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Lec 3

The document outlines the design process in three main stages: research, conceptualization, and implementation, emphasizing the importance of creating a well-defined project brief. It discusses the necessity of understanding user needs, business viability, and technological feasibility through various data collection methods. The document also highlights the significance of analyzing data to identify design opportunities and the role of effective communication in the design process.

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20 views40 pages

Lec 3

The document outlines the design process in three main stages: research, conceptualization, and implementation, emphasizing the importance of creating a well-defined project brief. It discusses the necessity of understanding user needs, business viability, and technological feasibility through various data collection methods. The document also highlights the significance of analyzing data to identify design opportunities and the role of effective communication in the design process.

Uploaded by

swainbhaktiprasad0987
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ES 115

Design, Innovation and prototyping


3 Design Process

Manasi Kanetkar
September 2024
Recap
- Product design >> value addition
- Evolution of industrial products

---

- Drivers of innovation (people, technology, business)


- Types of Innovation
Contents for today

Design Process (3 stages)


Stage 1: Data collection
A product ..

- Interacts with you

- Participates in activities

- Influences lifestyle

Whether it’s the maker’s choice or not !!


Therefore we need design it consciously to do so..
If we want a well-designed product...
How and where do we start?
A good brief
Aim for more than one factor out of the three
- User (Desirability)
- Business (Viability)
- Technology (Feasibility)

Successful
A good brief
Study all the three factors:
- User (Desirability): profile, tasks, ergonomics
- Business (Viability): brand, competitors, selling proposition, pricing,
point of sale(POS)
- Technology (Feasibility): features, environment, manufacturing,
evolution
Three main stages of design process
Make a good
project brief

Research* (analyze & define ) Understand


Conceptualization Explor e
Implementation (develop) Mat er ialize

* Design research is quite different in nature as compared to science or technological research. It involves contextual
study of user needs, market research and product/ technology and any other contextual study required for the project.
Three main stages of design process
- At each stage: we will diverge (creativity) and then converge (objective
thinking)
- Business (Viability): brand, competitors, selling proposition, pricing,
point of sale(POS)
- Technology (Feasibility): features, environment, manufacturing,
evolution
Phase 1: Design research

Design research >> data collection and analysis


Goal : ‘make a good project brief’

………

A problem defined well…. is half solved


Case study – paper clip
User study
Case study – paper clip

(Task Analysis)
Product/ technology study
Case study – paper clip

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-7/Paper-Clip.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsDdmDFDYHA
Product/ technology study
Case study – paper clip

https://www.officemuseum.com/paper_clips.htm
Case study – paper clip
Business/ market study
Define the brief
Analyze and identify opportunities under each head
Case study – paper clip

- User
- Technology
- Business opportunity

Leads to the next phase : Ideation


Design process in a gist
Three stages of design process are:
1. Research* (analyze & define )
2. Conceptualization
3. Implementation (develop & detail)

First stage : to analyze data and define the brief.


A problem defined well is half solved.
Data collection
Story: the lost key
Data collection: for DIP project
Stage one: Understand
- Define the ‘purpose’ / need statement
- Data collection for intended users and their needs for the concerned
purpose
- Existing products/ technology used for the purpose
- Data analysis to identify design opportunities
- Define a well-rounded project brief
Data collection methods
Methods of data collection: for design

- Fly on the wall


- Shadowing + observation, probing
- Questionnaire / Survey
- Desk research
- Focus group discussions
Fly on the wall : find the trigger

- Observe and notice the behavior and issues of people


are doing without them noticing you
- May require to play detective
- Helps in finding leads for further research
Shadowing + observation, probing

- Follow a person without interfering


- Notice routines, activities, tools etc.
- Observe the task >> goal
- Study user behavior
Shadowing … >> Task analysis
- Task analysis >> process of breaking down a complex job into
smaller, manageable steps
- May interrupt and ask about particular action
- Note problems for each task/ subtask
Interviews

- User, subject expert, stakeholder


- Helps establish / strengthen arguments
- Recommended: interviews in person, and
fill the questionnaire yourself
- Structured data
https://www.researchworld.com/funda
mentals-of-questionnaire-writing/
Desk research
What do you find out?
- Latest and upcoming technology/ trends w.r.t. the purpose
- Social and environmental concerns
- Existing solutions (prior art) for the purpose
Secondary sources
- Articles
- Research papers
What next?
Data analysis
Data analysis
Story: My car does not like vanilla ice-cream
Analyse interaction

- What is the function? (Function, Working principle)


- Who is going to use the product? (User profile)
- Where will it be used? (Environment/ Context)
- When will it be used (Specific time/ Season/ Before or after a specific
task)
- How will it be used? (Action sequence/ interaction)
Documenting a process

- Important ingredients
- Important steps
- Tools and equipment used
- Human intervention is required in the process?
- Cooking process (science)
- Use five senses for decision making
- Critical points (process can go seriously wrong)
Analyse technology (as much as possible)

- Existing products for the same need; their strengths and weaknesses
- Required material properties (refer to design activity)
- Define required features for an effective user product interaction
Project brief
Contents of the project brief

- Insight: Share your most relevant observation from your


research.

- Therefore: Explain the conclusion you’ve come to based on the


insight.
Project brief
End result of data collection and analysis is a brief; support with context and
background as required
- Who is the user?
- What is the desired interaction between product and user?
- What is the value proposition?
Summary
- Stages of design process
- Define the ‘intent’ / need statement'
- First stage of design project: Data collection and analysis
- Methods of data collection
- Data analysis to identify design opportunities
ES 115
Design, Innovation and prototyping

3 Design process

Next time… ‘Forming a project brief’

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