BENGALURU NORTH UNIVERSITY

Curriculum for 3rd & 4th Semester B.Sc. Basic/ Honours

(Electronics)
(According to NEP-2020 Regulations)

SUBJECT: ELECTRONICS

Bengaluru North University

Bengaluru - 563103

September 2022
 Contents

Sl. No. Description Page No.

1 Proceedings of meeting 3
2 Resolutions of BoS committee meeting 4
3 Appendix-1: Course pattern and scheme of examination 5
4 Appendix – 2 Syllabus for Core subjects 6
5 ELE-CT 3: Programming in C and Digital design using Verilog 6
6 ELE-CP 3: Programming in C and Digital design using Verilog Lab 8
7 ELE-OE 3.1: Renewable Energy and Energy Harvesting 9
8 ELE-OE 3.2: Fundamentals of Electronics 10
9 ELE-OE 3.3: Application of Electronics-I 12
10 ELE-OE 3.4: Basics of Power Electronics, and e-Vehicles 13
11 ELE-OE 3.5: Microprocessors 14
12 ELE-OE 3.6: Robotics 15
13 ELE-OE 3.7: Medical Electronics 16
14 ELE-CT 4: Electronic Communication - I 18
15 ELE-CP 4: Electronic Communication - I Lab 20
16 ELE-OE 4.1: Application of Electronics-2 21
17 ELE-OE 4.2: Electronics For Everyone 22
18 ELE-OE 4.3: PCB DESIGN AND FABRICATION 23
19 ELE-OE 4.4: Mobile Communication 24
20 ELE-OE 4.5: Augumented and Virtual Reality 25
21 ELE-OE 4.6: Microcontrollers 26
22 ELE-OE 4.7: IOT and Applications 27

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 1

APPENDIX-1: COURSE PATTERN AND SCHEME OF EXAMINATION for B.Sc. (Basic) / B.Sc. (Hons.)
as per NEP (2021-22 and onwards)
SUBJECT: ELECTRONICS
Duration of

Teaching Hours
Hours Examination Pattern Max. &

Total Marks /
Exam Credits
/ week Min. Marks /Paper
Semester

(hours)

paper
Sl. Title of the
Theory Practical

Practical

Practical

Practical
No. Paper

Theory

Theory

Theory
Max.

Max.
Min.

Min.
IA

IA
ELE-CT3: Programming in C and Digital
III design using Verilog 60 4 4 70 25 30 35 12 15 3 4 150 4 2
1
ELE-OE 3.1 / 3.2 / 3.3/ 3.4/ 3.5/ 3.6 45 3 - 70 25 30 - - - 3 - 100 3 -
IV ELE-CT4: Electronic Communication - I 60 4 4 70 25 30 35 12 15 3 4 150 4 2
2
ELE-OE 4.1 / 4.2 / 4.3 / 4.4/4.5/4.6 45 3 - 70 25 30 - - - 3 - 100 3 -

Scheme of Internal Assessment Marks: Theory

Sl. No. Particulars IA Marks
1 Attendance 10
2 Internal Tests (Minimum of Two) 20
Assignments /Seminar / Case Study / Project work / Reports on - visits to industries/exhibitions/science centres /
3 10
active participation in Electronics competitions, etc.
TOTAL Theory IA Marks 40
Practicals:
Sl. No. Particulars IA Marks
1 Practical Test 05
2 Report on datasheet of electronic devices / Seminar on electronics experiments, etc. 10
3 Active participation in practical classes 10
TOTAL Practical IA Marks 25
 APPENDIX- 2: Syllabus
Semester- III

ELE-CT3: PROGRAMMING IN C AND DIGITAL DESIGN USING VERILOG

(Credits: Theory – 04, Practical – 02) Total Teaching: 56 hours

Course Objectives: After the successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
➢ Gain the knowledge of programming the system using C programming language.
➢ The ability to code and simulate any digital function in Verilog HDL.
➢ Know the difference between synthesizable and non-synthesizable code.
➢ Understand library modeling, behavioural code and the differences between simulator algorithms and
logic verification using Verilog simulation.
➢ Learn good coding techniques required for current industrial practices.

Course Outcomes (COs): After the successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1. Write and execute and debug C codes for solving problems.
CO2. Apply the acquired knowledge of digital circuits in different levels of modeling using Verilog HDL.
CO3. Apply the acquired knowledge of digital circuits in different levels of modeling using Verilog HDL.
CO4. Design and verify the functionality of digital circuit/system using test benches.
CO5. Develop the programs more effectively using directives, Verilog tasks and constructs.
CO6. Design and analyse algorithms for solving simple problems.

UNIT 1 14 hours
Introduction to C Programming
C Programming: Introduction, Importance of C, Character set, Tokens, keywords, identifier, constants, basic
data types, variables: declaration & assigning values. Structure of C program
Arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators, assignment operators, increment and decrement
operators, conditional operators, bitwise operators, expressions and evaluation of expressions, type cast operator,
implicit conversions, precedence of operators.
Input output statement – sprintf(), scanf() and getch(), and math library functions.
Decision making, branching, and looping: if, if-else, else-if, switch statement, break, for loop, while loopand
do loop. string related library functions.

UNIT 2 14 hours
Arrays: Basics of arrays, declaration, accessing elements, storing elements, two-dimensional and multi-
dimensional arrays.
Functions: Defining functions, function arguments and passing, returning values from functions, example
programs.
Pointers: Pointer declaration, assigning values to pointers, pointer arithmetic, array names used as pointers,
pointers used as arrays, pointers and text strings, pointers as function parameters.

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 6

Structures: Structure type declarations, structure declarations, referencing structure members, referencing
whole structures, initialization of structures, structure bit fields

Unit 3 16 hours
Introduction to Verilog
A Brief History of HDL, Structure of HDL Module, Comparison of VHDL and Verilog Introduction to
Simulation and Synthesis Tools, Test Benches.
Language Elements- Keywords, Identifiers, Comments, format, Integers, reals and strings. Logic Values, Data
Types-net types, undeclared nets, scalars and vector nets, Register type, Parameters.
Verilog: Module, Delays, brief description - data flow style, behavioral style, structural style, mixed design
style, simulating design.
Expressions: Operands, Operators, types of Expressions
Gate level modeling - Introduction, built in Primitive Gates, multiple input gates, Tri-state gates, pull gates,
MOS switches, bidirectional switches, gate delay, array instances, implicit nets, Illustrative Examples (both
combinational and sequential logic circuits).

Unit 4 12 hours
Data flow Modeling and Behavioral Modeling
Data flow Modeling: Continuous assignment, net declaration assignments, delays, net delays and examples.
Behavioral Modeling: Procedural constructs, timing controls, block statement, procedural assignments,
conditional statement, loop statement, procedural continuous assignment, Illustrative Examples

Suggested Learning Resources

TEXT BOOKS:
1) E. Balaguru swamy, “Computing fundamentals and C programming”, 4th,Edition, TMH,2008.
2) E. Balaguru swamy, “Programming in ANSI C”, 2nd Edition.TMH, 2010.
3) Samir Palnitkar, “Verilog HDL: A guide to digital design and synthesis”, Pearson, 2nd edition,2006.
4) J Bhasker, “A Verilog HDL Primer”, 3rd Edition, BS Publications,2008.
5) Nazesh M Botros, “HDL programming VHDL and Verilog”. Dream tech press, 2009 reprint.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1) Yashavant Kanetkar, “Let us C”, 18th edition, BPB Publications, 2021.
2) T Jayapoovan, “A first course in Programming with C” Vikas Publishing Pvt Ltd,2004
3) Michael D Ciletti, “Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL”, person , 2nd edition.
4) Padmanabhan, Tripura Sundari, “Design through Verilog HDL.” Wieley, 2016.
5) Cyril P.R., “Fundamentals of HDL”, Pearson/sanguine 2010.
6) Donald E. Thomas, Philip R. Moor by, “The Verilog Hardware description language”, Springer
Science, 5th edition.

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 7

 Semester - III
ELE DSC-P3: PROGRAMMING IN C & DIGITAL DESIGN USING VERILOG - LAB

Section – A: C – Programming: (Minimum “FIVE” programs to be executed)

1) Programme to generate Fibonacci series upto n elements.
3) Programme to read three numbers and find the biggest (using nested-if).
4) Programme to calculate factorial of a given number.
5) Programme to read percentage of marks and to display appropriate message.
6) Programme to arrange the numbers in ascending order.
7) Programme to generate n-prime numbers.
8) Programme to find roots of quadratic equation (Demonstration of switch case statement).
9) Programme to find the sum & difference of two matrices of order MxN and PxQ.
10) Programme to find the product of two matrices of order MxN and PxQ.
11) Programme to find the sum of principle and secondary diagonal elements of the given MxN
12) Programme to find the transpose of given MxN matrix.

Section B: Digital Design Using Verilog with FPGA kit (Minimum Five programmes is to be written
and executed)
1) Realisation of gates using Verilog code.
2) Realize Adder/Subtractor (Full/Half) circuits using Verilog data flow description.
3) Realize the following code converters using Verilog behavioral description.
a) Gray to Binary and Vice – Versa.
b) Binary to excess 3 and vice-versa.
4) To realize 4-bit ALU using Verilog programme.
5) To realize using Verilog behavioral description : 8:1 multiplexer, 8:3 encoder.
6) To realize using Verilog behavioral description: 1:8 Demultiplexer, 3:8 decoder.
7) To realize using Verilog behavioral description flip flops:
(a) D-type (b) JK - type (c) T-type.
8) To realize counters: Up/down (BCD & Binary) using Verilog behavioral description.

Note: It is suggested to carry out One mini project for awarding practical IA marks

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 8

 ELE-OE 3.1: Renewable Energy and Energy Harvesting
Credits: 03 Total Teaching: 45 hours

Unit-1 25 Hours
Fossil fuels and Alternate Sources of energy: Fossil fuels and nuclear energy, their limitation, need of
renewable energy, non-conventional energy sources. An overview of developments in Offshore Wind Energy,
Tidal Energy, Wave energy systems, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, solar energy, biomass, biochemical
conversion, biogas generation, geothermal energy tidal energy, Hydroelectricity.
Solar energy: Solar energy, its importance, storage of solar energy, solar pond, non-convective solar pond,
applications of solar pond and solar energy, solar water heater, flat plate collector, solar distillation, solar
cooker, solar green houses, solar cell, absorption air conditioning. Need and characteristics of photovoltaic
(PV) systems, PV models, equivalent circuits, and sun tracking systems.
Wind Energy harvesting: Fundamentals of Wind energy, Wind Turbines and different electrical machines in
wind turbines, Power electronic interfaces, and grid interconnection topologies.
Demonstration Experiments: 1. Demonstration of training modules on solar energy, wind energy etc.

Unit – 2 20 Hours
Ocean Energy: Ocean Energy Potential against Wind and Solar, Wave Characteristics, and Statistics, Wave
Energy Devices. Tide characteristics and Statistics, Tide Energy Technologies, Ocean Thermal Energy,
Osmotic Power, Ocean Bio-mass.
Geothermal Energy: Geothermal Resources, Geothermal Technologies.
Hydro Energy: Hydropower resources, hydropower technologies, environmental impact of hydro power
sources. Piezoelectric Energy harvesting: Introduction, Physics and characteristics of piezoelectric effect,
materials and mathematical description of piezoelectricity, Piezoelectric parameters and modeling
piezoelectric generators, Piezoelectric energy harvesting applications, Human power. Electromagnetic Energy
Harvesting: Linear generators, physics mathematical models, recent applications,; Carbon captured
technologies, cell, batteries, power consumption, Environmental issues and Renewable sources of energy,
sustainability.
Demonstration Experiments: 1. Conversion of vibration to voltage using piezoelectric voltages. 2.
Conversion of thermal energy into voltage using thermoelectric module.

Reference Books:
1. Non-conventional energy sources, B.H. Khan, McGraw Hill.
2. Solar energy, Suhas P Sukhative, Tata McGraw - Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
3. Renewable Energy, Power for a sustainable future, Godfrey Boyle, Oxford University Press.
4. Renewable Energy Sources and Emerging Technologies, Kothari et.al., PHI Learning.
5. Solar Energy: Resource Assessment Handbook, P Jayakumar.
6. J.Balfour, M.Shaw and S. Jarosek, Photovoltaics, Lawrence J Goodrich (USA).
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 9

 ELE OE 3.2: Fundamentals of Electronics.
Credits: 03 Total Teaching: 45 hours

Unit–1: 15 Hrs
Passive Components: Overview of passive components-Fabrication, Types, colour coding, and
applications.
Transformer: Principle, construction and working, turn ratio, Types of transformers (Step up and
Step down).
Semiconductors: Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
Diodes: P-N Junction theory, V-I Characteristics, Rectifiers, Clippers, and Clampers (Qualitative
analysis only).
Special diodes: Zener diode, LED and LDR; Construction, working and applications.

Unit -2: 15 Hrs

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): Physical structures, modes of operations, characteristics.
Transistor as an amplifier, RC- Coupled amplifier, Darlington pairs, Transistor as a switch.
Field Effect Transistor (FET): Physical structures and modes of operations, Characteristics.
Electronic Instruments: Ammeter, Voltmeter- design and construction, analog millimeter, Digital
millimeter, function generator (Qualitative analysis only). Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), Cathode
Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)- Block diagram.
Digital fundamentals: Binary numbers, signed binary numbers, binary to decimal and Decimal to
Binary conversion, Binary additions, and Subtractions,
Logic gates: AND, OR and NOT gates.

Unit -3: 15 Hrs

Component and Device Applications: To design and Construct at least Ten of the following
circuits.
1. V –I characteristics of semiconductor diode.
2. V –I characteristics of Zener diode. Determination of breakdown voltage.
3. V –I characteristics of LED. Determination of Cut-in voltage.
4. Characteristics of LDR.
5. Half wave rectifier; with and without filter. Determination of ripple factor.
6. Full wave rectifier (Centre tap/ Bridge); With and without filter, determination of ripple
factor.
7. Zener diode voltage regulator; determination of line and load regulation.
8. Clipping circuits; Positive clipper, Negative Clipper, Biased positive and negative clippers.
Trace the input and output waveforms.
9. Clamper circuits: Positive clamper, Negative Clamper. Trace the input and output
waveforms.
10. Input and output characteristics of a transistor in Common Emitter configuration, determine
of current gain β.
11. Input and output characteristics of a transistor in common base configuration, determine the
current gain α.
12. Transistor as a switch.
13. Construct RC coupled amplifier. Plot the frequency response curve and determine the
bandwidth.

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 10

 14. V-I Characteristics of Common Source (CS) configuration of FET. Determine the current
gain.
15. Construct an ammeter to read (0-1ma) of current.
16. Construct a voltmeter to read (0-1volt).
17. Measure Vp, Vpp and Time period of Sine and Square waves using CRO.
18. Construct OR, AND and NOT gates using diodes and transistors. Verify the truth tables.
19. Verify the truth tables OR, AND and NOT gates using Integrated Chips (ICs).
20. Construct four-bit binary adder.

References
1 “A Textbook of Electronics” R. S. Sedha; S Chand and Co, 3rd edition.
2 “Principles of Electronics”, V K Mehta and Rohit Mehta, S Chand and Co
3 “Basic Electronics”, B L Theraja, S Chand and Co, 3rd edition 2012
4 “Electronic Devices”, Devid Bell, Reston Publishing Company.
5 “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Pearson edition.
6 “Digital Principles and Applications”, Malvino and Leach
7 “Electronics text lab manual”, Paul B Zabar

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 11

 ELE OE 3.3: Application of Electronics-1
Credits: 03 Total Teaching : 45 hours

Unit–1: Basic Electronics 12 Hrs

Introduction to circuit components- Resistors, capacitors, inductor, transformer, diode and transistor.
Symbols, pimples.
LED and LCD display, relay, fuse, switches, wires. AC and DC applications.

Unit -2: Applied Electronics 13 Hrs

Electronic instruments: DMM, CRO, Biomedical instruments-ECG, EEG, EMG, pH meter, X-ray,
sphygmomanometer, Glucometer, Digital thermometer. Sensor-OMR, MICR, Scanner, Barcode reader.

Unit -3: Power Supplies 10 Hrs

Dc power supply, Rectifiers-principle, Types
Inverter and UPS. Adopter and SMPS. Inverter and UPS. Mobile chargers.

Unit -4: Electronic calculators 10 Hrs

Types, Functions of Basic calculators-block diagram, Keypad using, use of calculator.

References
1 Basic Electronics-Solid State – B L Theraja - S Chand And Company Ltd
2 Electronic Devices And Circuit Theory – Robert L Boylestad And Louis Nashelsky ( PHI)

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 12

 ELE-OE 3.4: Basics of Power Electronics, and e-Vehicles
Credits: 03 Total Teaching: 45 hours

Unit-1 25 Hours
Generation of and distribution of electricity: Mention of hydro electric generator, diesel generator, thermal
generator, wind power, solar, ocean waves. Generation of DC power – Mention of batteries. Single phase,
Two phase and Three phase. Transformers. Power transmission and distribution. Domestic electrical wiring –
connection from AC line to the meter, sockets, mention of phase neutral and the need of earthing. Mention of
electric shock and safety. Mention of power type (ac or dc) and current ratings for home appliances. Mention
of tester. Electric motor working principle. Inverter, Uninterrupted Power supply (UPS) – online and off line
UPS, SMPS.
Demonstration Experiments: 1. Un boxing and assembling of desktop computers. 2. Types of motors and
transformers used in household appliances. 3. Understanding voltage, current, frequency etc. of ac mains. 4.
Up gradation of RAM, hard disk and SSD. 5. SMPS: Block diagram and working Inverter

Unit – 2 20 Hours
Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Configuration of Electric Vehicles, Performance of Electric Energy
storage for EV and HEV Energy storage requirements, Battery parameters, Types of Batteries, Modelling of
Battery, Fuel Cell basic principle and operation, Types of Fuel Cells, Super Capacitors. Power Electronic
Converter for Battery Charging, Charging methods for battery, Termination methods, charging from grid.
Demonstration Experiments: Demonstration Experiments: 1. Types of motors and transformers used in
household appliances. 2. SMPS: Block diagram and working Inverter. 3.Simulation and analysis of electrical
systems using matlab.

Reference books:
1. Electrical Circuits, K.A. Smith and R.E. Alley, Cambridge University Press.
2. A text book in Electrical Technology - B L Theraja - S Chand & Co.
3. A text book of Electrical Technology - A K Theraja.
4. Performance and design of AC machines - M G Say ELBSEdtion.
5. Basic electrical engineering - V K Mehta and Rohit Mehta, S Chand and Company.
6. M. Ehsani, Y. Gao, S. Gay and Ali Emadi, Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles:
Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, CRC Press, 2005
7. Iqbal Husain, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design Fundamentals, CRC Press, 2003
8. Sheldon S. Williamson, Energy Management Strategies for Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric
Vehicles, Springer, 2013.
9. C.C. Chan and K.T. Chau, Modern Electric Vehicle Technology, OXFORD University Press, 2001
10. Chris Mi, M. Abul Masrur, David Wenzhong Gao, Hybrid Electric Vehicles Principles And
Applications With Practical Perspectives, Wiley Publication, 2011.

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 13

 ELE OE 3.5: Microprocessors
Credits: 03 Total Teaching : 45 hours

UNIT 1 15 hrs
Introduction to Microprocessor
Introduction, applications, basic block diagram, speed, word size, memory capacity, classification of
microprocessors (mention different microprocessors being used)
Microprocessor 8085: Features, architecture -block diagram, internal registers, register pairs, flags, stack
pointer, program counter, types of buses. Multiplexed address and data bus, generation of control signals, pin
description of microprocessor 8085.
8085 Instructions-Operation code, Operand & Mnemonics.
Instruction set of 8085, instruction classification, addressing modes, instruction format.
Data transfer instructions, arithmetic instructions, increment & decrement instructions, logical instructions,
branch instructions and machine control instructions.

UNIT 2 15 hrs
Stack operations and Microprocessor Programming
Stack operations, subroutine calls and return operations. Delay loops, use of counters, timing diagrams-
instruction cycle, machine cycle, T- states, time delay-numerical examples.
Programs for data transfer and memory operations (direct & indirect addressing), addition and subtraction of
two 8-bit & 16- bit numbers, multiplication, display of smallest / largest number in a given array of numbers,
sorting of numbers in descending / ascending order. Number of 1’s and 0’s in a given byte, testing for zero
condition. 1’s and 2’s complements. Verification of truth tables of logic gates, program to add two N byte
numbers, program to generate Fibonacci series up to the limit, program to find the factorial of a number,
program to find the GCD of two integer numbers.

UNIT 3 15 hrs
I/O instructions and Interfacing
I/O instructions and, interrupts in 8085. Basic interfacing concepts, compatible ICs of P 8085, data transfer,
synchronous I/O data transfer using interrupts.
Memory interfacing – address decoding, interfacing RAM and ROM.
Interfacings I/O devices– input port, output port, IN & OUT instructions, interfacing input
devices (interfacing matrix key board-block diagram), interfacing output devices (LED display
interfacing-block diagram).
PPI IC 8255– features, pin diagram, functional block diagram, ports & their modes.

Text Books
1. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with 8085
Ramesh S.Gaonkar - Wiley Eastern Limited- IV Edition.
2. Fundamentals of Microprocessor & Microcomputer: B. Ram—Danpat Rai Publications.

Reference Books
1. Microprocessor and Interfacing- Programming & Hardware, Douglas hall, 2e TMH, 1991
2. Modern Digital Electronics, R.P. Jain–Tata Mc- GRAW hill–2nd Edition.
3. Microprocessor and its Applications- R.Theagarajan, S. Dhanasekaran and S. Dhanapal-New
Age International Publishers.
4. Microprocessors and Microcontrollers-B.P singh, Galgotia publications.
5. The intel Microprocessors 8086/8088,80186,386,486, architecture, Programming and interfacing –
Barry. B. Bray, PHI, New Delhi.

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 14

 6. Microprocessor Lab Manual- G.T Swamy- Lakshmi Publications 2006.

ELE OE 3.6: Robotics.

Credits: 03 Total Teaching : 45 hours

Unit–1: 15 Hrs
Definitions of Robots, Robotics, Motivation, A Brief History of Robotics, A Robot System,
Interdisciplinary Areas in Robots, Classification of Robots, Introduction to embedded system,
Understanding Embedded System, Overview of basic electronics and digital electronics. Microcontroller vs.
Microprocessor, Common features of Microcontroller. Comparison between the two Different types of
microcontrollers. Sensors, Classification of sensors (contact & non-contact), characteristics of sensors,
Touch sensor, Position sensor, optical sensor, IR, PIR, Ultrasonic, temperature, displacement sensor.

Unit -2: 15 Hrs

Getting Started with Programming platform of Robots: Installation of IDE, Pin configuration and
architecture of Microcontroller (Atmel series/arduino), Device and platform features. Concept of digital and
analog ports. Familiarizing with Interfacing Board, Introduction to Embedded C platform, Review of Basic
Concepts, Arduino data types, Variables and constants, Operators, Control Statements, Arrays Functions,
I/o Functions, Pins Configured as INPUT, Pins Configured as OUTPUT, Incorporating time delay()
function, delay Microseconds() function ,millis() function , micros() function

Unit -3: 15 Hrs

Programming different types of Robots:
1. Temperature & Humidity controlled Robot (Fan Regulation, thermostat)
2. Infra-Red signal Controlled Robot (Measuring the speed of the vehicle)
3. Ultra-sonic signal operated Robot (automatic Tap system/Hand Drier/Floor drier)
4. Obstacle Follower & avoider Robot

References
1 Fundamentals of Robotics by D K Pratihar
2 Robotics Simplified: An Illustrative Guide to Learn Fundamentals of Robotics,by Dr. Jisu Elsa Jacob ,
Manjunath N
3 Introduction to Robotics | Fourth Edition by John Craig
4 Arduino Robotics by John-David Warren (Author), Josh Adamsduino
5 Programming in 24 Hours by Richard Blum
6 Getting Started with Arduino: The Open Source Electronics Prototyping Platform Book by Massimo
Banzi and Michael Shiloh

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 15

 ELE OE 3.7: Medical Electronics.
Credits: 03 Total Teaching : 45 hours

Unit–1: 10Hrs
Fundamental Electronics: Amplifiers, Frequency response, signal generation. Different
types of transducers & their selection for biomedical applications. Electrode theory,
selection criteria of electrodes & different types of electrodes Bio electric amplifiers

Unit -2: 12 Hrs

Introduction to Bio-medical instruments: Origin of bio-electric signals, active & passive
transducer for medical application –Electrocardiography-waveform-standard lead systems,
typical ECG amplifier, EEG electrode, recording systems, EMG basic principle-block
diagram of a recorder.

Unit -3: 10 Hrs

Medical Imaging: Nature and production od X-rays, Improving X-ray images,
Computerised axial tomography, Using ultrasound in medicine, Ultrasound scanning,
Magnetic resonance imaging PET and SPECT Imaging

Unit -4: 13Hrs

Biomedical Signal Processing: Fundamentals of signal processing, digital image,
transforming image, image enhancement, image Segmentation, image compression, image
restoration and reconstruction of medical images.
Demonstration using MATLAB

References
1 L Cromwell, F J Weibell, Eapfeiffer, Biomedical Instrumentation and measurements, PHI
Publications.

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 16

 Fourth Semester Syllabus

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 17

 4th Semester BSc Electronics
ELE CT 4: Electronic Communication-I

Credits : Theory - 04 Practicals – 02 Total Teaching : 56 hours

Course Objectives:
➢ To understand the communication system, Principle and working communication
system, means andmedium of communication.
➢ To understand the Principle and working of different modulation techniques.
➢ Will be able to differentiate between analog and digital communication.
➢ To understand the Principle and working of Satellite and optical fiber communication.

Course Outcomes (COs): After the successful completion of the course, the student
will be able to:
CO1. Know the basic concept of Analog Communication, means and medium of
communication.
CO2. Understand the principle of Analog and digital modulation.CO3. Familiar with
“AM” and “FM “techniques.
CO4. Understand the basic concept of Pulse Modulation, Carrier Modulation for digital
transmission andable to construct simple pulse modulation.
CO5. Understand the basic concept of Satellite Communication
CO6. Understand the basic concept of Optical Fibre Communication

UNIT 1 14 hours
Noise, T-lines and Antennas
Noise-Introduction, internal and external noises, signal to noise ratio and noise figure, numerical examples.
Transmission lines - types and equivalent circuit of T-lines, primary and secondary constants. reflection co-
efficient, VSWR and CSWR-numerical examples, losses and distortions in T-lines. Wave propagation -ground
wave, sky-wave and space wave propagations, ionosphere and its effects.
Antennas: Radiation mechanism, wire radiators in space-resonant antennas-radiation pattern and current
distribution for different lengths, non - resonant antenna. Antenna parameters-gain, directive gain, power gain,
bandwidth, beam width, polarisation, efficiency, radiation resistance, total effective resistance, Expression for
the power radiated by antenna and radiation resistance. Ungrounded and grounded antenna. Qualitative study
of –folded dipole, micro strip, dish, helical, horn, and loop antennas, numerical examples wherever applicable.

UNIT 2 16 hours
Block diagram of electronic communication system. Modulation, need and types of modulation (AM, FM &
PM).
Amplitude modulation – representation, modulation index, Derivation for instantaneous voltage, frequency
spectrum, power relations. Limitations of AM.

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 18

Frequency Modulation- definition, modulation index, frequency spectrum, bandwidth requirements, frequency
deviation and carrier swing. Block diagram of AM and FM transmitter. Comparison of AM and FM, numerical
examples wherever applicable.
Introduction to pulse communication: types- PAM, PWM, PPM, PCM – quantization, advantages and
applications.
Satellite Communication - Introduction, need, geosynchronous satellite orbits, geostationary satellite advantages
of geostationary satellites. Satellite visibility, transponders (C - Band), path loss, ground station, simplified block
diagram of earth station. Uplink and downlink.

UNIT 3 12 hours
Radar communication systems
Introduction to Microwaves, frequency bands and applications.
RADAR Systems: RADAR– principles, maximum unambiguous range, detailed block diagram of pulsed
RADAR system, RADAR range equation-derivation, factors influencing maximum range, Doppler effect, MTI
RADAR-block diagram, CW RADAR-block diagram, advantages, applications and limitations, FM CW
RADAR-block diagram, numerical examples wherever applicable.

UNIT 4 14 hours
Optical Fiber Communication
Introduction – need for OFC. Block diagram of OFC system. Fiber optic cables, light propagation through fiber
– step index fiber, graded index fiber, Snell’s law, numerical aperture (derivation). Types of optical fiber cables,
light sources – requirements, LEDs and semiconductor laser diodes. Photo detectors – PN, PIN and avalanche
photodiodes. Losses in optical fibers – Rayleigh scattering, absorption, leaky modes, bending, joint junction
losses. Advantages and disadvantages of OFC over metallic cables, numerical examples wherever applicable.

Text Books:
1. Electronic Communication, George Kennedy, 3rd edition, TMH.
2. Electronic Communication, Roddy and Coolen, 4th edition, PHI.
3. Electronic Communication systems, Kennedy & Davis, IVth edition-TATA McGraw Hill.
4. Introduction to RADAR systems – Skolnik- McGraw Hill.
5. Advanced Electronic Communication systems, Wayne Tomasi- 6th edition, Low priced edition-
Pearson education

References
1. Electronic Communications, D. Roddy and J. Coolen, Pearson Education India.
2. Advanced Electronics Communication Systems- Tomasi, 6th edition, Prentice Hall.
3. Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, B.P. Lathi, 4th Edition, 2011, Oxford
University Press.
4. K.D Prasad, “Antenna and Wave Propagation”, Satyaprakashan, New Delhi.
5. Sanjeev Gupta, “Electronic Communication Systems”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
6. Electronic Communication systems, G. Kennedy, 3rd Edn., 1999, Tata McGraw Hill.
7. Principles of Electronic communication systems – Frenzel, 3rd edition, McGraw Hill
8. Communication Systems, S. Haykin, 2006, Wiley India Electronic Communication system, Blake,
Cengage, 5th edition.
3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 19
 9. Wireless communications, Andrea Goldsmith, 2015, Cambridge University Press
10. Gerd Keiser, “Optical Fibre Communication “, McGraw Hill, 3rd Edn.

Semester IV - Practical IV

ELE-DSC4P: Electronic Communication-I Lab

1. Amplitude modulator and Demodulator

2. FM modulator using IC8038
3. Pre –emphasis and De- emphasis
4. Three way Audio cross over network.
5. IF amplifier
6. Automatic Gain Control
7. Frequency mixer
8. Frequency Multiplier
9. PWM and PPM
10. PAM modulator
11. Band Elimination Filter
12. Characteristics of OFC
13. VCO using IC 566
14. Time Division Multiplexing and de multiplexing
15. Study of Sensitivity, Selectivity and Fidelity of an AM radio receiver

Note:
1. Minimum of 7 experiments to be performed. Simulation is to be carriedout for any two
experiments.
2. One mini project is to be carried out for awarding practical IA marks

ELE OE 4.1: Application of Electronics-2

Credits : 03 Total Teaching : 45 hours

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 20

 Unit–1: Introduction to Advanced Communication 12 Hrs
Radio, TV- principles, block diagram & applications OFC applications and advantages,
Embedded system – Smart card, SIM card, Mobiles- Bock diagram &applications

Unit -2: Advance Electronics 12 Hrs

CCTV camera, ATM- principles, block diagram & applications
Electronic voting Machine (EVM)- CU,BU,VVPAT.,

Unit -3: Application of Satellite 11 Hrs

Types, EDUSAT, TV & Internet-modem, Wi-Fi.

Unit -4: E-waste management 10 Hrs

E-waste management-identification, segregation, disposal
‘

References
1 Basic Electronics-Solid State – B L Theraja - S Chand And Company Ltd

ELE-OE 4.2: Electronics For Everyone

Credits: 03 Total Teaching: 45 hours

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 21

Unit-1 25 Hours
Functional block diagram of 555 timer, Monostable operation and its Application, Astable operation and its
Applications.
Inverting and non-inverting amplifier, Op-amp parameters, Summing Amplifier, Difference Amplifier,
Integrator, Differentiator, Instrumentation Amplifier, Audio Amplifier(LM386), Voltage to current converter,
Current to Voltage converter, Sample and Hold circuits. First order active filters (Circuit diagram and formula
only): low pass, high pass, band pass, band reject and all pass filters. Phase-shift and Wein bridge oscillator
using op-amp.

Unit-2 20 Hours
Demonstration of 555 timer and op-Amp by performing any seven of the following experiments either using
simulation or circuit realisation
1. Study of basic monostable multivibrator
2. Study of basic Astable multivibrator
3. Light detection using 555 timer
4. Rain alarm using 555 timer
5. Motor control by PWM using 555 timer
6. LED flasher circuit using 555 timer
7. Analog light wave Transmitter/Receiver using 555 timer
8. Study of basic inverting and non-inverting amplifier
9. Study of basic integrator circuit
10. Study of basic differentiator circuit
11. Design of first order LPF
12. Study of first order HPF
13. Designing of fiber optic based Transmitter /Receiver using LM386
14. Temperature to voltage converter using 741.
15. Shadow sensing using 741
16. Light based PWM using 741 and V-F converter

Suggested Books:
1. B. C. Sarkar and S. Sarkar, Analog Electronics: Devices and Circuits (Revised edition), Damodar
Group (Publishers), Burdwan, ISBN: 978-93-85775-15-4 (2019)
2. Measurement Systems, 4/e, Doeblin McGraw Hill, New York, 1992.
3. Electrical Measurements & Electronic Measurements by A.K. Sawhney
4. Instrumentation- Devices and Systems ByRangan, Sarma, and Mani, Tata-McGrawHill
5. Electronic Instrumentation by H.S Kalsi, McGraw Hill
6. Instrumentation measurements and analysis by Nakra&Choudhary
7. Measurement & Instrumentation- DVS Murthy
8. R. A. Gayakwad, Op-Amps and Linear IC’s, Pearson Education (2003)
9. Electronic Sensor Circuits and Projects, III Volume, Forrest M Mims, Master Publishing Inc.
10. Timer, Op Amp, and Optoelectronic Circuits & Projects, Forrest M Mims, Master Publishing Inc.

ELE-OE 4.3: PCB DESIGN AND FABRICATION

Total Credits: 3 Total teaching: 45 hours

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 22

Unit I: 10 Hours
Introduction to Printed circuit board: Fundamental of electronic components, basic electronic circuits,
Basics of printed circuit board designing: Layout planning, general rules and parameters, ground conductor
considerations, thermal issues, check and inspection of artwork.
Design rules for PCB: Design rules for Digital circuit PCBs, Analog circuit PCBs, high frequency and fast
pulse applications, Power electronic applications, Microwave applications.

Unit II: 15 Hours

Introduction to Electronic design automation(EDA) tools for PCB designing: Brief Introduction of various
simulators, SPICE and PSPICE Environment, Selecting the Components Footprints as per design, Making
New Footprints, Assigning Footprint to components, Net listing, PCB Layout Designing, Auto routing and
manual routing. Assigning specific text (silkscreen) to design, Creating report of design, creating
manufacturing data (GERBER) for design.

Unit III: 20 Hours

Introduction printed circuit board production techniques: Photo printing, film- master production,
reprographic camera, basic process for double sided PCBs photo resists, Screen printing process, plating,
relative performance and quality control, Etching machines, Solders alloys, fluxes, soldering techniques,
Mechanical operations. Demonstration PCB design for EMI/EMC: Subsystem/PCB Placement in an
enclosure, Filtering circuit placement, decoupling and bypassing, Electronic discharge protection, Electronic
waste; Printed circuit boards Recycling techniques, Introduction to Integrated Circuit Packaging and
footprints, NEMA and IPC standards.
PCB Technology Trends: Multilayer PCBs. Multi wire PCB, Flexible PCBs, Surface mount PCBs, Reflow
soldering, Introduction to High-Density Interconnection (HDI) Technology.

Text Books:
1. Printed circuit board design ,fabrication assembly and testing By R. S. Khandpur, Tata McGraw Hill
2006
Reference Books:
1. Printed circuit Board Design and technology, Walter C. Bosshart
2. Printed Circuits Handbook, Sixth Edition,by Clyde F. Coombs, Jr, Happy T. Holden, Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education Year: 2016
3. Complete PCB Design Using OrCAD Capture and PCB Editor, Kraig Mitzner Bob Doe Alexander
Akulin Anton Suponin Dirk Müller, 2nd Edition 2009.
4. Introduction to System-on-Package, Rao R Tummala & Madhavan Swaminathan, McGraw Hill, 2008.
5. EMC and Printed circuit board ,Design theory and layout, Mark I Montrose IEEE compatibility society.
6. Flexible Printed circuit board Design and manufacturing ,By Robert torzwell
7. Web-based Current literature.

ELE-OE 4.4: Mobile Communication

Credits: 03 Total Teaching: 45 hours

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 23

Unit 1 09 Hours
Evolution of mobile radio communication-Examples of wireless communication system: paging systems,
cordless telephone system, cellular telephone system- Trends in cellular radio and personal communication
systems

Unit 2 09 Hours
Frequencies for radio transmission- Basics of multiplexing and multiple access techniques-CDMA-Cellular
system concepts- Frequency reuse- Channel assignment and handoff strategies- Improving capacity in cellular
system: cell splitting, sectoring, repeaters for range extension, a microcell zone concept.

Unit 3 09 Hours
Introduction to telecommunicating system- GSM: mobile services (Bearer services, tele-services,
supplementary services), system architecture (radio subsystem, network and switching subsystem, operation
sub system)

Unit 4 09 Hours
Satellite system: history, application, basics, routing, localization and handover- Broadcast system: digital
audio broadcasting, digital video broadcasting (basic concepts).

Unit 5 09 Hours
Wireless LAN-Infrared vs radio transmission- Bluetooth: user scenarios and architecture- LTE-3G, 4G, 5G-
Wi-Fi - basic concepts.

Text Books
1. Rapapport T. S, ’Wireless Communication Principles and Practices’, Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi,
3rd Ed.2003.
2. JochenSchiller,’Mobile communication ‘Pearson Education,Asia.

Reference Book
1. Vijay K Garg, Joseph E Wilkes,’ Principles and Applications of GSM’, Pearson Edu.

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 24

 ELE OE 4.5: Augmented and Virtual Reality
Credits :03 Total Teaching : 45 hours

Unit–1: Introduction to Virtual Reality 10Hrs

Defining Virtual Reality, History of VR, Human Physiology and Perception, Key Elements of Virtual
Reality Experience, Virtual Reality System, Interface to the Virtual World-Input & output- Visual,
Aural & Haptic Displays, Applications of Virtual Reality.

Unit -2: Augmented Reality 10 Hrs

AR: Taxonomy, technology and features of augmented reality, difference between AR and VR,
Challenges with AR, AR systems and functionality, Augmented reality methods, visualization
techniques for augmented reality.

Unit -3: The Geometry of Virtual Worlds &The Physiology of Human Vision 12 Hrs
Geometric Models, Changing Position and Orientation, Axis-Angle Representations of Rotation,
Viewing Transformations, Chaining the Transformations, Human Eye, eye movements & implications
for VR. #Exemplar/ Case Studies Sweeping coverage of eye movements

Unit -4: Visual Perception & Rendering and Motion & Tracking 13 Hrs
Visual Perception - Perception of Depth, Perception of Motion, Perception of Color, Combining
Sources of Information Visual Rendering -Ray Tracing and Shading Models, Rasterization, Correcting
Optical Distortions, Improving Latency and Frame Rates #Exemplar/ Case Studies Automatic
stitching of panoramas in Virtual Reality. Motion in Real and Virtual Worlds- Velocities and
Accelerations, The Vestibular System, Physics in the Virtual World, Mismatched Motion and Vection
Tracking- Tracking 2D & 3D Orientation, Tracking Position and Orientation, Tracking Attached
Bodies.

References
1 E. Balagurusamy, - Computing Fundamentals and C Programming‖, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.
2 Anand R., “Augmented and Virtual Reality”, Khanna Publishing House, Delhi.
3 R.G.Dromey, How to Solve by Computer, Pearson Education, Inc, Reprint 2009.
4 Yashavant P. Kanetkar, ―Let Us C, Fifth Edition, Sridhara Publication, India, 2008.

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 25

 ELE OE 4.6: Microcontrollers

Credits: 03 Total Teaching : 45 hours

UNIT 1 10 hrs
Introduction to Microcontrollers
Basic block diagram, comparison of microcontroller with microprocessors, comparison of 8
bit, 16 bit and 32 bit microcontrollers. Overview of 8051 series–comparison of 8051, 8052,
8031.
Microcontroller 8051- architecture -internal block diagram, key features of 8051, pin diagram,
memory organization, Internal RAM memory, Internal ROM. General purpose data memory,
special purpose/function registers, external memory.
Counters and timers – 8051 oscillator and clock, program counter, TCON, TMOD, timer
counter interrupts, timer modes of operation. Input / output ports and circuits/ configurations,
serial data input / output – SCON, PCON, serial data transmission modes.

UNIT 2 20hrs
8051- Interrupts, Addressing modes and Instruction set
Interrupts – IE, IP, time flag interrupts, serial port interrupt, external interrupts, reset, interrupt
control, interrupt priority, interrupt destinations & software generated interrupts.
Addressing modes–immediate addressing, register addressing, direct and indirect addressing,
Data transfer instructions – internal data move, external data move, code memory read-only
data move, Push and Pop and data exchange instructions.
Logical Instructions – byte level logical operations, bit level logical operations, rotate and swap
operations.
Arithmetic Instructions – flags, incrementing and decrementing, addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division, decimal arithmetic, simple programs in assembly language.
Jump and call instructions – jump and call program range, jumps, calls and subroutines,
interrupts and returns, simple example programs in assembly language.

UNIT 3 15 hrs
Interfacing with 8051 and programming in C
Basic interfacing concepts and interrupts, Programming−8051 interrupts, programming Timer
interrupts, programming the external hardware interrupts.
Schematic diagrams and basic concepts of Interfacing of 8051 to keyboard, seven segment
display, stepper motor, DAC, ADC and traffic light controller circuits.
8051 programming using C– Data types and time delays in 8051C, I/O programming, logic
operations, data conversion programs, accessing code ROM space and data serialization.
Timer / Counter Programming in 8051–Programming 8051 timers, counter, programming
timers 0 and 1 in 8051 C, Example programs.

Books:
1. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C,
Second Edition, Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D.
McKinlay, Pearson edition.
2. The 8051 Microcontroller, Fourt Edition, Kenneth Ayala, Thomson publication.
3. 8051 Microcontroller, Architecture, Application and Programming, Mahalakshmi,
ABE edition.
4. 8051 Microcontroller, Pearson edition, Subrotha Ghoshal.

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 26

 5. 8051 Microcontroller based and Embedded Systems, Mc Graw Hill, Manish K
Patil.

ELE OE 4.7: IOT and Applications

Credits: 03 Total Teaching : 45 hours

Unit–1: 12 Hrs
Fundamentals of IoT: Introduction, History of IoT, Definitions & Characteristics of IoT, IoT
Architectures, Physical & Logical Design of IoT, Enabling Technologies in IoT, Components of an IoT
Solution, IoT frameworks, IoT and M2M, Open Source and Commercial Examples, Competing
Standards for IoT

Unit -2: 12 Hrs

Sensors Networks: Definition, Traditional Data Storage, Analog and Digital I/O Basics, Types of
Sensors, Types of Actuators, Examples and Working, IoT Development Boards: Arduino IDE and
Board Types, RaspberriPi Development Kit, RFID Principles and components, Wireless Sensor
Networks: History and Context, The node, Connecting nodes, Networking Nodes, WSN and IoT.

Unit -3: 11 Hrs

Wireless Technologies for IoT: WPAN Technologies for IoT: IEEE 802.15.4, Zigbee, HART, NFC, Z-
Wave, BLE, Bacnet, Modbus. IP Based Protocols for IoT IPv6, 6LowPAN, RPL, REST, AMPQ,
CoAP, MQTT. Edge connectivity and protocols

Unit -4: 10 Hrs

Data Handling& Analytics: Introduction, Bigdata, Types of data, Characteristics of Big data, Data
handling Technologies, Flow of data, Data acquisition, Data Storage Applications of IoT: Home
Automation

References
1 Internet of Things, Vasudevan, Nagrajanand and Sundaram, Wiley India.
2 Srinivasa K G “Internet of Things”, Cengage Learning, India 2017.
3 David Hanes, Gonzalo Salgueiro, Patrick Grosstete, Robert Barton, Jerome Henry, IoT
fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols and uses cases for the Internet of things, 1st
Edition, Pearson Education.
4 Iot Fundamentals, David Hence et al, Cisco press.

3rd & 4th Semester BNU Electronics NEP syllabus Page 27