Important Check List of Class 12th Board Exam [2024-25]

Starred questions are more important

Q1. Electric Field due to electric dipole along axial line.

Q2. Electric Field due to electric dipole along equitorial line
Q3. Electric potential due to electric dipole along axial line.
Q4. Electric potential due to electric dipole along equitorial line
Q5. Force; torque and potential energy of electric dipole placed in uniform electric field.
*Q6. Work done in rotating electric dipole from one angle to another angle in uniform
electric field.
*Q7. Concept of stable and unstable equilibrium for electric dipole in uniform electric field.
*Q8. Using Gauss law, derive the expression for
(a) Electric field due to infinite linear charge of charge density l.
(b) Electric field due to infinite thin sheet of charge density .
*Q9. A spherical shell or a hollow conducting sphere of radius R has uniform charge q on
its surface. Derive an expression for electric field at a distance r from it such that
(a) r > R i.e. outside the sphere
(b) r < R i.e. inside the sphere
Hence draw the graph showing variation of electric filed with distance due to same
*Q10. A spherical shell or a hollow conducting sphere of radius R has uniform surface
charge density s. Derive an expression for electric field at a distance r from it such that
(a) r > R i.e. outside the sphere
(b) r < R i.e. inside the sphere
Hence draw the graph showing variation of electric filed with distance due to same.
*Q11. Two thin sheets I and II having charged densities + s and – s are placed close to
each other. Find electric field due to combination at a point
(a) Left of first sheet
(b) Between two sheets
(c) Right of second sheet
*Q12. Two thin sheets I and II having charge densities + s and + s are placed close to each
other. Find electric field due to combination at a point
(a) Left of first sheet
(b) Between two sheets
(c) Right of second sheet
Q13. Prove that electric field just above the surface of conductor of uniform charge density
𝝈
s is 𝑬 = 𝜺 𝒏 $ . Here 𝒏$ is the outward unit vector perpendicular to the conductor at that
𝟎
point.
Q14. A hollow charged conductor has a tiny hole cut into its surface. Show that the electric
𝝈
$ . Here 𝒏
field in the hole is 𝑬 = 𝟐𝜺 𝒏 $ is the outward unit vector perpendicular to the
𝟎
conductor at that point, and s is the surface charge density near the hole.
*Q15. Derive capacitance of parallel plate capacitor with
(a) Air as dielectric
(b) Conducting slab as dielectric
(c) Capacitance with dielectric slab in between.
Q16. *Derive expression for electric energy stored in a capacitor. Hence prove that electric
energy density is given by e0E2/2
Q17. ⁠Statement of Kirchhoff's laws and Wheatstone bridge balanced condition

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Q18. Obtain relation between
(a) Drift velocity and relaxation time
(b) Drift velocity and current.
Q19. Derive the following
(a) Prove Ohm’s law.
!
(b) ! = !
"# "
! ""#
(c) * # = ! $ %
A% ! & & '
Q20. *Give and derive force between two parallel wires carrying current and hence define
one ampere
Q21. State Biot savart law. Using it derive expression for magnetic field
(a) At centre of a circular wire.
(b) *Along the axis of a circular wire.
Q22. State Ampere Circuital law. Using it derive expression for magnetic field
(a) At a distance r from a straight thin wire
(b) At a distance r from a straight thick wire (inside as well outside)
(c) At a distance r from a straight hollow wire (inside as well outside)
Q23. Derive expression for
(a) Force on a straight wire placed in uniform magnetic field.
(b) Force and torque on a loop carrying current and placed in uniform magnetic field.
Q24. ⁠Moving Coil Galvanometer
(a) *Construction, working and Theory
(b) *Use of radial magnetic field
(c) *Use of core
(d) *conversion to Voltmeter and Ammeter
Q25. AC Generator
Q26. Transformer:
(a) *Principle construction and working and various losses.
(b) *Why overhead transmission is done at very high voltage?
(c) *Why power factor of electricity during transmission of ac should be kept very high.
(d) *Does it violate conservation of energy
Q27. Definition and value of average value and rms value of ac in full and half cycle of ac.
⁠*Q28A. Prove that for pure inductive circuit, voltage leads current by 900. Also draw wave
form and phasor diagram. Hence define inductive reactance. Draw graph showing
variation of inductive reactance with frequency of ac.
*Q28B. Prove that for pure capacitive circuit, current leads voltage by 900. Also draw wave
form and phasor diagram. Hence define capacitive reactance. Draw graph showing
variation of capacitive reactance with frequency of ac.
Q29. Derive expression for final voltage; phase angle and impedance in
(a) Series RL circuit
(b) Series RC circuit
(c) Series LC circuit
(d) Series LRC circuit
*Concept of resonance and Q-factor in LCR and LC circuit
Q30. Derive expression for average power consumed in
(a) Pure inductive circuit.

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 (b) Pure capacitive circuit.
(c) Pure Resistive circuit
(d) General ac circuit
*Hence define power factor.
Q31. For Ray optics
(a) Ray diagrams and mirror formula
(b) Ray diagrams and lens formula
(c) Relation between critical angle and refractive index
(d) *Optical fibre and its principle
(e) *Spherical refractive surface formula (all six cases)
(f) ⁠*Lens makers formula
(g) Thin lens formula
(h) Combination of thin lenses when in touch
(i) *Prism formula
(j) *Simple microscope + derivation of magnifying power
(k) *Compound microscope + derivation of magnifying power
(l) *Refracting Astronomical telescope with final image at D & at infinity + derivation of
magnifying power
*Q32. Reflecting telescope along with advantages of reflecting type telescope over
refracting type.
*Q33. Huygens Principle and proof of
(a) Law of Reflection
(b) Law of refraction for rarer to denser
(c) Law of refraction for denser to rarer
*Q34. ⁠Difference between Interference and diffraction.
*Q35. Variation of intensity with distance in Interference and diffraction pattern.
Q36. In Dual Nature
(a) *Graph between stopping potential with frequency of incident light. Also derive slope
and intercept of the graph.
(b) *Graph between v2max with frequency of incident light. Also derive slope and
intercept of the graph.
(c) *Graph between maximum kinetic energy with frequency of incident light. Also
derive slope and intercept of the graph.
(d) *All graphs of Photo electric effect.
(e) *Why photoelectric effect cannot be proved using wave nature.
(f) Comparison of Total energy of photon and electron for same de-Broglie wavelength
(g) Comparison of kinetic energy of photon and electron for same de-Broglie wavelength
Q37. For Rutherford experiment
(a) *Give the set up of Geiger-Marsden experiment. What was important observations
and conclusion from this experiment?
(b) *Define closest distance of approach. Give its formula as well. How it led to the
estimation of size of nucleus?
(c) *What is meant by impact parameter? How does it influence the shape of the
trajectory of an a - particle in its scattering from a heavy nucleus? What is the value
of impact parameter for a head-on collision?
(d) Write two important inferences drawn from Rutherford’s a - scattering experiment.
(e) Give two limitations of Rutherford’s model.
(f) Derive expression for T.E. of electron in its orbit.

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Q38. For Bohr’s atomic model:
(a) *Derive expression for radius of nth orbit.
(b) *Derive expression for speed of electron of nth orbit.
(c) Derive expression for T.E. of electron in nth orbit.
(d) *How to calculate de-Broglie wavelength of electron.
(e) Explanation of Hydrogen spectrum
(f) Bohr’s model and its limitations.
(g) Ionization energy and ionization potential
(h) Excitation energy and excitation potential
Q39. Chapter Nuclei
(a) Numericals on E = mc2.
(b) Mass defect,
(c) *Binding energy per nucleon vs A curve
(d) *Numerical on B.E.
(e) *Calculation of energy released during nuclear reaction using B.E. concept
(f) *Calculation of energy released during nuclear reaction using mass lost concept
(g) *Nuclear P.E. curve and saturation property of nuclear forces.
(h) *Binding energy per nucleon vs A curve and saturation property of nuclear forces.
(i) *Properties of Nuclear forces.
(j) Nuclear Fission vs Nuclear Fusion.
Q40. Semiconductor physics
(a) Difference between insulator, conductor and semi-conductor using energy band
diagram.
(b) *Difference between n-type semiconductor and p-type semiconductor
(c) *Why n-type semiconductor is electrically neutral.
(d) *Why p-type semiconductor is electrically neutral.
(e) Discuss formation of unbiased PN-junction.
(f) Discuss forward biased biased PN-junction
(g) Discuss reverse biased biased PN-junction
(h) *Discuss forward biased biased PN-junction diode + VI characterstics.
(i) *Discuss reverse biased biased PN-junction diode + VI characterstics.
*Q41. Effect on forward biased and reverse biased current of
(a) Increasing temperature.
(b) Increasing applied potential.
*Q42. State the principle of working of p-n diode as a rectifier. Explain with the help of a
circuit diagram, the use of p-n diode as a full wave rectifier. Draw a sketch of the input
and output waveforms.
*Q43. State the principle of working of p-n diode as a rectifier. Explain with the help of a
circuit diagram, the use of p-n diode as a half wave rectifier. Draw a sketch of the input
and output waveforms.
*Q44. Self inductance and mutual inductance of solenoids.
*Q45. Mutual inductance of two
(a) Co-axial circular wires.
(b) Coplanar and concentric circular wires.