Inquiries, Name of Student: Result: Completed / Partial

Investigations,
and Immersion
Q2 Week 1-3 Section: Mrs. JOSEPHINE N. SIBAL

A. Introduction

In this learning session, you will describe adequately research design

NO. OF WEEKS LEARNER’S ACTIVITIES LEARNER’S OUTPUT
3 Describes adequately Chapter 3 - Methodology
research design (either
quantitative or
qualitative),data gathering
instrument, sample, data
collection and analysis
procedures, prepares data
gathering instrument

• Share your experiences in writing your Review or Related Literature briefly.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

B. Development

There are things that should be included in Chapter 3 – Methodology and these
are the research design, population, sampling method and data collection procedure.
Research design can be either qualitative or quantitative. It should discuss why the
researcher opt to utilize the a specific design and what makes a research study
qualitative or quantitative.

To review, there are different types of qualitative research and these are the
following:
1. Ethnography – a type of research which is interactive and requires relatively
extensive time in a site to systematically observe, interview and record processes
as they occur naturally at the selected location.
2. Narrative /historical -
3. Phenomenological – the essence of this study is the search for “the central
underlying meaning of the experience of the participants. One example is that
of comfort women during the world war II.
4. Grounded theory – the theory or general pattern of understanding will emerge
as it begins with initial codes, develops into broad themes or domains and
redounds into a grounded theory or road interpretation. Its purpose is to build a
theory which is faithful to the evidence.
5. Case study – studies a person, program or event in a defined time frame . Data
can be collected through direct or participant observation. A case being
investigated or studied may be that of an individual or a group of persons.
Examples are case studies of transgenders, drug-rehabilitated teenagers,
success stories, gay marriages.
6. Content and discourse analysis- calls for a systematic and detailed examination
of the contents of a particular body of materials for the purpose of identifying
patterns, themes or biases. It identifies specific characteristics of the content of
human communication.

Meanwhile, the different types of quantitative research are the following:

1. Experimental research design – a quantitative research design which bases its
research method on a scientific activity called experiment, in which a test or
examination of a thing under a manipulated or controlled environment is done to
determine the validity or truthfulness of such thing. It involves two groups of
subjects – the experimental group on which the condition, treatment, or
 intervention is applied and the control group which is not given any condition or
treatment.

2. Non-experimental research design

1.1. Descriptive – depicts an image or a picture of an individual or a group.
1.2. Comparative – states the differences or similarities between or among
people , objects, things, etc.
1.3. Correlative – shows extent and direction of variable relationships, that is
whether a negative or positive relationship exists between or among them.
1.4. Survey – describes attitudes, preferences, feelings, views and other
behavioral patterns of a big number of people for arriving at a certain conclusion
about societal concern and issues.
1.5. Ex-post factor – translates itself into these English words, “that which is done
afterwards” and has the purpose of deriving data from things which are by nature
taking place, so as to obtain explanations about past events.

After determining the research design , the next step is to know who your
participants or respondents will be. It is in this point that you will decide whether you will
have a population or sample for your research. What is the difference between
population and sample? Population refers to a much larger collection while a
representative sample is a small collection of units or cases from a population.

Example:

POPULATION - total number of Senior High School students in Dalig National

High School (900 students)

SAMPLE – Food Tech classes from the Senior High School department of
Dalig National High School (200 students)

In the above example, you can notice that population of the Senior High School
Department of Dalig National High School is 900. Out of 900, 200 students from Food Tech
classes will be used as samples for the research activity.

To determine how many samples will you use and how will you determine them,
let’s review the different sampling methods. There are two basic types of sampling
methods and these are the probability and non-probability sampling.

1. Probability sampling

1.1. Simple random sampling – Based on pure chance,

respondents/participants are chosen as samples.
1.2. Systematic sampling – samples are picked from the list every 5th or every 8th
member listed in the sampling frame until the desired total number of
respondents is complete.
1.3. Stratified sampling – Samples will be chosen then later on will be subdivided
into sub-group, strata or sub-samples during the stage of the data analysis.
1.4. Cluster sampling – respondents will be selected in clusters, rather than in
separate individuals such as selecting 5 classes of 50 students each from a
whole population of 5,000 students.

2. Non-probability sampling

2.1. Quota sampling – samples will be chosen and the said samples are chosen
because they have commonalities (one, two or more)
2.2. Voluntary sampling – these are samples who are selected because they
are much willing to participate as respondents in the research project.
2.3. Purposive sampling – respondents are chosen because you, as researcher
believes that these samples have a good background knowledge or with
great enthusiasm about the research.
2.4. Availability sampling – getting people who are not hard to find or locate
and have the willingness to establish contact with you.
 2.5. Snowball sampling - selecting samples from different alternative samples
like human traffickers, drug dependents, street children and other wayward
and homeless people whose dwelling places are not easily located.

After determine respondents or participants for your research, it’s time to collect
data both for quantitative and qualitative research. The following are the methods
which can be considered in collecting data:
1. Observation – It is preferred tool for collecting data where the use of
questionnaires and interviews are not possible especially when the participants
are disabled and very young. This method can be used for both quantitative
and qualitative researches.
2. Interview – It is a personal conversation between two or more people which
constitute the target population for the purpose of collecting data and
information . This can be in a form of structured, semi-structured or unstructured
interview. These can be done through one on one interview and focus group
discussion. This is good for both qualitative research and quantitative
research
3. Documents review – document analysis which lies in its role to supplement
other methods of collecting data in a qualitative research.
4. Survey – a data gathering technique that makes one obtain facts or
information about the object or subject of research through the data-
gathering instruments of questionnaire and interview.
5. Questionnaire – a paper containing series of questions formulated for
independent and individual answering by several respondents for obtaining
statistical information. Responses yielded by this instrument are given their
numerical forms (fractions, numbers, percentages ) and categories and are
subjected to statistical analysis.
6. Experiment – refers to scientific method of collecting data whereby you give
the subjects a sort of treatment or condition then evaluate the results to find
out the manner by which the treatment affected the subjects and to discover
the reasons behind the effects of such treatment on the subjects.
7. Content analysis – this can be used for quantitative research; this can make
you search through several written and oral forms of communication so as to
find answers to research questions.

ACTIVITY #1: Directions: Make a graphical representation of the different types or

research designs for qualitative and quantitative research.

ACTIVITY #2: Complete the table below with examples of population and samples.

TOPIC POPULATION SAMPLE

1. Tardiness of students Ex. Grade 12 students of Grade 12 students from

Antipolo city Libis National High School
2. Transgenders
3. Covid-19 Cases
4. Teleserye
5. Preferred learning
modalities
6. Bad effects of
cellphone to children
ACTIVITY #3: Directions: Prepare a Venn Diagram to present the different ways of
collecting data for qualitative and quantitative research.

C. Engagement

ACTIVITY #1: Together with your group mates, prepare a simple paragraph discussing
the research design you will use for your research topic, your respondents(samples) and
how will you select them and how will you collect your needed data or information for
your research. Use the format below :

TITLE OF RESEARCH:

Research design:

Population and Sample:

Sampling technique to be used:

Method/s of collecting your needed data

and information

ACTIVITY #2: Directions: Together with your group mates, prepare a draft of your
Chapter 3 – Methodology. Use the outline below in preparing the said chapter.

Chapter 3 – Methodology
• Research Design/Method of Research
• Population, Sample Size, and Sampling Technique
• Data Collection Procedure

ACTIVITY #3: With your groupmates, decide on how you will gather your data for your
research. Decide on how you will not be needing to go out to collect the needed
data. (Ex. Interview through phone call, sms or text). Use the following steps as your
guide:
1. Make a plan on how you will gather the data for your research.
 2. Decide on how you will gather the data.
3. Plan as a group on how you will do the method of collecting the data.
4. Collect data using your chosen method.
5. Retrieve the survey sheets (if you will be using survey)
6. Collate the results of your collection.
7. Summarize by themes or by category.
8. Make a report on the status of your activity after a week and submit to me via FB
messenger.

D. Assimilation

Directions: Answer the following questions:

1. How will the knowledge and skills in preparing your Chapter 2 help you as
you conduct your research study?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

E. Reflections:

I understand that _______________________________________________

I realize that ____________________________________________________

References:

• Baraceros, E. L. (2016). Practical Research 2. Rex Bookstore Publishing .

• Prieto, N. G., et.al (2017). Practical Research 1. LORIMAR Publishing, Inc.

Prepared by:

Josephine N. Sibal, DEM

MT1/Research Teacher