Class conducted by: Sumona Binte Reza

Lecturer, English Department

 Graphs for Test Exam

• 1. Number of mobile phone and internet users

• 2. Literacy rate of Bangladesh
• 3. Number of people living below the poverty line
• 4. Sources of air pollution in a city (pie chart)
• 5. Distribution of percentages of a family income into different
categories (pie chart)
• 6. Time allocation of students' daily activities (pie chart)
What is a chart?

A chart is a diagram that makes information easier to

understand by showing how two or more sets of data
are related. There are two common types of chart, a pie
chart and a bar chart.

1. A pie chart is a circle divided into segments . It is

usually used to show percentages.
2. A Bar chart is a diagram that makes information
easier to understand by showing how two or more sets
of data are related. A bar chart is divided into columns.
Pie charts
Bar chart
Parts of describing a graph/chart:

1. You can draw the chart or leave it.

2. Introductory sentence: The bar/pie chart
shows/portrays/represents/highlights/
indicates/provides/compares….
3. General comment on the main trend
4. Plain description and comparison:
#use verbs like goes up/rises up/increases
to/grows up/ascends to/went up/rose
up/increased to/grew up (for upward trend)

#use verbs like goes down/falls to/decreases

to/drops to/reduces to/descends to/fell
to/dropped to/ decreased to (for downward trend)
#To show stability – remains/remained
stable/steady/static/unchanged/constant at…

# Use adjectives and adverbs to give emphasize –

dramatic, dramatically, sharp, sharply, enormous,
abrupt, frequent, rapidly, slowly, moderately, gradually,
slightly, noticeably…

5. Finally put a general conclusion- you can share your

opinion behind the change or predict something – if
this trend goes on like this, it is hoped that…
1. The graph below shows the Internet Users from 2005 to 2013. Describe the graph in
150 words. You should highlight and summaries the information given in the graph.
The graph shows the percentage of people using the internet from the year 2005 to 2013.
The graph, at a glance, shows a tremendous rise of internet users over the years.

In 2005, only 5% of people used the Internet. The next year, that is in 2006, this rises to 8%,
which means that in one year’s time 3% more people began to use the Internet. This trend
of growth accelerates in next years. We find that in 2007, 11% of people used the internet.
The next year, that is, in 2008, it becomes 16%, so the increase in one year is 5%. Again, if
we study the graph we find that the percentage of people using the internet increases
faster between 2009 and 2010. In 2009 the percentage was only 21 while it rises to 32 in
2010, which means that in one year’s time 11% more people began to use the Internet.
However, there is a little increase, between 2010 and 2011. In 2010 it was 32% and in 2011,
it rises to 35%, that is a growth of only 3%. But from 2011, again the trend of growth goes
faster. Thus, we find that between 2011 and 2012, there is an increase of 7% (41%-34%)
users. In 2013 the percentage rises to 54 from 41, that is 13% increase occurs between
2012 and 2013.

To sum up, we can say that within a span of eight years the users of Internet rises from 5%
to 55% which means a very significant growth of the users of the internet over time.
2. The graph below shows the number of mobile phone users in
Bangladesh. Describe the graph in 150 words. You should highlight
and summarize the information given in the graph:

Number of Mobile phone users in Bangladesh Graph

The graph shows the number of mobile phone user in Bangladesh between the years
2008 and 2012. At a glance, the graph shows that the number of mobile phone users
has increased very remarkably in a span of four years.

According to the graph, only 30% of people used a mobile phone in 2008. The
percentage increases gradually exception in 2011. In 2012 the number of users turns
88%. However, the increases do not occur equally in each year. Only 5% increase
occurs in 2009. But next year, that is in 2010, 38% (73%-35%) increases occurs. But In
2011, 2% decrease occurs. In 2012 there occur moderately higher increases. This
year 17% (88%-71%) increases taken place. Thus we can say that there is a higher
trend of increase of the mobile phone users from the year 2008 to 2012 except in
2011. The very remarkable increase occurs between 2009 and 2010 and between
2011 and 2012.

To sum up, we can say that within a span of five years the users of mobile phone
rises from 30% to 88% which means a very significant growth of the users of the
mobile phone over time.
3. The graph below shows the ‘Literacy Rate’ of Bangladesh from
1995 to 2010. Describe the graph in 150 words. You should
highlight-and summarize the information given in the graph.

Literacy Rate of Bangladesh from 1995-2010

The graph gives an idea about the literacy rate of Bangladesh over the years between 1995 and 2010. The
graph shows an irregular rate of increase and decreases in some years from 1995 till 2010.

In 1995, the rate was 38.1% which is the lowest of all. However, in the next five years there is a significant
growth in literacy, and from the graph, we find that in 2000, the literacy rate becomes 56%. So, within five
years’ time, there is (56-38.1=) 17.9% growth in literacy. However, the rate goes down after 2000. Thus,
we find that in 2001 the rate comes down to 47.9% from its previous year-rate, 56%. There is still a
downward trend in the next two years. The graph shows that in the year 2003 the rate falls from 47.9 to
43.1. This means that within two years there is a decrease of (47.9-43.1=) 4.8% literacy rate. However,
from the next year, that is from 2004, the rate of literacy goes upward. Within a span of seven years, this
rate becomes 56.8%. It means that within a period of seven years there is (56.8-43.1=) 13.7% increase in
literacy rate. The overall analysis of the graph shows that the highest rate of literacy between 1995 and
2010 is 56.8% and the lowest is 38.1%.

Though there is a decreasing trend between the years 2001 and 2003, the overall trend is on the increase.
Thus, it is found that within a span of sixteen years the literacy rate increases from 38.1 to 56.8, which is
a very significant growth. Thus, the graph gives a good idea and the trend of literacy rate in Bangladesh
from 1995 till 2010.
4.
The graph shows the percentage of people living below the poverty line in a particular country from the
year 1995 till 2010.

The graph shows that 35.6% of people lived below the poverty line in 1995. In the next few years,
poverty grows higher. The graph shows that nine years later, that is in 2004, the population below the
poverty line is 45%. Therefore, over nine years poverty level rose 9.4% higher. However since the year
2004, the trend of poverty decreases. Within the next four years, the percentage of people living below
poverty is decreased to 36.3% from its previous 45%, which means that within four years 8.7% of
people come out of their poverty line. There is a further decreasing trend of poverty level after 2008.
The graph shows that in 2010 the percentage of people living below the poverty line is decreased to
31.51% from its previous 36.3%. Therefore, from the graph, it is clear that more people go below the
poverty level between the years 1995 and 2004. Again many people come out of the poverty level
between the years 2004 and 2010. According to the graph 2004 is the year when the highest number of
people (45%) lived below the poverty line while 2010 is the year when the lowest number of people
(31.51%) people lived below the poverty line.

Thus the graph provides a clear picture of the trends of rising or fall of people living below the poverty
line from the year 1995 to 2010.
5. The pie chart below shows the sources of air pollution in a city. Describe the chart in 150 words.
You should highlight and summarize the information given in the chart.

Sources of a City Pollution

The pie chart shows the pollutions of a city with five different sources. These are
the vehicles, industries, power plants, heating or air conditioning and waste
disposals.
The chart shows that the highest level of pollution is caused by vehicles, and it
covers 60% of the total pollution. The second rate of pollution is caused by
industries which cover 17%, of the total pollution. The third sources are the power
plants which covers 14% pollution. Heating or air conditioning sources also
contribute to pollution which is 6% of the total. Next comes the pollution by waste
disposal which is 3% of the total. From the chart, it also becomes clear that the rate
of pollution is very close by industries (17%) and by power plants (14%). But the
highest level of pollution is caused by vehicles. The lowest rate of pollution has
been caused by waste disposal. It is also clear that the rate of pollution by heating
and air conditioning is double the rate by waste disposal.

The sources of pollutions chronologically from the lowest to the highest are waste
disposal, heating, and air conditioning, power plants, industries, and vehicles.
6. The pie-chart below shows the percentage of a family’s
household income distributed into different categories. Describe
the pie-chart in 150 words.

The Percentage of a Family Expenditure

The pie chart shows the percentage of a family’s household income distributed into
some categories. These are food, clothes, education, power, transport, saving and
others.

According to the chart, the family’s highest expenditure is on food, and it is 25% of
the total income. The lowest expenditure is on power which is 5%. However, the
family spends 22% of its income for education, 13% for clothes. 12% for transport.
Besides the above, the family spends 8% of its income in some other purposes
which have been shown as ‘others’. After spending money in all these categories,
the family saves some money, and this is 15% of the total income. From the graph,
it is clear that the family’s total expenditure is 85% of its income, and the savings is
15%.

If we make a list of the categories of expenditure from the highest to the lowest we
find this serial: food, education, clothes, transport, others, and power.
7. The Pie Chart about the Time Allocation of Students' Daily
Activities
The pie chart indicates how a student spends time sleeping, doing homework, studying at
school, playing games and sports, confirming recreation, and eating meals. Overall, sleeping
and doing homework make up more than half of his time.

It is clearly evident from the chart that sleeping and doing homework cover 58% of his time.
Each contributes 29%. A significant portion of his time which is 17% is used up at school. It is
the second highest in percentage. Taking meals takes the least amount of time which is only
4%. Playing games and sports and recreation consist up 21% of his time. While he
spends 13% of his time on games and sports, he spends 8% on recreation.

Thus, he uses up almost half of his total time on education, and he lets food consumption
take too little time from him. He also gives reasonable importance to games and sports and
recreation.