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Module+6+ +Soil+Compaction

This document covers soil compaction, defining key terms and concepts such as maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content, and discusses the importance of proper compaction for soil strength and stability. It includes methods for testing soil compaction, such as Proctor tests, and highlights the potential consequences of improper compaction. Additionally, sample problems are provided to illustrate the application of these concepts in determining soil properties.

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Gel Ann
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18 views15 pages

Module+6+ +Soil+Compaction

This document covers soil compaction, defining key terms and concepts such as maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content, and discusses the importance of proper compaction for soil strength and stability. It includes methods for testing soil compaction, such as Proctor tests, and highlights the potential consequences of improper compaction. Additionally, sample problems are provided to illustrate the application of these concepts in determining soil properties.

Uploaded by

Gel Ann
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geotechnical

Engineering 1
MODULE 6: SOIL COMPACTION
_______________________________________________________________________
Engr. Rizalyn O. Sayan
TOPICS
❑ Definition of Terms, Pertinent Concepts
❑ Pertinent Equations
Key Points
Soil compaction
Soil compaction is essentially the densification of soil through the expulsion of air
and rearrangement of particles through the addition of water and introduction of
compaction efforts. Basic tests to determine the maximum dry unit weight a soil
can attain include proctor tests.

Soil Compaction Advantages


Increased soil strength, increased load bearing capacity, lower compressibility,
reduction of seepage, reduction of swelling and contraction, increased soil stability.
Improper compaction may lead to soil erosion, differing settlements through the
soil profile, potential structural damages to buried structures etc.
Definition of Terms, Pertinent
Concepts
1. Soil Compaction
The densification of soil through the expulsion of air. Achieved by adding water into
the soil to facilitate easy re-arrangement of soil particles into a denser state during the
introduction of compacting forces. Usually done in the field by mechanical compactors,
rollers and rammers.
Definition of Terms, Pertinent
Concepts
2. Maximum Dry Unit Weight (γd(max) )
- The maximum dry unit weight a soil can attain given a compaction procedure.

3. Optimum Water Content (wopt)


- The water content required for soil to attain its maximum dry unit weight given a
compaction procedure.

4. Field Density Tests


- Tests that can be done in the field to determine/investigate the field/in-situ density of
soils. Basic procedure include sand cone test (ASTM D-1556) and the rubber balloon
method (ASTM D-2167).
Definition of Terms, Pertinent
Concepts
4. Proctor/Modified Proctor Test
- Laboratory procedures to determine the maximum dry unit weight of soil. Standard
procedures are respectively represented by ASTM D 1140 and ASTM D 1557.

The standard and modified proctor test may be summarized as


follows. Dry soil is mixed with water and placed into the cylindrical
mold. This soil is then compacted by the repeatedly raising (25
blows) the ram (2.5 kg, 4.54 kg) to a specified height (305 mm, 457
mm) and allowing the ram to fall freely. This is done repeatedly for
each layer (3, 5) and repeatedly for each sample. The water content
is then plotted as abscissa against the dry unit weight as the
ordinate to obtain the compaction curve. Interpolation is then
applied to determine the optimum water content and maximum dry
unit weight.
Definition of Terms, Pertinent
Concepts
6. Compaction Tools/Equipment
Pertinent Equations

***Above equations are usually used to aid the analysis


of test results. Compaction problems usually come in
the form of test results analysis as will be shown in the
next part of the handout.
Sample Problems
The data from a standard proctor test are tabulated and follows. From said data, determine the
maximum dry unit weight and the optimum water content and determine the degree of saturation at
the maximum dry unit weight. Following also are data pertinent towards satisfying the above
requirements.
Diameter of mold 101.4 mm
Height of mold 116.7 mm
Mass of mold 4196.59 grams
Specific gravity 2.69 for soil solids

***mass are given in terms of grams, weight in terms of kN and volumes in terms of cubic meter
Sample Problems
Mass of Mass of Mass of Mass of Mass of Water Mass of Mass of Weight Moist Dry
can can can wet dry soil conten wet wet of wet unit unit
and and soil t soil soil soil weight weight
wet dry soil and
soil mold
108.12 105.1 42.1 5906

98.57 94.9 40.9 6013

121.9 114.7 42.7 6135

118.39 110.5 42.5 6156

138.02 126.8 41.8 6103


Sample Problems
The data from a standard proctor test are tabulated and follows. From said data, determine the
maximum dry unit weight and the optimum water content and determine the degree of saturation at
the maximum dry unit weight. Following also are data pertinent towards satisfying the above
requirements.
Diameter of mold 101.4 mm
Height of mold 116.7 mm
Mass of mold 4196.59 grams
Specific gravity 2.69 for soil solids

***mass are given in terms of grams, weight in terms of kN and volumes in terms of cubic meter
Sample Problems
The data from a standard proctor test are tabulated and follows. From said data, determine the
maximum dry unit weight and the optimum water content and determine the degree of saturation at
the maximum dry unit weight. Following also are data pertinent towards satisfying the above
requirements.
Diameter of mold 101.4 mm
Height of mold 116.7 mm
Mass of mold 4196.59 grams
Specific gravity 2.69 for soil solids
Sample Problems

It can be observed from the graph that the


97% of dry unit weight and the compaction
curve has two points of intersection, P6
and P7. The water content between this
two points, 7.5% to 12.5% are within the
possibilities of water content to attain the
required 97% of maximum dry unit weight.

* It must be noted that for coarse grained soils, it would be optimal to use water content on the left
side of the optimum water content or call the dry of optimum. For fine grained soils, it would be
optimal to use the right side of the optimum water content or called the wet optimum.
Sample Problems
End of Presentation

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