic study 29. Which statement best describes the benefit of a field study A B C D All aspects of the evaluation can be controlled leading to precise results Specialist equipment is easily available for recording the evaluation The subject is not influenced by the presence of the evaluator It allows the interaction to be studied in context

31. If five expert evaluators independently analyse an interface using a heuristic evaluation what percentage of usability problems is likely to be uncovered? A B C D 55% 65% 75% 85%

32. Why is it not always possible to reuse published experimental results in new situations? A B C D The original authors may not give permission. It is more time consuming to search the literature than to redo an experiment. The context of the experiment may be different to the current situation. All experiments must be original.

33. You wish to test which of two sets of icons is recognised fastest by users. Which form of evaluation would be most appropriate? A B C D Experimental evaluation. Heuristic evaluation. Query based evaluation. Observational evaluation.

35. Which of the following situations would suggest the choice of a within groups experimental design? A B C D Very few representative users are available. It is important to avoid transfer of learning. There is little variation between users in the group. The task to be done is complex.

36. When can parametric statistical tests be used? A When the dependent variable follows a normal distribution. B When the dependent variable is discrete. C When the dependent variable does not follow a normal distribution.

D None of the above. 37. Which statement best describes a co-operative evaluation? A The evaluator observes the user carrying out tasks of their interruption. The user describes what he is doing. B The evaluator observes the user carrying out pre-determined interruption. The user says nothing. C The evaluator observes the user carrying out pre-determined interruption and the user describes what he is doing and says the system. D The evaluator observes the user carrying out pre-determined interrupts when confused; the user describes what he is doing thinks of the system. own choice without tasks without tasks without what he thinks of tasks and and says what he

39. Why is immediacy a desirable characteristic of evaluation methods? A B C D Users' recollection of events can be unreliable. Evaluation can alter the way a user performs. The evaluator doesn't have time to wait. The evaluation session is usually time-constrained.

40. Which of the following evaluation methods is least intrusive? A B C D Post-task walkthrough. Cognitive walkthrough. Co-operative evaluation. Experimental evaluation.

41. Which are necessary features of an effective cognitive walkthrough? (i) The evaluation is done by a team of evaluators working independently. (ii) An executable prototype is used to walk through the expected task sequence. (iii) A believable story is formulated for every step in the task sequence. (iv) Background information (e.g., knowledge of application domain and experience with interface style) of the intended user population should be known. A B C D (i), (iii) & (iv) (ii), (iii) & (iv) (iii) & (iv) All of these

42. Which evaluation technique would you choose if you were trying to compare performance times for two optional interfaces for the same well-defined task? A GOMS linked with KLM B Think aloud C Questionnaire

D CCT linked with a Fitts' Law calculation 43. Which formative evaluation technique would you choose if you wanted to determine the learnability of a design for a well-defined user population? A Questionnaire B Cognitive walkthrough C Heuristic evaluation D Think aloud Chapter 12 44. You are designing a user support system as part of an application design. Your first priority for consideration should be A B C D the technology available how support is presented to the user the task and context of the user implementation issues

45. An example-based technique for knowledge representation makes use of A B C D a a a a set of rules and facts interpreted logically structure containing labelled slots to which values may be assigned hierarchy of relationships between facts decision structure of a classification system

47. To satisfy the principle of availability, a help system must A B C D support any topic on which the user might need help run concurrently with the application adapt to the user's level of expertise behave in a predictable way

48. Command assistance is of use to someone who A B C D wants to find does not know has forgotten is unfamiliar help on a particular command they do not often use what command to use for a particular task the name of a command they want to use with a system and wants to find out what it can do

49. The four main types of assistance required by users are A quick reference, task-specific help, full explanation, tutorial B quick reference, task-specific help, command assistance, tutorial C adaptive help, task-specific help, full explanation, tutorial D quick reference, on-line documentation, full explanation, command assistance

51. Adaptive help is an instance of which class of interactive system A B C D intelligent collaborative multi-modal expert

52. Knowledge of the user can be difficult to elicit because A B C D user behaviour is variable users' intentions may not be apparent from their actions both of the above neither of the above

Chapter 13 1. Which of the following elements of the Time-Space Matrix best describe video conferencing? A B C D Synchronous and co-located Asynchronous and co-located Asynchronous and remote Synchronous and remote

3. Which of the following is a significant issue associated with structured messaging systems? A B C D Emails are filtered An increased burden An increased burden Message composition which loses important information is placed on the sender is placed on the recipient is made simpler

5. Why might participants in a workstation based video conference feel a lack of engagement with each other? A B C D They do not meet socially and so do not know one another Eye contact is difficult to establish due to the position of the camera The video conference focuses too closely on individual participants The participants are too engrossed in other activities

7. What is deixis? A B C D A A A A group pointer which allows contextual references reference to objects which uses contextual information method of floor control shared object for managing conflict

8. What is the main difference between shared PCs/windows and other forms of groupware? A Shared PCs/windows B Shared PCs/windows C Shared PCs/windows collaborative work D Shared PCs/windows require collaboration-aware applications require special resources in terms of software and hardware allow ordinary applications to be the focus of are used for social applications only

9. Which of the following is most likely to jeopardise the success of a shared diary system? A B C D Problems arising from technical complexity Failure to account for social and personal factors Failure to identify free slots Problems of lack of access to all members of the organisation

10. What is the meaning of monotonic in the context of groupware? A B C D Only one person can use the system at a time Messages can only be added not removed Network transmission delays lead to dialogue failure Groupware that is not interesting to use

12. A groupware architecture where application and data are held on a central computer and the interaction is managed by each workstation is called A B C D Replicated Master-slave Client-server Hybrid

13. In groupware, every user action must be passed through to every other participant's screen. For n participants how many network messages are implied by this? A B C D n n2 2n n-1

Chapter 14 14. How can designers of video conferencing systems protect the participants' sense of personal space? A By using a video tunnel B By making participants stay in one place

C By allowing participants to adjust the zoom on their own camera D By allowing participants to adjust the zoom on each others' camera 15. What is a back channel? A B C D A sub-verbal communication The response component of an adjacency pair A low bandwidth telecommunication channel A gesture

16. What is the most basic conversational structure? A B C D A speech act Turn-taking An utterance A word

17. Why is it more difficult to repair conversational breakdown in electronic communication than in face-to-face? (SELECT AS MANY AS APPLY) A B C D Redundancy is reduced Back channels are increased Turn-taking is more frequent Participants are less engaged

18. What is common ground? A B C D Unification of knowledge and background Shared understanding sufficient for current task An attempt to interpret an utterance correctly The process of negotiating meaning

19. What theory was the structured message system Coordinator based upon? A B C D Adjacency pairs Conversation for action Propositional meaning Turn-taking

20. What is non-linear structuring of textual communication? A B C D Messages Messages Messages Messages are are are are added in temporal order arranged in two-dimensional space directed linked via hypertext

21. What is an emoticon?

A B C D

An explicit token to express affective state An icon on an email system A level of priority given to an email message A confirmation that the receiver has understood the message

22. What is the main effect of reducing the pace of a conversation? A B C D Granularity is reduced Interactivity is reduced Interactivity is increased Feedback is increased

24. What are the power positions in a standard electronic meeting room? A B C D The front of the room The back of the room The centre of the room There are no power positions in electronic meeting rooms

25. Which of these statements is true of evaluating groupware as compared to evaluating single user systems? (SELECT AS MANY AS APPLY) A B C D E Representative users are more difficult to find Suitable tasks are more time consuming to develop Specialist equipment is required Statistical analysis is more complex Ethnographic studies are less appropriate

26. What is critical mass? A B C D The The The The time taken for a system to become established number of users required to make a system cost effective cost of the system in relation to the benefit it brings number of times a system is used in a specified time period