Complete Subjective Test-05 VICTORY 2024 24/12/2023

PHYSICS

SECTION-A (40 Marks) (f) For a convex lens, the minimum distance
Attempt all question from this Section between an object and its real image in terms of
Question 1 Objective Type Questions (1*15 = 15) focal length (f) of a given lens must be:
(a) A moment of couple has a tendency to rotate the (A) 1.5 f (B) 2.5 f
body in an anticlockwise direction then that (C) 2 f (D) 4 f
moment of couple is taken as:
(A) positive (g) Two sound waves X and Y have same amplitude
(B) negative and same wave pattern, but their frequencies are
(C) maximum 60 Hz and 120 Hz respectively, then:
(D) zero (A) X will be shriller and Y will be grave
(B) X will be grave and Y will be shriller
(b) The kinetic energy of a given body depends on (C) X will differ in quality than Y
the: (D) X is louder than Y.
(A) position
(B) centre of gravity of body (h) Vibrations produced in a body under the
(C) momentum influence of the periodic force is;
(D) displacement (A) forced vibrations
(B) resonant vibrations
(c) For burning of coal in a thermoelectric station, (C) damped vibrations
the energy conversion taking place is: (D) sympathetic vibrations
(A) chemical to heat to mechanical
(B) chemical to heat to mechanical to electrical (i) The graph of voltage vs current for four
(C) chemical to heat to light different materials is shown below. The graph of
(D) heat to chemical to mechanical voltage vs current for four different materials is
shown below.
(d) A nucleus of an atom consists of 146 neutrons
and 95 protons. It decays after emitting an alpha
particle. How many protons and neutrons are left
in the nucleus after an alpha emission?
(A) protons = 93 , neutrons = 144
(B) protons = 195, neutrons = 142
(C) protons = 89, neutrons = 144
(D) protons = 89, neutrons = 142 (A) Q
(B) S
(e) Assertion: Infrared radiations travel long (C) P
distances through dense fog and mist. (D) R
Reason: Infrared radiations undergoes minimal
scattering in earth's atmosphere (j) According to the old convention the color of the
(A) both assertion and reason are true. earth wire is:
(B) both assertion and reason are false. (A) black (B) green
(C) assertion is false but reason is true. (C) yellow (D) red
(D) assertion is true reason is false.
(k) Lenz’s law is based on the law of conservation (b) A metre rod made of copper and steel as shown
of: in the diagram. Weights of copper and steel are
(A) force (B) charge 10 N and 8 N respectively.
(C) mass (D) energy (i) On which part does the centre of gravity lie
(0 to 50 or 50 to 100).
(ii) Justify your answer.
(l) Heat capacity of a body is:
(A) The energy needed to melt the body
without the change in its temperature.
(B) The energy needed to raise the temperature
(c) A lever is shown below.
of the body by 1°C
(C) The increase in the volume of the body
when its temperature increases by 1°C
(D) The total amount of internal energy that is
constant.
(i) Identify the type of lever.
(m) The amount of heat energy required to melt a (ii) Calculate its mechanical advantage.
given mass of a substance at its melting point
without rise in its temperature is called: (d) Two bodies A and B have same kinetic energies.
(A) specific heat capacity Compare their velocities if mass of A is four
(B) specific latent heat of fusion times the mass of B.
(C) latent heat of fusion
(e) Draw a graph of potential energy vs height from
(D) specific latent heat of freezing
the ground for a body thrown vertically
upwards.
(n) When a ray of light enters from a denser
medium to a rarer medium then: (f) Two copper wires A and B are of the same
(A) the light ray bends towards the normal thickness and are at the room temperature. If the
(B) the speed of light increases length of A is twice the length of B then:
(C) the angle of incidence is greater than the (i) Compare their resistances
angle of refraction (ii) Compare their resistivity
(D) its wavelength decreases.
(g) (i) Name the waves used for echo depth
sounding.
(o) An endoscope uses optical fiber to transmit high
(ii) Give one reason for their use in the above
resolution images of internal organs without loss
application
of information. The phenomenon of light that
governs the functioning of the optical fiber is: Question 3
(A) refraction (a)
(B) reflection (i) Refer to the diagram given below. A lens
(C) scattering with two different refractive indices is
(D) total internal reflection shown. If the rays are coming from a
distant object, then how many images will
be seen?
Question 2
(a) (i) Name the principle on which a lever works.
(ii) Which radiations that are emitted during
the decay of a nucleus, having highest
penetrating power?
(iii) Does the emission of the above-mentioned
(ii) A glass lens always forms a virtual, erect
radiation result in a change in the mass
and diminished image of an object kept in
number? front of it. Identify the lens.
(b) It is observed that the house circuits are (c) The below diagram shows that an observer
arranged in a parallel combination. Give two sees the image of an object O at I.
advantages of this arrangement.

(c) A transformer is used to change a high

alternating e.m.f. to a low alternating e.m.f. of
the same frequency.
(i) Identify the type of transformer used for the
above purpose.
(ii) State whether the turns ratio of the above
transformer is = 1 or >1 or <1. (i) Name and define the phenomenon
responsible for seeing the image at a
(d) A solid of mass 60 g at 100°C is placed in 150 g different position.
of water at 20°C. The final steady temperature is (ii) State the effect on X when:
25°C. Calculate the heat capacity of solid? 1. Y increases
2. Y decreases
[sp. heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g -1 K-1]
Question 5
(e) What is a nuclear waste? State one method to (a) An object is placed at a distance 24 cm in front
dispose it safely. of a convex lens of focal length 8 cm.
(i) What is the nature of the image so
SECTION-B (40 Marks) formed?
(ii) Calculate the distance of the image from
Attempt any four question from this Section
the lens.
Question 4
(a) The diagram below shows a fish in the tank and (b) When sunlight passes through water droplets
its image seen in the surface of water. in the atmosphere it gets dispersed into its
constituent colours forming a rainbow.
A similar phenomenon is observed when white
light passes through a prism.
(i) Which colour will show the maximum
angle of deviation and which colour will
show the minimum angle of deviation?
(ii) If instead of sunlight, a green-coloured
(i) Name the phenomenon responsible for the ray is passed through a glass prism. What
formation of this image. will be the colour of the emergent ray?
(ii) Complete the path of the ray through the (c) (i) Mixture of red + blue + green is passed
glass prism of critical angle 42° till it through a convex lens as shown in the
emerges out of the prism. diagram below. State whether the ray
passes through a single point or through
different points on principle axis after
refraction.

(b) (i) The refractive index of water is 1.33 at a

certain temperature. When the temperature
of water is increased by 40°C, the refractive (ii) Name the invisible radiations which can
be obtained using quartz prism? State one
index changes to 'x'. State whether x < 1.33
use of these radiations.
or x > 1.33. (iii) Name one radiations having wavelength
(ii) State two differences between normal longer than the wavelength of these
reflection and total internal reflection. radiations.
Question 6 (c) The figure below shows a simple pendulum of
(a) Sumit and Sachin went for a trek and during mass 200 g. It is displaced from the mean
the journey they visited a cottage. position A to the extreme position B.
They suspended their bags to the two ropes The potential energy at the position A is zero.
hanging from P and Q on a wheel capable of At the position B the pendulum bob is raised
rotating around O. Sumit suspended his bag to by 5 m.
the rope Q and Sachin suspended his bag from
the rope P. The wheel remained in equilibrium.

(i) What is the potential energy of the

pendulum at the position B?
(ii) What is the total mechanical energy at
point C?
(iii) What is the speed of the bob at the
position A when released from B?
(Take g = 10 ms-2 and given that there is no
loss of energy.)

Question 7
(a) A person standing in front of a cliff fires a gun
and hears its echo after 3s. If the speed of
sound in air is 336 ms–1
(i) State with a reason who is carrying a (i) Calculate the distance of the person from
the cliff.
heavier bag.
(ii) After moving a certain distance from the
(ii) Based on the principle of moments, write
cliff, he fires the gun again and this time
a mathematical relation that can be used
the echo is heard 1.5 s later than the first.
to determine the weight (W) of Sachin's
Calculate distance moved by the person.
bag, given that the weight of Sumit's bag
is 18 kgf. (b) A radioactive nucleus X emits an alpha
particle followed by two beta particles to form
(b) The diagram below shows a block and tackle nucleus Y.
system. (i) With respect to the element X, where
would you position the element Y in the
periodic table?
(ii) What is the general name of the element
X and Y.
(iii) If the atomic number of Y is 80 then what
is the atomic number of X?

(c) A boy tunes a radio channel to a radio station

93.5 MHz.
(i) Copy and complete the labelled diagram (i) Name and define the scientific wave
showing the correct connection of the phenomenon involved in tuning the radio
tackle, the direction of the forces involved channel.
to obtain maximum V.R. with the (ii) Name the important characteristics of
convenient direction. sound that is affected during this
(ii) Calculate the M.A. of this pulley system phenomenon.
if its efficiency is 80%. (iii) Convert 93.5 MHz to SI unit.
Question 8
(a) Purvi's friend Tim wants to connect a fuse to (b) The diagram below shows a cooling curve for
his oven. He wants to control the oven from a substance:
two different locations. Shown below is his (i) State the temperatures at which the
circuit diagram. substance condenses.
(ii) The temperature range in which the
substance is in liquid state.

(i) Which one of the two, A or B should be a

live wire?
(ii) In the event of an overload, will the fuse (iii) Why do we prefer ice to ice-cold water
serve its purpose? for cooling a drink?
(iii) What is the meaning of the statement that
the bulb is rated 600W, 220 V? (c) A magnet is released along the axis of a
(b) (i) Copy and complete the following nuclear copper coil as shown in the diagram.
reaction.
222 218
86 Rn → 84 Po +− X
(ii) What will be the effect on the radiation X,
emitted in the above reaction when it is
allowed to pass through an electric field?

(c) Observe the given circuit diagram and answer

the questions that follow:

(i) State the polarity at the top end of the coil

(i) Calculate the resistance of the circuit when the magnet leaves the coil.
when the key K completes the circuit. (ii) The direction of the current is from A to
(ii) Calculate the current through 3Ω B when magnet enters the coil. What will
resistance when the circuit is complete. be the direction of the current when the
magnet leaves the coil.
Question 9 (iii) Name the law which can be used to
(a) What mass of ice at 0°C added to 2.1 kg water, determine the direction of the induced
will cool it down from 75°C to 25°C? current in the coil?
Given: Specific heat capacity of water (vi) State one way to increase the magnitude
= 4.2 Jg–1 C–1 of the induced current in the coil?
Specific latent heat of ice = 336 Jg –1
 Hints and Solution
1. (i) (C) The coil of a toaster should produce a
(a) (A) The anticlockwise moment is taken as high heating effect so its resistance should
positive while the clockwise moment is be high. From the graph, slope of line for
taken as negative. substance P is the greatest hence,
1 resistance of P is highest. So, substance P
(b) (C) As kinetic energy mv 2
2 is most suitable for making the coil of a
If we multiply and divide by m then we get, toaster.
(mv) 2 (j) (B) In the old colour convention, green colour
is used for earth wire.
2m
(k) (D) Lenz's law is based on the law of
As mv = momentum (p), so
conservation of energy. It shows that the
p2 mechanical energy is spent in doing work
kinetic energy =
2m against the opposing force experienced by
Therefore, kinetic energy of a given body the moving magnet, and it is transformed
depends on the momentum. into the electrical energy due to which
(c) (B) A thermal power station is a type of power current flows in the solenoid.
station in which heat energy is converted to (l) (B) The term heat capacity of a body is the
electrical energy. amount of heat energy required to raise
Here, the chemical energy of coal is it's temperature by 1° C (or 1 K). The S.I.
changed into heat energy, which is unit of heat capacity is joule per kelvin
transferred to steam. Then the heat energy (JK–1)
of steam changes into mechanical energy (m) (C) Heat energy absorbed in change of phase
of turbine that is further changed into that is not externally manifested by any
electrical energy. rise in temperature is called the latent heat
(d) (A) An alpha particle consists of two protons of fusion.
and two neutrons. Emission of alpha particle
(n) (B) The speed of light increases when it
reduces the number of protons by 2 and also
enters from a denser medium to a rarer
the number of neutrons by 2. Hence, number
medium. Lower density of the rarer
of protons = 95 – 2 = 93 and number of
medium causes less interaction between
neutrons = 146 – 2 = 144.
photons and particles. This reduces the
(e) (A) Infrared radiations travel long distances
scattering and results in a higher speed.
through dense fog and mist as they
undergo minimal scattering in earth's (o) (D) Total internal reflection is the principle
atmosphere. that allows light to propagate through the
(f) (D) When the object is kept at 2 F1, then, its core of an optical fiber by continuously
image is formed at 2F2. This is the position reflecting off the inner walls of the fiber
of minimum distance between object and due to the angle at which it strikes those
image (i.e., 2f + 2f = 4f ) walls.
(g) (B) The shrillness of a sound wave is directly 2.
proportional to its frequency, meaning that (a) (i) A lever works on the principle of moments,
higher frequencies result in shriller sounds according to which in the equilibrium
and lower frequencies result in grave position of levers, moment of load about
sound. the fulcrum must be equal to the moment of
(h) (A) The vibrations of a body which take place effort about the fulcrum and the two
under the influence of an external periodic moments must be in opposite directions.
force acting on it, are called forced (ii) Gamma radiations emitted during the decay
vibrations. E.g. the vibrations produced in of a nucleus have the highest penetrating
the diaphragm of a microphone sound box power.
with frequencies corresponding to the (iii) When gamma radiations are emitted from
speech of the speaker, are the forced the nucleus then there is no change in
vibrations. mass number as gamma radiations have
no charge and mass.
(b) (i) Centre of gravity of the given rod lie (f) (i) Let the length of wire B be L and that of A
between 0 to 50. be 2L
(ii) In equilibrium, length
R =
(F1) x distance (I1) = (F2) x distance (I2) area
As, F1 > F2 As area and specific resistance (ρ) are same
Hence, I1 < I2 for both wires A and B,
Therefore, centre of gravity lies between Hence,
0 to 50. R a la 2L 2
= = =
R b lb L 1
(c) (i) It is a class III lever. Hence, the ratio between resistances A and
(ii) Mechanical advantage B is 2 : 1
effort arm 0.1 1 (ii) Both the wires will have the same specific
= = = = 0.25
load arm 0.4 4 resistance because the specific resistance is
(d) Considering Body A: a characteristic property of the material and
Let mass of body A = ma = 4m as both the wires are of copper hence both
Let kinetic energy of body A = K will have same specific resistance.
Let velocity of body A = Va
Considering Body B: (g) (i) The waves used for echo depth sounding
Mass of body B = mb = m [∵ mass of A is four are ultrasonic waves.
(ii) Ultrasonic waves can travel undeviated
times the mass of B]
through a long distance and so they are
Kinetic energy of body B = K [∵ A and B have
used for echo depth sounding.
same kinetic energies]
Let velocity of body B = Vb
3.
Given, A and B have same kinetic energies, (a) (i) Two images will be seen.
1 1 According to the lens maker formula:
 4mVa2 = mVb2
2 2 1  1 1 
= ( − 1)  − 
4mVa2 = mVb2 f  R1 R 2 
Va2 1 Focal length is a function of refractive
= index, hence for two different refractive
Vb2 4
index there will be two different focal
Va 1 Va 1 lengths.
 =  =
Vb 4 Vb 2 Two different focal length implies two
Hence, Va : Vb = 1 : 2 or velocity of body B is different images for same object. Hence 2
two times the velocity of body A. images will be formed.
(ii) Concave lens
(e) Graph of potential energy vs height from the
(b) (i) Two advantages of this arrangement are:
ground for a body thrown vertically upwards is
(1) Each appliance operates independently
shown below:
without being affected by the presence or
working of the other appliances.
(2) Each appliance gets connected to 220 V
supply (= its voltage rating) for its normal
working.

(c) (i) Step down transformer

(ii) Turns ratio is n < 1, i.e., number of turns
in the secondary are less than the number
of turns in the primary.
(d) Given, (b) (i) In general, the refractive index of a
Mass of solid (m) = 60 g substance decreases with increasing
Fall in temperature of solid = (100 – 25) temperature. Therefore, if the temperature
= 75°C of water is increased by 40°C, the refractive
Rise in temperature of water = (25 – 20) index 'x' is expected to be lesser than 1.33.
= 5°C Hence, we can state that x < 1.33.
Let specific heat capacity of solid be c. (ii) Two differences between normal reflection
Heat energy given by solid = mc△t and total internal reflection are:
= 60 × c × 75 = 4500 × c .....(1) S.N. Normal reflection Total internal
Heat energy taken by water reflection
= 150 × 4.2 × 5 = 3150 .....(2) 1. Normal reflection Total internal
Assuming that there is no loss of heat can occur reflection
energy, whenever light occurs when
Heat energy given by solid = Heat energy taken encounters a light travelling
by water. reflective in a denser
Equating equations 1 & 2, we get, surface, such as a medium, is
4500 × c = 3150 mirror, glass, or incident at the
3150 water, without surface of a
c= any specific rarer medium at
4500
conditions related an angle of
c = 0.7Jg−1K−1
to the angle of incidence
specific heat capacity of the solid = 0.7 J g –1 K–1 incidence. greater than the
Heat capacity of solid critical angle
= mass (m) × specific heat capacity = 60 × for the pair of
0.7 = 42 J K–1 media.
Hence, 2. In normal In total internal
Heat capacity of solid = 42 J K–1 reflection, only a reflection, the
part of the light is entire incident
(e) The radioactive material after its use such as reflected while rest light is reflected
nuclear power generation, nuclear weapons is refracted and back into the
production, and nuclear medicine is known as absorbed. So, the denser medium.
nuclear waste. reflection is partial. So there is no
loss of light
The nuclear waste obtained from laboratories,
energy.
hospitals, scientific establishments or power
plants must be first kept in thick casks and then
(c) (i) refraction
they must be buried in the specially constructed
The change in direction of the path of
deep underground stores. These underground
light when it passes from one transparent
stores must be far away from the populated
medium to another transparent medium, is
areas.
called refraction.
(ii) The shift X,
4.
1. increases when Y increases
(a) (i) Refraction
2 decreases when Y decreases.
(ii) Below diagram shows the completed path
5.
of the ray till it emerges out of the prism:
(a) (i) Real and inverted image is formed.
(ii) Given, focal length = 8 cm
Object distance (u) = –24 cm
Image distance (v) = ?
From lens formula —
 1 1 1 Let wt. of Sumit's bag be W
− = At equilibrium,
v u f
Clockwise moment = Anticlockwise
Substituting the values in the formula we moment
get, W  OP = 18  OR
1 1 1 18  OR
− = W=
v −24 8 OP
1 1 1 (b) (i) The completed diagram is given below:
+ =
v 24 8
1 1 1
= −
v 8 24
1 3 −1 1 2
 =  =
v 24 v 24
1 1
 =
v 12
 v = 12
∴ The image is formed at a distance of
12 cm behind the lens.
(b) (i) When sunlight passes through water (ii) η = 80% given
droplets in the atmosphere or through a V.R. = n = 3,
prism, violet light shows the maximum M.A. =?
angle of deviation, while red light shows M.A. 80 M.A.
= , =
the minimum angle of deviation. V.R. 100 3
(ii) The colour of emergent ray will be green. 80 240
M.A. = 3 = = 2.4
A prism does not change the colour of 100 100
light. It just disperses white light into its
constituent colours. (c) Given,
h=5m
m = 200 g = 0.2 kg
(c) (i) The ray will pass through different points
g = 10 ms–2
on principle axis after refraction through (i) Potential energy UB at B is given by
the convex lens. Red colour will deviate UB = m × g × h
the least, followed by green and then blue Substituting the values we get,
will deviate the most. UB = 0.2 × 10 × 5 = 10 J
(ii) Ultraviolet radiations. Ultraviolet Hence, the potential energy of the
radiations are used for sterilising air, pendulum at the position B = 10 J
surgical equipment, etc. (ii) Total mechanical energy at point C = 10 J
The total mechanical energy is same at all
(iii) Infrared radiation.
points of the path due to conservation of
mechanical energy.
6. (iii) At A, bob has only kinetic energy which
(a) (i) At equilibrium clockwise moment = is equal to potential energy at B,
anticlockwise moment Therefore,
Moment = force x perpendicular distance 1
 m  ( vA ) = UB
2
Wt. of Sachin's bag x OP = Wt. of Sumit's 2
bag x OR 0.5  0.2  ( vA ) = 10
2
As OR < OP. Hence, Wt. of Sumit's bag >
10
Wt. of Sachin's bag. ( v A )2 = ,  v A = 100
Hence, Sumit's bag is heavier than 0.1
Sachin's bag  vA = 10ms−1
(ii) Given
Wt. of Sumit's bag = 18 kgf
7. (c) (i) Resonance
(a) (i) Let the distance of the cliff from the Definition– When the frequency of the
initial position of the person be x m. externally applied periodic force on a
Time after which echo is heard = 3 sec body is equal to its natural frequency, the
So, the distance travelled by sound in body readily begins to vibrate with an
3 sec = 2x m increased amplitude. This phenomenon is
Speed of sound in air = 336 m/s known as resonance.
Distance = speed x time (ii) Loudness, when resonance occurs the
Substituting the values we get, loudness increases as the amplitude of the
∴ The initial distance of the person from vibration is increased.
the cliff is 504 m. (iii) 1 MHz = 106 Hz
2x = 336  3 93.5 MHz = 93.5 ×106 Hz = 9.35 ×107 Hz
336  3
x=
2 8.
 x = 168  3 (a) (i) The switch is always connected to the live
 x = 504m wire. In above diagram, wire B is
(ii) As time taken to hear the echo is connected to switch so wire B must be the
increased by 1.5 sec, hence, the person live wire.
has moved away from the cliff. (ii) No, the fuse will not serve its purpose.
Let the distance moved by the person In the diagram, the fuse is connected to
from his initial position be y m. the earth wire and not the live wire. In
Time after which echo is heard case of overload, the excess current will
= 1.5 + 3 = 4.5 sec first pass through the oven damaging it
New distance = 504 + y and after that will flow through the fuse.
So, the distance travelled by sound in (iii) It means that if the bulb is operated on a
4.5 sec = 2(504 + y) m 220V supply, the electric power
Speed of sound in air = 336 m/s consumed by it is 600 W i.e., 600 J of
Distance = speed x time electric energy is consumed by the bulb
Substituting the values we get, in 1 s.
2(504 + y) = 336  4.5
222 218
336  4.5 (b) (i) 86 Rn → 84 Po +42 X
 504 + y =
2 (ii) Radiation X are alpha particles. So, they
 y = (168  4.5) − 504 will be deflected towards the negative
 y = 756 − 504 plate when passed through an electric
field.
 y = 252m
∴ Distance moved by the person = 252 m (c) (i) 5Ω and 3Ω are in series so their
(b) (i) A
ZX →A−4Z−2 X1 +42 He →A−4 ZZ−1X2 +0−1 e equivalent resistance (Rs) = 5 + 3 = 8Ω
→A−4 ZZY +0−1 e Now 2Ω and Rs are in parallel.
We can see from the above that X and Y 1 1 1
= +
have same atomic number. Hence, X and R p Rs 2
Y will occupy the same position in the 1 1 1
 = +
periodic table. Rp 2 8
(ii) Isotope.
1 4 +1 1 5
(iii) When the atomic no of Y = 80 and X and  = ,  =
Rp 8 Rp 8
Y are isotopes then atomic no. of X will
also be 80. 8
R p = = 1.6Ω
5
 From circuit diagram, = mi  c  change in temperature
Internal Resistance = 0.4 Ω = mi  4.2  (25 − 0)
Total resistance of circuit
= mi  4.2  25
= 1.6 + 0.4 = 2 Ω
emf = mi 105
(ii) I = heat energy released = heat energy taken
Total Resistance
4 Substituting the values we get,
= = 2A 4, 41,000 = ( mi  336 ) + ( mi  105 )
2
Now, the current I divides in 2 parts.  4,41,000 = 336mi + 105mi
Let current across 2Ω be I1 and across the  4,41,000 = 441mi
series combination of 5Ω and 3Ω be I2
441000
I = I1 + I2 = 2 A .....(1)  mi =
441
Terminal Voltage of cell V = IR p
= 2 ×1.6 = 3.2 V  mi = 1000g or 1Kg
∴ P.d. across 2 Ω resistor = 3.2 V Hence, the mass of ice added = 1 Kg
3.2V
I1 = = 1.6A (b) (i) Substance condenses at 150° C
2Ω
(ii) 150 to 60°C
Substituting value of I1 in Eq 1,
(iii) 1g of ice at 0°C takes 336J of heat energy
2 = 1.6 + I2
from the drink to melt into water at 0° C.
⇒ I2 = 2 - 1.6 = 0.4 A
Thus, the drink liberates an additional
Hence, current across 3Ω = 0.4 A
336J of heat energy to 1g ice at 0°C than
to 1g ice-cold water at 0°C. Therefore,
9.
cooling produced by 1g ice at 0°C is
(a) Given,
much more than that by 1g water at 0°C.
mw = 2.1 kg = 2100 g
(c) (i) North pole
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 Jg–1 C–1
When the magnet leaves the coil, then as
Specific latent heat of ice = 336 Jg –1
per Lenz's law, the bottom end of the coil
mi = ?
develops south pole hence top end of the
Heat energy given out by water in lowering it's
coil develops north pole.
temperature from 75°C to 25°C
(ii) Direction will be from B to A
= m × c × change in temperature
When the magnet leaves the coil, then as
= 2100  4.2  (75 − 25)
per Lenz's law, the direction of induced
= 2100  4.2  50 current in the coil will try to oppose it.
= 4,41,000 Hence, it will be in the opposite direction
Heat energy taken by m kg ice to melt into to what it was when the magnet entered
water at 0°C the coil. So, direction of induced current
= mi × L will be from B to A.
= mi × 336 (iii) Lenz's law
Heat energy taken by water at 0°C to raise it's (iv) Increasing the number of turns in the coil.
temperature to 25°C

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