Review Innovations CE Review November 2024 – Analytic Geometry 2

CONIC SECTIONS Standard Equations

General Definition of Conic Sections (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = 4𝑎(𝑦 − 𝑘) → 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
-locus (or path) of a point that moves such that the ratio of its
distance from a fixed point (focus) and a fixed line (directrix) is (𝑥 − ℎ)2 = −4𝑎(𝑦 − 𝑘) → 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
constant. This constant ratio is called the eccentricity of the conic.
(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 4𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ) → 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = −4𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ) → 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡

Note: (ℎ, 𝑘) is the vertex of the parabola.

ELLIPSE
-locus of a point that moves such that the sum of its distances from
two fixed points called the foci is constant

Eccentricity of a conic Standard Equations

𝑓1 𝑓2 𝑓3 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
𝑒= = = + =1 → ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑑1 𝑑2 𝑑3 𝑎2 𝑏2
If 𝑒 = 0, it’s a circle.
If 𝑒 = 1, it’s a parabola. (𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
+ =1 → 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
If 𝑒 < 1, it’s an ellipse. 𝑏2 𝑎2
If 𝑒 > 1, it’s a hyperbola.
Note: (ℎ, 𝑘) is the center of the ellipse.

PARABOLA
Properties of Ellipse
-locus of a point that moves such that its distance from a fixed point a2 + b2
called the focus is always equal to its distance from a fixed line 1. a2 = b2 + c 2 5. Perimeter = 2π√
2
called the directrix
c a
2. e= <1 6. d =
a e

c 2b2
3. e′ = 7. LR =
b a

4. Area = πab

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
1. Given a parabola whose equation is 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 9 = 0, find
its vertex, focus, equation of directrix, length of latus rectum and
the equation of axis of symmetry.

2. A comet from deep space approaches the sun along a parabolic

orbit. When the comet is 100 million miles from the sun, the line
joining the sun and the comet makes an angle of 600 with the axis
of the parabola. How close to the sun will the comet get?

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 Review Innovations CE Review November 2024 – Analytic Geometry 2

3. Consider the parabolic footbridge cable, taking axes as shown in 4. Find the equation of the ellipse whose vertices are the points (4,
the figure. Find the length h of the support cable indicated. 6) and (4, -2) and whose eccentricity is 3/4.

5. A cross-section of a trough is a semi-ellipse with width at the top

18cm and depth 12cm. The trough is filled with water to a depth
of 8cm. Find the width at the surface of the water.

6. Locate the center and foci and determine the length of the latus
rectum of the ellipse whose equation is:
16x2 + 25y2 – 128x – 150y + 381 = 0

Situation 1:
A parabola has its axis parallel to the y-axis, one end of its latus
rectum is at (9, 6) and the vertex is at (5, 4). Determine the
following:
7. length of latus rectum
Situation 1. For problems 4-9, refer here. Given the equation of a 8. equation of the parabola
curve 9𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 + 54𝑥 − 100𝑦 − 44 = 0. Find: 9. equation of the directrix of the parabola.
4. its center
a. (-2,3) c. (2,-3) Situation 2:
b. (-3,2) d. (3,-2) A point moves so that its distance from the line
5. its vertices x – 16 = 0 is always twice its distance from the point (4, 0).
a. (-6,2) & (0,2) c. (-8,2) & (2,2) Determine the following:
b. (-3,7) & (-3,-3) d. (-3,5) & (-3,-1) 10. equation of the locus of the point (locus = set of all points)
6. its foci 11. distance between the vertices of the curve
a. (-6,2) & (0,2) c. (-8,2) & (2,2) 12. distance of the directrix from the center of the curve.
b. (-7,2) & (1,2) d. (-3,6) & (-3,-2)
7. the equation of the directrices 13. Find the standard equation of the ellipse that has its center at
25 13 37 13
a. 𝑥 = & 𝑥 = c. 𝑥 = − & 𝑥 = (1, 1), a vertex at (3, 1), and that passes through the origin.
4 4 4 4
37 25 37 13
b. 𝑥 = − & 𝑥 = − d. 𝑥 = &𝑥 =− 14. An earth satellite has an apogee of 2450 miles and a perigee of
4 4 4 4
8. its perimeter 410 miles. Assuming that the earth’s radius is 400 miles, what is
a. 25.9 units c. 26.4 units the value of the eccentricity of ellipse, which form with the center
b. 25.4 units d. 26.9 units of the earth at one focus and whose apogee ang perigee satisfy the
9. its area condition above.
a. 12π sq. units c. 18π sq. units
b. 15π sq. units d. 9π sq. units 15. The directrices of an ellipse are 33.33 units apart and its 2nd
eccentricity is 0.75. Find the length of its latus rectum.

10. An elliptical culvert is filled with water to a depth of 1.0 ft as

shown in the figure. Find the width w of the stream.

11. The distance (center to center) of the moon from the earth Answers:
varies from a minimum of 221,463 miles to a maximum of 252,710 1. V(-3, 2); F(-4, 2); Ends of Latus Rectum (-4, 4) & (-4, 0)
miles. Find the eccentricity of the moon’s orbit. 2. y2 = -16x
3. 2.68 m
(𝑥−4)2 (𝑦−2)2
4. + =1
7 16
Problem for Practice:
5. 12√2 𝑐𝑚
1. Locate the vertex, focus and the coordinates of the length of the
6. C(4, 3); LR = 3.2 units; F1(2.5, 3); F2(5.5, 3)
latus rectum of the parabola: 7. 8 units
y2 + 4x - 4y + 16 = 0 8. x2 – 10x - 8y + 57 = 0
9. y – 2 = 0
2. Find the equation of the parabola whose vertex is the origin and 10. 3x2 + 4y2 – 192 = 0
whose directrix is the line x = 4. 11. 16 units
12. 16 units
3. An arch in the shape of an arc of a parabola measures 6m across (𝑥−1)2 3(𝑦−1)2
13. + =1
the base and its vertex is 2.50m above the base. Find the length of 4 4
the beam parallel to the base and 2m above it. 14. 0.557
15. 12.80 units

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reproduction, use, or dissemination is strictly prohibited and shall be prosecuted to the full extent of the law.