RM PHYSI

CSTUTORI
ALS

Cl
assXI
I

Topi
c:Suggest
ionsofATOM NUCLEI&X-
RAY

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LONGQUESTI
ONS

1.Descri
bei
ndetai
lsaboutt
heGei
ger
-Mar
sdenexper
iment/Rut
her
for
dexper
imentofα-
part
icl
escat
ter
ing.

2.De-
Brogl
i
eexpl
anat
ionofBohr
'ssecondpost
ulat
eofquant
izat
ionandst
andi
ngwav
edi
agr
am.

3.Fi
ndoutt
heexpressi
onsofradi
us(r)
,vel
ocit
y(v),
frequency( )
,pot
ent
ial
ener
gy(
PE),ki
net
ic
ener
gy(KE)
,tot
alener
gy(TE)
,ioni
sat
ionenergy(I
E)ofelectr
oni
nBohr'
sst
ati
onar
yor
bit
.

4.α-
rayv
sβ-
rayv
sγ-
ray

5.Wri
tethel
awsofr
adioacti
vedi
sint
egrat
ion.Def
inedisi
ntegrat
ionconst
ant(
λ),
halfl
if
e(t 2)
1/

andaver
ageormeanli
fe(τ)andt
hef or
mulas.Deri
vethevariousfor
mulasofr
adioact
ivedecay
wit
hgraph.

SHORTQUESTI
ONS

1.Def
inei
mpactpar
amet
er.Wr
it
eit
sfor
mul
a.

2.Def
inedi
stanceofcl
osestappr
oach.Wr
it
eit
sfor
mul
a.

3.Rut
her
for
dat
omi
cmodel
andi
tsl
i
mit
ati
ons.

4.Bohr
'spost
ulat
e(3post
ulat
es)andi
tsl
i
mit
ati
ons.

5.Hy
drogenspect
rum i
ndet
ail
s.

6.Whati
samu?Pr
ove1amu≡931MeV.

7.Whati
snucl
earf
orce,
massdefect
,packi
ngf
ract
ionandnucl
earbi
ndi
ngener
gy?Der
ivet
he
expr
essi
onf
ornucl
earbi
ndi
ngenergy.

8.Wr
it
etheexpr
essi
onofr
adi
usoft
henucl R=R0A1/3)andnucl
eus( eardensi
ty( 4πR03)
ρ=3m/

9.Def
inet
hef
oll
owi
ngwi
thexampl
es:
Isot
ope,
Isobar
,Isot
one,
mir
rornucl
ei.

10.Whatar
et hefact
orswhichdet
ermi
nethest
abil
i
tyofnucl
eus?[Bi
ndi
ngener
gypernucl
eon,
neut
ron-
to-
protonrat
io,
evenoroddnumberofpr
otonsandneutr
ons(magi
cnumber)
]

11.Di
ff
erentuni
tsofr
adi
oact
ivi
ty(
Becquer
el-SIuni
t,Rut
her
for
d,Cur
ie)
12.Nucl
earf
issi
onv
snucl
earf
usi
onwi
thexampl
es.

13.Whatar
et hef
unct
ionsofmoderat
or,
cont
rol
rods,
cool
ant
,shi
eldi
ngandnucl
earf
uel
ina
nucl
earr
eactorwi
thpr
operexamples?

14.Whati
snucl
earhol
ocaust
?

15.Whati
srepr
oduct
ionf
act
ori
nanucl
earchai
nreact
ionandi
tssi
gni
fi
cance?

16.Howar
eβ-
ray
semi
tt
edf
rom anucl
euswheni
tdoesnotcont
ainel
ect
rons?

17.Gi
ver
easonsf
or

(
a)Li
ght
erel
ement
sar
ebet
termoder
ator
sforanucl
earr
eact
ort
hanheav
ierel
ement
s.

(
b)I
nanat
ural
urani
um r
eact
or,
heav
ywat
eri
sapr
efer
redmoder
atort
oor
dinar
ywat
er.

(
c)Cadmi
um r
odsar
epr
ovi
dedi
nar
eact
or.

(
d)Veryhi
ght emperat
uresast
hoseobt
ainedi
nthei
nter
ioroft
hesunar
erequi
redf
orf
usi
on
r
eact
iontotakeplace.

18.Expl
aint
hesi
gni
fi
canceofnegat
iveener
gyofanel
ect
roni
nanor
bit
.

19.Writ
eMosel
ey'
slaw,
andi
tsgr
aph(
Zvs√ )
.Howt
hei
ntensi
tyandt
hef
requencycanbe
i
ncreasedi
nX-r
ay?

20.Wr
it
eashor
tnot
eoncont
rol
l
edt
her
monucl
earf
usi
onandQ-
val
ueofanucl
earpr
ocess.

21.Whati
smeantbypai
rpr
oduct
ion?

22.Equat
ionofX-
raypr
oduct
ion:
λmean=hc/
eV

23.Sof
tX-
rayv
sHar
dX-
ray
,cont
inuousandchar
act
eri
sti
cspect
rum ofX-
ray
.

24.Pr
oper
ti
esandusesofX-
ray
.

25.Br
agg'
slawofX-
raydi
ff
ract
ion.

GRAPHS

1.Scat
ter
ingangl
evsno.ofscat
ter
edα-
par
ti
cle

2.Massno.(
A)v
sbi
ndi
ngener
gypernucl
eon

3.Pot
ent
ial
ener
gyv
ssepar
ati
onbet
weennucl
eonsorgr
aphf
ornucl
earf
orce

4.Radi
oact
ivedecay(
no.ofnucl
eiv
sti
me)

5.β-
par
ti
cledecay
6.Di
sint
egr
ati
onv
sti
mei
nradi
oact
ivi
ty

7.X-
ray
:cont
inuousspect
rum andchar
act
eri
sti
cspect
rum (
KαandKβ)

8.Mosel
ey'
slaw

NUMERI
CALS

1.Theradiusoft
hei
nner
mostel
ectr
onorbi
tofahy
drogenat
om i 3x10-11m.Whatar
s5. ethe
radi
iofthen=2andn=3orbit
s?(NCERT)

2.A12.5eVelectronbeam i
susedtobombar
dgaseoushy
drogenatr
oom t
emper
atur
e.What
ser
iesofwavelengthswil
lbeemit
ted?(
NCERT)
56
3.Obtai
nthebindi
ngenergyoft
henuclei 26Feand20983Bi
inuni
tsofMeVf
rom t
hef
oll
owi
ng
56 209
data:
m ( 26Fe)=55.
934939u,m ( 83Bi
)=208. 980388u( NCERT)

4.Thef i
ssi
onpropert
iesof23994Puar
ever
ysi
mil
art
othoseof23592U.Theaverageener
gy
rel
easedperfi
ssionis180MeV.Howmuchener gy,i
nMeV,isreleasedifal
ltheatomsin1kgof
239
pure 94Puunder gofi
ssi
on?( NCERT)

5.Apart
icul
arhydr
ogen-l
ikei
onemi
tsr
adiat
ionoff r 467×1015Hzwheni
equency2. tmakes
tr
ansi
ti
onf r
om n=2ton=1.Whatwi
l
lbethefrequencyofther
adiat
ionemit
tedi
natr
ansi
ti
on
fr
om n=3ton=1?(HCVERMA)
++
6.(a)Fi
ndthewavel
engt
hoft
her
adi
ati
onr
equi
redt
oexci
tet
heel
ect
roni
nLi fr
om t
hef
ir
stt
o
thethi
rdBohror
bit
.

(b)Howmanyspect
ral
li
nesar
eobser
vedi
ntheemi
ssi
onspect
rum oft
heabov
eexci
ted
syst
em?(HCVERMA)

7.Abeam oful t
ravi
oletradiat
ionhavi
ngwavelengthbetween100nm and200nm i sincidenton
asampl eofatomichy drogengas.Assumi
ngt hattheatomsar eingroundstat
e,which
wav el
engthswil
lhavel owintensi
tyi
nthetr
ansmi t
tedbeam?I ftheenergyofaphotoni sequal
tothediff
erencebetweent heenergi
esofanexcitedstateandthegroundstate,i
thaslar ge
probabil
i
tyofbeingabsor bedbyanatom i
nt hegroundstate.(
HCVERMA)

8.Aradi
oacti
vesampl
ehas6.0×1018acti
venucl
eiatacert
aini
nst
ant
.Howmanyoft
hesenucl
ei
wil
lst
il
lbeinthesameact
ivest
ateaftert
wohalf-
li
ves?(HCVERMA)

9.Theacti
vi
tyofar
adi
oact
ivesampl
efal
l
sfom 600s-1t
r o500s-1i
n40mi
nut
es.Cal
cul
atei
ts
hal
f-l
i
fe.(
HCVERMA)

10.AnX-
rayt
ubeoperat
esat20kV.Apart
icul
arelectronl
oses5%ofi t
skinet
icener
gytoemi
t
anX-r
ayphot
onatthefi
rstcol
l
isi
on.Fi
ndt
hewav elengthcor
respondi
ngtothi
sphoton.(
HC
VERMA)
11.Cal
culat
ethei
mpactparamet
erofa5MeVα-
par
ti
clescat
ter
edby10°wheni
tappr
oachesa
gol
dnucleus(Z=79f
orgold).

12.Cal
cul
atet
hel
ongestandshor
testwav
elengt
hofBal
merser
iesofHy
drogenat
om.

13.Thehal
f-
li
feofRadoni
s3.
8day
s.Cal
cul
atehowmuchof15mgofRadonwi
l
lremai
naf
ter
38days.

14.Hal f
-l
ieof23892Uagai
f nstα-
decayi 5×109y
s4. ear
.Whati
stheact
ivi
tyof1gr
am sampl
eof
238
92U?
238 234
15.Wear egivent
hefoll
owi
ngatomicmasses: 92U=238.
05079u, 90Th=234.
04363u,
237 1 4
91Pa=237.
05121u,1H=1.00783u,2He=4.00260u.

(
a)Cal
cul
atet
heener
gyr
eleaseddur
i decayof23892U
ngα-

(
b)Cal
cul
atet
heki
net
icener
gyofemi
tt
edα-
par
ti
cles,

( hat23892Ucannotspont
c)Showt aneousl
yemi
tapr
oton.

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act
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