Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181

Vol. 6 Issue 05, May - 2017

Modeling and Simulation of Automatic Three

Point Starter
Anand K Pandey, Vishesh Sharma, Udit Mittal, Shradha Srivastava
JSS Academy of Technical Education,
Noida, UP, India

Abstract—DC motors are commonly started with the starter Due to lack of back EMF a heavy current will pass through
because in the beginning of it; due to the absence of back EMF the armature winding which will be multiple of rated current
heavy current will pass through it which may burn the DC and it may burn due to the losses in the motor.
motor. Various method are employed for limiting the current
In three pointer starter, three resistances are added up in
into safe value such as voltage level variation, addition of the
external resistance etc. the three & four point starter are
series with external circuit. R1, R2 and R3 as the motor
employed to the machine which add up the external resistance to generate the back EMF, resistance are gradually cut down in
the circuit which bring the current in the safe value limit . In three steps after the particular interval of time and rated
this paper a simulation model is proposed which shows that all current will pass through the armature winding, it runs on the
the resistances gradually removed from the circuit, as the back rated speed Basically three resistors limit the heavy current.
EMF is generated. In this paper automatic 3 point starter In the lack of external resistance, motor may have various
method is proposed which gives automatic function of starter of adverse effect such as winding failure, heavy torque is
DC motor. experienced by the dc motor.
Keywords— DC motor, Back EMF,Three Point Starter.
.
Torque is directly proportional to the current.
I. INTRODUCTION
Dc machine are broadly classified on the basis of their
starting, the arrangement of field and armature winding with
respect to each other (series, parallel or compound). But all the
dc motor are required a starter for the starting purpose either it
may be three point starter or four point starter. The three point
starter adds an external resistance in series with the armature
winding which limits the current.
a. Necessity of Starter
In DC machine back EMF is generated due to the rotational
motion of the armature in the field but at the beginning rotor
or armature is at the zero rpm so, no back EMF will be
present in the machine .

(1) . (4)
( ) (5)
(2)
(Heavy current) (6)
(3) By use of starter:
Where
itself maintain the value of Ia, but because of absence of (7)
heavy current will pass through it which is in multiple of (8)
rated current .The starters are used for controlling the current When,
in safe value like three point starter and four point starter. (9)

b. Starting of DC machine with three point starter High value of Rext reduced the current in safe limit. In
As the calculated amount of resistance is add up external in automatic three point starter , motor are direct switched on
series with the armature winding. At the beginning of dc from the supply and cutting off of resistance is done
motor, the back EMF will be zero, as the speed at armature automatically by some time delay instead of changing lever
increases, back EMF will also increase. or switch one- by- one.

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Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 6 Issue 05, May - 2017

II. SIMULATION
Three point starter theory are widely described in many
books by different author instead of discussing it, In this
paper we have developed a Simulink model of automatic
three point starter in Matlab to explain the concept of three
point starter practically. Many blocks are required, each block
have their own importance while designing the starter.
Mainly arrangements of breaker are to be synchronized in
such a manner that each resistance out of three is gradually
cut down one after one sequentially.

III. CALCULATION
Armature supplied with rated current and Dc motor runs
satisfactorily.

At starting,
Each breaker are connected in parallel with the specific ( )
resistance, these are arranged in series with the armature , P=5 h.p
winding. Initially for breaker 1 are in open ‘0’ position which
are step with particular time interval to ‘1’ position and
resistance R1 are by-passed with the short circuit. R1 is cut
down from the external resistance. Similarly R2 and R3 by
breaker 2 & breaker 3 are also cut down with particular time
interval with each other. The whole resistances are cut down 2× =2 × 12.43 = 24.86A
in three steps.
Change in resistance =
24.12Ω - 12Ω = 12Ω
12 Ω reistance are needed for adding to external circuit

= 12 Ω(approx)

3
1.21

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Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 6 Issue 05, May - 2017

IV. RESULT c. Current vs time

a. Speed Vs Time

V. CONCLUSION
In traditional three point starter method we require manual
process for changing the position of lever/handle or switch of
three point starter to cut-off the resistance from the armature
circuit. In this paper an automatic three point starter method
is proposed in which resistances are cut-off after particular
b. Torque vs Time interval of time one by one from the circuit automatically.
VI. REFERENCES
[1] Dr.P.S.Bimbhra “Generalized theory of electrical machines”
Khanna Publishers, Fifth edition, 22nd Reprint , 2012
[2] Dr.P.S.Bimbhra “Electrical Machinery” Khanna Publishers,
Seventh edition , 23rd edition 2012
[3] Ashfaq husain “Electrical machine” Dhanpat Rai & co., Second
edition, Reprint , 2010.
[4] Web site “electrical4u.com

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