Scribd
Upload
8 views4 pages

Human Resource Summary - 2024-25

Human resources are crucial for a nation's development, as they transform natural resources into usable assets. Population distribution is uneven globally, influenced by geographical, social, cultural, and economic factors, with densely populated areas often found in fertile plains and industrial regions. Population change is driven by birth and death rates, migration, and advancements in healthcare and technology, leading to significant growth trends, as illustrated by population pyramids that depict age and dependency structures.

Uploaded by

amrita.majumder
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views4 pages

Human Resource Summary - 2024-25

Human resources are crucial for a nation's development, as they transform natural resources into usable assets. Population distribution is uneven globally, influenced by geographical, social, cultural, and economic factors, with densely populated areas often found in fertile plains and industrial regions. Population change is driven by birth and death rates, migration, and advancements in healthcare and technology, leading to significant growth trends, as illustrated by population pyramids that depict age and dependency structures.

Uploaded by

amrita.majumder
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Class - VIII

Human Resources
Human Resource- A Vital Resource
● People are a nation’s greatest resource. Nature’s bounty
becomes significant only when people find it useful. It is people
with their demands and abilities that turn them into
‘resources’. Hence, human resource is the ultimate resource.
● Healthy, educated and motivated people develop resources as
per their requirements. Human resources like other resources
are not equally distributed over the world. They differ in their
educational levels, age and sex.
Distribution of Population
● The way in which people are spread across the earth's surface
is known as the pattern of population distribution.
● More than 90 per cent of the world’s population lives in about
30 percent of the land surface. The distribution of population
in the world is extremely uneven.
● Some areas are very crowded and some are sparsely
populated. The crowded areas are south and southeast Asia,
Europe and north eastern North America.
● Very few people live in high latitude areas, tropical deserts,
high mountains and areas of equatorial forests.
Density of Population
● Population density is the number of people living in a unit area
of the earth’s surface. It is normally expressed as per square
km. The average density of population in the whole world is 51
persons per square km.

Factors Affecting Distribution of Population


1.Geographical Factors
Topography: People always prefer to live on plains rather than
mountains and plateaus because these areas are suitable for
farming, manufacturing and service activities.
Climate: People usually avoid extreme climates that are very hot or
very cold like the Sahara Desert, polar regions of Russia, Canada
and Antarctica.
Soil: Fertile soils provide suitable land for agriculture. Fertile plains
such as Ganga and Brahmaputra in India, Hwang-He, Chang Jiang in
China and the Nile in Egypt are densely populated.
Water: People prefer to live in the areas where freshwater is easily
available. The river valleys of the world are densely populated while
deserts have sparse populations.
Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits are more populated.
Diamond mines of South Africa and discovery of oil in the Middle
east lead to settling of people in these areas.
2.Social, Cultural and Economic Factors
Social: Areas of better housing, education and health facilities are
more densely populated e.g., Pune.
Cultural: Places with religion or cultural significance attract people.
Varanasi, Jerusalem and Vatican City are some examples.
Economic: Industrial areas provide employment opportunities.
Large number of people are attracted to these areas. Osaka in Japan
and Mumbai in India are two densely populated areas.
Population Change- The population change refers to change in the
number of people during a specific time.
Population explosion-In 1804, the world’s population reached one
billion. A hundred and fifty five years later, in 1959, the world’s
population reached 3 billion. This is often called population
explosion.
The reasons for rapid growth of world population- The world
population has not been stable and has increased multifold due to
advancements in science and technology. This has led to the
increase in the food production and development in healthcare
facilities thereby reduction in death rate.
Main factors influencing the population change- The factors
are birth rate, death rate and the migration. Births and deaths are
the natural causes of population change. The difference between the
birth rate and the death rate of a country is called the natural
growth rate.
Birth rate i.e. the number of live births per 1,000 people. Deaths
are usually measured using the Death rate i.e. the number of
deaths per 1,000 people.
Migrations is the movement of people in and out of an area.

Patterns of Population Change


● Population composition refers to the structure of the
population.
● It is the description of the characteristics of a group of people
in terms of factors such as their age, sex, education,
occupation, literacy levels.
Population Pyramid- An interesting way of studying the
population composition of a country is by looking at the population
pyramid, also called an age-sex pyramid.

A population pyramid shows


● The total population, divided into various age groups.

● The population pyramid also tells us how many dependents


there are in a country. There are two groups of dependents —
young dependents (aged below 15 years) and elderly
dependents (aged over 65 years). Those of the working age
are economically active.
Population Pyramid of Kenya-
● The population pyramid of a country in which birth and death
rates both are high is broad at the base and rapidly narrows
towards the top.
● This is because although many children are born, a large
percentage of them die in their infancy, relatively few become
adults and there are very few old people.
Population pyramid of India-
● In countries where death rates (especially amongst the very
young) are decreasing, the pyramid is broad in the younger
age groups, because more infants survive to adulthood.
● This can be seen in the pyramid for India. Such populations
contain a relatively large number of young people and which
means a strong and expanding labour force.
Population Pyramid of Japan
● In countries like Japan, low birth rates make the pyramid
narrow at the base.
● Decreased death rates allow numbers of people to reach old
age.

Skilled, spirited and hopeful young people endowed with a


positive outlook are the future of any nation. We need to ensure
that our young population is educated and provided with skills
and opportunities to become able and productive.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy