Customer Support

Technical Response Center (assistance)

1-888-436-4678

Customer Service (order entry)

1-800-523-6678

Replacement Parts
Distribution Products: 1-800-892-2289
Terminal Products: 1-800-227-0450
Broadband
Reference Guide

RD-19
Copyright © 2000 by Motorola, Inc.

All rights reserved.

First printing October, 2000

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by

any means or used to make any derivative work (such as
translation, transformation or adaptation) without written
permission from Motorola.

Motorola reserves the right to revise this publication and to make

changes in content from time to time without obligation on the part
of Motorola to provide notification of such revision or change.

Motorola provides this guide without warranty of any kind, either

implied or expressed, including, but not limited, to the implied
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered trademarks of

Motorola, Inc. (R) Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off.
 Index

Television Channel Frequencies

RF Cable Data

Optical Fiber Data

Digital Transmission

RF Systems

Miscellaneous Data

Motorola BCS Sales Office Locations

 Table of Contents
Television Channel Frequencies
Off-Air Television Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
North America – CCIR System M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Sub–VHF Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Western Europe – CCIR System B/G . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Great Britain – CCIR System I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
China – CCIR System D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Wireless Cable Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
CCIR Television Transmission Characteristics . . . . . . . .15
RF Cable Data
Cable Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Comm/Scope Quantum Reach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Comm/Scope PARAMETER III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Times Fiber Communications T10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Times Fiber Communications TX10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Trilogy Communications MC2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Comm/Scope Drop Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Slope vs Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Cable Loss Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Cable and Equalizer Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Optical Fiber Data
Fiber Loss vs Path Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
dBm to Milliwatt Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Optical Coupler Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Optical Fiber Color Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Digital Transmission
Digital Transmission Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Measuring Digital Carrier Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Digital Signal Formats and Occupied Bandwidth . . . . . .33
Bandwidth Correction Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
RF Levels for 64 and 256 QAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Addressing Schemes and Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Constellation Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
RF Systems
Amplifier Tilt Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
System Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Decibel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Carrier/Noise Ratio (C/N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Carrier/Cross Modulation Ratio (XM) . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Carrier/Composite Triple Beat Ratio (CTB) . . . . . . . .46
Carrier/Single Second Order Ratio (SSO) . . . . . . . . .47
Carrier/Composite Second Order Ratio (CSO) . . . . .48
Carrier/Composite Intermodulation Noise Ratio (CIN) .49
Carrier/Hum Modulation Ratio (C/H) . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Power Addition (Noise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Voltage Addition (CTB and XM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Amplifier Cascade Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Miscellaneous Data
Return Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Wavelength and Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Ohms Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Signal Leakage Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
FFT*–*K/* Series Tap Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
SSP-K/* Series System Passives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Feederline Equalizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Beat Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Signal-to-Interference Limits for Non-Coherent Carriers 70
Spectrum Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Gain and Slope Reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Torque Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Motorola BCS Sales Office Locations
Regional Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
International Regional Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
 Off-Air Television Frequencies
Picture Color Sound
Channel Carrier Carrier Carrier Wavelength
Number (MHz) (MHz) (MHz) (inches)
2 55.25 58.83 59.75 213.8
3 61.25 64.83 65.75 192.8
4 67.25 70.83 71.75 175.6
5 77.25 80.83 81.75 152.9
6 83.25 86.83 87.75 141.9
7 175.25 178.83 179.75 67.4
8 181.25 184.83 185.75 65.2
9 187.25 190.83 191.75 63.1
10 193.25 196.83 197.75 61.1
11 199.25 202.83 203.75 59.3
12 205.25 208.83 209.75 57.5
13 211.25 214.83 215.75 55.9

UHF Television
14 471.25 474.83 475.75 25.1
15 477.25 480.83 481.75 24.7
16 483.25 486.83 487.75 24.4
17 489.25 492.83 493.75 24.1
18 495.25 498.83 499.75 23.8
19 501.25 504.83 505.75 23.6
20 507.25 510.83 511.75 23.3
21 513.25 516.83 517.25 23.0
22 519.25 522.83 523.75 22.7
23 525.25 528.83 529.75 22.5
24 531.25 534.83 535.75 22.2
25 537.25 540.83 541.75 22.0
26 543.25 546.83 547.75 21.7

1
 Off-Air Television Frequencies
Picture Color Sound
Channel Carrier Carrier Carrier Wavelength
Number (MHz) (MHz) (MHz) (inches)
27 549.25 552.83 553.75 21.5
28 555.25 558.83 559.75 21.3
29 561.25 564.83 564.75 21.0
30 567.25 570.83 571.75 20.8
31 573.25 576.83 577.75 20.6
32 579.25 582.83 583.75 20.4
33 585.25 588.83 589.75 20.2
34 591.25 594.83 595.75 20.0
35 597.25 600.83 601.75 19.8
36 603.25 606.83 607.75 19.6
37 Radio Astronomy
38 615.25 618.83 619.75 19.2
39 621.25 624.83 625.75 19.0
40 627.25 630.83 631.75 18.8
41 633.25 636.83 637.75 18.7
42 639.25 642.83 643.75 18.5
43 645.25 648.83 649.75 18.3
44 651.25 654.83 655.75 18.1
45 657.25 660.83 661.75 18.0
46 663.25 666.83 667.75 17.8
47 669.25 672.83 673.75 17.6
48 675.25 678.83 679.75 17.5
49 681.25 684.83 685.75 17.3
50 687.25 690.83 691.75 17.2
51 693.25 696.83 697.75 17.0
52 699.25 702.83 703.75 16.9
53 705.25 708.83 709.75 16.7
54 711.25 714.83 715.75 16.6
55 717.25 720.83 721.75 16.5

2
 Off-Air Television Frequencies
Picture Color Sound
Channel Carrier Carrier Carrier Wavelength
Number (MHz) (MHz) (MHz) (inches)
56 723.25 726.83 727.75 16.3
57 729.25 732.83 733.75 16.2
58 735.25 738.83 739.75 16.1
59 741.25 744.83 745.75 15.9
60 747.25 750.83 751.75 15.8
61 753.25 756.83 757.75 15.7
62 759.25 762.83 763.75 15.6
63 765.25 768.83 769.75 15.4
64 771.25 774.83 775.75 15.3
65 777.25 780.83 781.75 15.2
66 783.25 786.83 787.75 15.1
67 789.25 792.83 793.75 15.0
68 795.25 798.83 799.75 14.9
69 801.25 804.83 805.75 14.7

3
 North America – CCIR System M
Channel Digital Carrier
Number Picture Carrier Std & IRC
GI EIA Std HRC IRC 8/16VSB QAM
54 1 N/A 72.0036 73.2625 *72.3100 *75.0000
2 2 55.2500 54.0027 55.2625 54.3100 57.0000
3 3 61.2500 60.0030 61.2625 60.3100 63.0000
4 4 67.2500 66.0033 67.2625 66.3100 69.0000
5 5 77.2500 N/A N/A 76.3100 79.0000
6 6 83.2500 N/A N/A 82.3100 85.0000
55 5 N/A 78.0039 79.2625 76.3100 79.0000
56 6 N/A 84.0042 85.2625 82.3100 85.0000
7 7 175.2500 174.0087 175.2625 174.3100 177.0000
8 8 181.2500 180.0090 181.2625 180.3100 183.0000
9 9 187.2500 186.0093 187.2625 186.3100 189.0000
10 10 193.2500 192.0096 193.2625 192.3100 195.0000
11 11 199.2500 198.0099 199.2625 198.3100 201.0000
12 12 205.2500 204.0102 205.2625 204.3100 207.0000
13 13 211.2500 210.0105 211.2625 210.3100 213.0000
14 14 121.2625 120.0060 121.2625 120.3100 123.0000
15 15 127.2625 126.0063 127.2625 126.3100 129.0000
16 16 133.2625 132.0066 133.2625 132.3100 135.0000
17 17 139.2500 138.0069 139.2625 138.3100 141.0000
18 18 145.2500 144.0072 145.2625 144.3100 147.0000
19 19 151.2500 150.0075 151.2625 150.3100 153.0000
20 20 157.2500 156.0078 157.2625 156.3100 159.0000
21 21 163.2500 162.0081 163.2625 162.3100 165.0000
22 22 169.2500 168.0084 169.2625 168.3100 171.0000
23 23 217.2500 216.0108 217.2625 216.3100 219.0000
24 24 223.2500 222.0111 223.2625 222.3100 225.0000
25 25 229.2625 228.0114 229.2625 228.3100 231.0000
26 26 235.2625 234.0117 235.2625 234.3100 237.0000

* IRC only

4
North America – CCIR System M
Channel Digital Carrier
Number Picture Carrier Std & IRC
GI EIA Std HRC IRC 8/16VSB QAM
27 27 241.2625 240.0120 241.2625 240.3100 243.0000
28 28 247.2625 246.0123 247.2625 246.3100 249.0000
29 29 253.2625 252.0126 253.2625 252.3100 255.0000
30 30 259.2625 258.0129 259.2625 258.3100 261.0000
31 31 265.2625 264.0132 265.2625 264.3100 267.0000
32 32 271.2625 270.0135 271.2625 270.3100 273.0000
33 33 277.2625 276.0138 277.2625 276.3100 279.0000
34 34 283.2625 282.0141 283.2625 282.3100 285.0000
35 35 289.2625 288.0144 289.2625 288.3100 291.0000
36 36 295.2625 294.0147 295.2625 294.3100 297.0000
37 37 301.2625 300.0150 301.2625 300.3100 303.0000
38 38 307.2625 306.0153 307.2625 306.3100 309.0000
39 39 313.2625 312.0156 313.2625 312.3100 315.0000
40 40 319.2625 318.0159 319.2625 318.3100 321.0000
41 41 325.2625 324.0162 325.2625 324.3100 327.0000
42 42 331.2750 330.0165 331.2750 330.3100 333.0000
43 43 337.2625 336.0168 337.2625 336.3100 339.0000
44 44 343.2625 342.0171 343.2625 342.3100 345.0000
45 45 349.2625 348.0174 349.2625 348.3100 351.0000
46 46 355.2625 354.0177 355.2625 354.3100 357.0000
47 47 361.2625 360.0180 361.2625 360.3100 363.0000
48 48 367.2625 366.0183 367.2625 366.3100 369.0000
49 49 373.2625 372.0186 373.2625 372.3100 375.0000
50 50 379.2625 378.0189 379.2625 378.3100 381.0000
51 51 385.2625 384.0192 385.2625 384.3100 387.0000
52 52 391.2625 390.0195 391.2625 390.3100 393.0000
53 53 397.2625 396.0198 397.2625 396.3100 399.0000
62 54 403.2500 402.0201 403.2625 402.3100 405.0000
63 55 409.2500 408.0204 409.2625 408.3100 411.0000
64 56 415.2500 414.0207 415.2625 414.3100 417.0000

5
North America – CCIR System M
Channel Digital Carrier
Number Picture Carrier Std & IRC
GI EIA Std HRC IRC 8/16VSB QAM
65 57 421.2500 420.0210 421.2625 420.3100 423.0000
66 58 427.2500 426.0213 427.2625 426.3100 429.0000
67 59 433.2500 432.0216 433.2625 432.3100 435.0000
68 60 439.2500 438.0219 439.2625 438.3100 441.0000
69 61 445.2500 444.0222 445.2625 444.3100 447.0000
70 62 451.2500 450.0225 451.2625 450.3100 453.0000
71 63 457.2500 456.0228 457.2625 456.3100 459.0000
72 64 463.2500 462.0231 463.2625 462.3100 465.0000
73 65 469.2500 468.0234 469.2625 468.3100 471.0000
74 66 475.2500 474.0237 475.2625 474.3100 477.0000
75 67 481.2500 480.0240 481.2625 480.3100 483.0000
76 68 487.2500 486.0243 487.2625 486.3100 489.0000
77 69 493.2500 492.0246 493.2625 492.3100 495.0000
78 70 499.2500 498.0249 499.2625 498.3100 501.0000
79 71 505.2500 504.0252 505.2625 504.3100 507.0000
80 72 511.2500 510.0255 511.2625 510.3100 513.0000
81 73 517.2500 516.0258 517.2625 516.3100 519.0000
82 74 523.2500 522.0261 523.2625 522.3100 525.0000
83 75 529.2500 528.0264 529.2625 528.3100 531.0000
84 76 535.2500 534.0267 535.2625 534.3100 537.0000
85 77 541.2500 540.0270 541.2625 540.3100 543.0000
86 78 547.2500 546.0273 547.2625 546.3100 549.0000
87 79 553.2500 552.0276 553.2625 552.3100 555.0000
88 80 559.2500 558.0279 559.2625 558.3100 561.0000
89 81 565.2500 564.0282 565.2625 564.3100 567.0000
90 82 571.2500 570.0285 571.2625 570.3100 573.0000
91 83 577.2500 576.0288 577.2625 576.3100 579.0000
92 84 583.2500 582.0291 583.2625 582.3100 585.0000
93 85 589.2500 588.0294 589.2625 588.3100 591.0000
94 86 595.2500 594.0297 595.2625 594.3100 597.0000

6
North America – CCIR System M
Channel Digital Carrier
Number Picture Carrier Std & IRC
GI EIA Std HRC IRC 8/16VSB QAM
95 87 601.2500 600.0300 601.2625 600.3100 603.0000
96 88 607.2500 606.0303 607.2625 606.3100 609.0000
97 89 613.2500 612.0306 613.2625 612.3100 615.0000
98 90 619.2500 618.0309 619.2625 618.3100 621.0000
99 91 625.2500 624.0312 625.2625 624.3100 627.0000
100 92 631.2500 630.0315 631.2625 630.3100 633.0000
101 93 637.2500 636.0318 637.2625 636.3100 639.0000
102 94 643.2500 642.0321 643.2625 642.3100 645.0000
57 95 91.2500 90.0045 91.2625 90.3100 93.0000
58 96 97.2500 96.0048 97.2625 96.3100 99.0000
59 97 103.2500 102.0051 103.2625 102.3100 105.0000
60 98 109.2750 108.0250 109.2750 108.3100 111.0000
61 99 115.2750 114.0250 115.2750 114.3100 117.0000
103 100 649.2500 648.0324 649.2625 648.3100 651.0000
104 101 655.2500 654.0327 655.2625 654.3100 657.0000
105 102 661.2500 660.0330 661.2625 660.3100 663.0000
106 103 667.2500 666.0333 667.2625 666.3100 669.0000
107 104 673.2500 672.0336 673.2625 672.3100 675.0000
108 105 679.2500 678.0339 679.2625 678.3100 681.0000
109 106 685.2500 684.0342 685.2625 684.3100 687.0000
110 107 691.2500 690.0345 691.2625 690.3100 693.0000
111 108 697.2500 696.0348 697.2625 696.3100 699.0000
112 109 703.2500 702.0351 703.2625 702.3100 705.0000
113 110 709.2500 708.0354 709.2625 708.3100 711.0000
114 111 715.2500 714.0357 715.2625 714.3100 717.0000
115 112 721.2500 720.0360 721.2625 720.3100 723.0000
116 113 727.2500 726.0363 727.2625 726.3100 729.0000
117 114 733.2500 732.0366 733.2625 732.3100 735.0000
118 115 739.2500 738.0369 739.2625 738.3100 741.0000
119 116 745.2500 744.0372 745.2625 744.3100 747.0000

7
North America – CCIR System M
Channel Digital Carrier
Number Picture Carrier Std & IRC
GI EIA Std HRC IRC 8/16VSB QAM
120 117 751.2500 750.0375 751.2625 750.3100 753.0000
121 118 757.2500 756.0378 757.2625 756.3100 759.0000
122 119 763.2500 762.0381 763.2625 762.3100 765.0000
123 120 769.2500 768.0384 769.2625 768.3100 771.0000
124 121 775.2500 774.0387 775.2625 774.3100 777.0000
125 122 781.2500 780.0390 781.2625 780.3100 783.0000
126 123 787.2500 786.0393 787.2625 786.3100 789.0000
127 124 793.2500 792.0396 793.2625 792.3100 795.0000
128 125 799.2500 798.0399 799.2625 798.3100 801.0000
129 126 805.2500 804.0402 805.2625 804.3100 807.0000
130 127 811.2500 810.0405 811.2625 810.3100 813.0000
131 128 817.2500 816.0408 817.2625 816.3100 819.0000
132 129 823.2500 822.0411 823.2625 822.3100 825.0000
133 130 829.2500 828.0414 829.2625 828.3100 831.0000
134 131 835.2500 834.0417 835.2625 834.3100 837.0000
135 132 841.2500 840.0420 841.2625 840.3100 843.0000
136 133 847.2500 846.0423 847.2625 846.3100 849.0000
137 134 853.2500 852.0426 853.2625 852.3100 855.0000
138 135 859.2500 858.0429 859.2625 858.3100 861.0000
139 136 865.2500 864.0432 865.2625 864.3100 867.0000
140 137 871.2500 870.0435 871.2625 870.3100 873.0000
141 138 877.2500 876.0438 877.2625 876.3100 879.0000
142 139 883.2500 882.0441 883.2625 882.3100 885.0000
143 140 889.2500 888.0444 889.2625 888.3100 891.0000
144 141 895.2500 894.0447 895.2625 894.3100 897.0000
145 142 901.2500 900.0450 901.2625 900.3100 903.0000
146 143 907.2500 906.0453 907.2625 906.3100 909.0000
147 144 913.2500 912.0456 913.2625 912.3100 905.0000
148 145 919.2500 918.0459 919.2625 918.3100 921.0000
149 146 925.2500 924.0462 925.2625 924.3100 927.0000

8
 North America – CCIR System M
Channel Digital Carrier
Number Picture Carrier Std & IRC
GI EIA Std HRC IRC 8/16VSB QAM
150 147 931.2500 930.0465 931.2625 930.3100 933.0000
151 148 937.2500 936.0468 937.2625 936.3100 939.0000
152 149 943.2500 942.0471 943.2625 942.3100 945.0000
153 150 949.2500 948.0474 949.2625 948.3100 951.0000
154 151 955.2500 954.0477 955.2625 954.3100 957.0000
155 152 961.2500 960.0480 961.2625 960.3100 963.0000
156 153 967.2500 966.0483 967.2625 966.3100 969.0000
157 154 973.2500 972.0486 973.2625 972.3100 975.0000
158 155 979.2500 978.0489 979.2625 978.3100 981.0000
159 156 985.2500 984.0492 985.2625 984.3100 987.0000
160 157 991.2500 990.0495 991.2625 990.3100 993.0000
161 158 997.2500 996.0498 997.2625 996.3100 999.0000

Sound carrier is 4.5 MHz above the picture carrier.

Color subcarrier is 3.579545 MHz above picture carrier.
EIA: Electronic Industries Association, Washington, D.C.

Sub–VHF Frequencies
Channel Picture Color Sound
T7 7.00 10.58 11.50
T8 13.00 16.58 17.50
T9 19.00 22.58 23.50
T10 25.00 28.58 29.50
T11 31.00 34.58 35.50
T12 37.00 40.58 41.50
T13 43.00 46.58 47.50

9
Western Europe – CCIR System B/G
Channel Picture Sound Channel Picture Sound
E-2 48.25 53.75 E-40 623.25 628.75
E-3 55.25 60.75 E-41 631.25 636.75
E-4 62.25 67.75 E-42 639.25 644.75
E-5 175.25 180.75 E-43 647.25 652.75
E-6 182.25 187.75 E-44 655.25 660.75
E-7 189.25 194.75 E-45 663.25 668.75
E-8 196.25 201.75 E-46 671.25 676.75
E-9 203.25 208.75 E-47 679.25 684.75
E-10 210.25 215.75 E-48 687.25 692.75
E-11 217.25 222.75 E-49 695.25 700.75
E-12 224.25 229.75 E-50 703.25 708.75
E-21 471.25 476.75 E-51 711.25 716.75
E-22 479.25 484.75 E-52 719.25 724.75
E-23 487.25 492.75 E-53 727.25 732.75
E-24 495.25 500.75 E-54 735.25 740.75
E-25 503.25 508.75 E-55 743.25 748.75
E-26 511.25 516.75 E-56 751.25 756.75
E-27 519.25 524.75 E-57 759.25 764.75
E-28 527.25 532.75 E-58 767.25 772.75
E-29 535.25 540.75 E-59 775.25 780.75
E-30 543.25 548.75 E-60 783.25 788.75
E-31 551.25 556.75 E-61 791.25 796.75
E-32 559.25 564.75 E-62 799.25 804.75
E-33 567.25 572.75 E-63 807.25 812.75
E-34 575.25 580.75 E-64 815.25 820.75
E-35 583.25 588.75 E-65 823.25 828.75
E-36 591.25 596.75 E-66 831.25 836.75
E-37 599.25 604.75 E-67 839.25 844.75
E-38 607.25 612.75 E-68 847.25 852.75
E-39 615.25 620.75 E-69 855.25 860.75

10
 Great Britain – CCIR System I
Channel Picture Sound Channel Picture Sound
21 471.25 477.25 46 671.25 677.25
22 479.25 485.25 47 679.25 685.25
23 487.25 493.25 48 687.25 693.25
24 495.25 501.25 49 695.25 701.25
25 503.25 509.25 50 703.25 709.25
26 511.25 517.25 51 711.25 717.25
27 519.25 525.25 52 719.25 725.25
28 527.25 533.25 53 727.25 733.25
29 535.25 541.25 54 735.25 741.25
30 543.25 549.25 55 743.25 749.25
31 551.25 557.25 56 751.25 757.25
32 559.25 565.25 57 759.25 765.25
33 567.25 573.25 58 767.25 773.25
34 575.25 581.25 59 775.25 781.25
35 583.25 589.25 60 783.25 789.25
36 591.25 597.25 61 791.25 797.25
37 599.25 605.25 62 799.25 805.25
38 607.25 613.25 63 807.25 813.25
39 615.25 621.25 64 815.25 821.25
40 623.25 629.25 65 823.25 829.25
41 631.25 637.25 66 831.25 837.25
42 639.25 645.25 67 839.25 845.25
43 647.25 653.25 68 847.25 853.25
44 655.25 661.25 69 855.25 861.25
45 663.25 669.25

11
 China – CCIR System D
Channel Picture Sound Channel Picture Sound
DS-1 49.75 56.25 DS-29 639.25 645.75
DS-2 57.75 64.25 DS-30 647.25 653.75
DS-3 65.75 72.25 DS-31 655.25 661.75
DS-4 77.25 83.75 DS-32 663.25 669.75
DS-5 85.25 91.75 DS-33 671.25 677.75
DS-6 168.25 174.75 DS-34 679.25 685.75
DS-7 176.25 182.75 DS-35 687.25 693.75
DS-8 184.25 190.75 DS-36 695.25 701.75
DS-9 192.25 198.75 DS-37 703.25 709.75
DS-10 200.25 206.75 DS-38 711.25 717.75
DS-11 208.25 214.75 DS-39 719.25 725.75
DS-12 216.25 222.75 DS-40 727.25 733.75
DS-13 471.25 477.75 DS-41 735.25 741.75
DS-14 479.25 485.75 DS-42 743.25 749.75
DS-15 487.25 493.75 DS-43 751.25 757.75
DS-16 495.25 501.75 DS-44 759.25 765.75
DS-17 503.25 509.75 DS-45 767.25 773.75
DS-18 511.25 517.75 DS-46 775.25 781.75
DS-19 519.25 525.75 DS-47 783.25 789.75
DS-20 527.25 533.75 DS-48 791.25 797.75
DS-21 535.25 541.75 DS-49 799.25 805.75
DS-22 543.25 549.75 DS-50 807.25 813.75
DS-23 551.25 557.75 DS-51 815.25 821.75
DS-24 559.25 565.75 DS-52 823.75 829.75
DS-25 607.25 613.75 DS-53 831.25 837.75
DS-26 615.25 621.75 DS-54 839.25 845.75
DS-27 623.25 629.75 DS-55 847.25 853.75
DS-28 631.25 637.75 DS-56 855.25 861.75

12
 Wireless Cable Frequencies
Plus Downconverter Output

MMDS Downconverter
Frequencies Output1

Band Channel Channel Video EIA Video

Limits Carrier Channel2 Carrier
ITFS A1 2500 - 2506 2501.25 24 223.25
B1 2506 - 2512 2507.25 25 229.25
A2 2512 - 2518 2513.25 26 235.25
B2 2518 - 2524 2519.25 27 241.25
A3 2524 - 2530 2525.25 28 247.25
B3 2530 - 2536 2531.25 29 253.25
A4 2536 - 2542 2537.25 30 259.25
B4 2542 - 2548 2543.25 31 265.25
ITFS C1 2548 - 2554 2549.25 32 271.25
D1 2554 - 2560 2555.25 33 277.25
C2 2560 - 2566 2561.25 34 283.25
D2 2566 - 2572 2567.25 35 289.25
C3 2572 - 2578 2573.25 36 295.25
D3 2578 - 2584 2579.25 37 301.25
C4 2584 - 2590 2585.25 38 307.25
D4 2590 - 2596 2591.25 39 313.25
MMDS E1 2596 - 2602 2597.25 40 319.25
F1 2602 - 2608 2603.25 41 325.25
E2 2608 - 2614 2609.25 42 331.25
F2 2614 - 2620 2615.25 43 337.25
E3 2620 - 2626 2621.25 44 343.25
F3 2626 - 2632 2627.25 45 349.25
E4 2632 - 2638 2633.25 46 355.25
F4 2638 - 2644 2639.25 47 361.25

13
 Wireless Cable Frequencies
Plus Downconverter Output

MMDS Downconverter
Frequencies Output1
Band Channel Channel Video EIA Video
Limits Carrier Channel2 Carrier
ITFS A1 2500 - 2506 2501.25 24 223.25
B1 2506 - 2512 2507.25 25 229.25
A2 2512 - 2518 2513.25 26 235.25
B2 2518 - 2524 2519.25 27 241.25
A3 2524 - 2530 2525.25 28 247.25
B3 2530 - 2536 2531.25 29 253.25
A4 2536 - 2542 2537.25 30 259.25
B4 2542 - 2548 2543.25 31 265.25
ITFS C1 2548 - 2554 2549.25 32 271.25
D1 2554 - 2560 2555.25 33 277.25

1 2278 MHz local oscillator

2 Audio and video carriers are inverted on channels MDS1
and MDS2.

14
 CCIR Television Transmission Characteristics

Field Line Chan Video Vid/Snd Vest

Freq Freq Width B/W Spacing SB Visual Sound
System Lines (Hz) (Hz) (MHz) (MHz) (MHz) (MHz) Mod Mod
B/G 625 50 15,625 7/8 5 + 5.5 0.75 neg FM
C 625 50 15,625 7 5 + 5.5 0.75 pos AM
D/K 625 50 15,625 8 6 + 6.5 0.75 neg FM
15

H 625 50 15,625 8 5 + 5.5 1.25 neg FM

I 625 50 15,625 8 5.5 + 6.0 1.25 neg FM
K1 625 50 15,625 8 6 + 6.5 1.25 neg FM
L 525 50 15,625 8 6 ± 6.5 1.25 pos AM
M 525 60 15,734 6 4.2 + 4.5 0.75 neg FM
N 625 50 15,625 6 4.2 + 4.5 0.75 neg FM

CCIR: Committé Consulatif International Radiocommunications NTSC: National Television Systems Committee
PAL: Phase Alternation by Line SECAM: Sequential Color with Memory
OIRT: Organisation Internationale Radiodiffusion – Télévision
 Cable Specifications1
Comm/Scope QUANTUM REACH
Frequency Series
(MHz) 540 715 860 1125
Maximum Loss at 68º F (dB/100 ft)2
5 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.07
30 0.34 0.27 0.23 0.17
40 0.39 0.31 0.27 0.20
50 0.44 0.35 0.30 0.22
110 0.66 0.51 0.45 0.34
174 0.86 0.67 0.58 0.44
220 0.98 0.76 0.65 0.50
300 1.13 0.89 0.76 0.59
350 1.23 0.97 0.83 0.65
400 1.32 1.05 0.88 0.70
450 1.40 1.12 0.95 0.75
550 1.56 1.26 1.06 0.84
600 1.64 1.31 1.10 0.89
750 1.85 1.49 1.24 1.01
865 2.00 1.62 1.33 1.11
1000 2.17 1.75 1.44 1.20
Loop Resistance at 68º F (Ohms/1000 feet)3,4
CA 1.61 0.997 0.724 0.42
SC 1.26 0.798 0.568 —

1 Contact manufacturer for latest information.

2 To obtain loss in dB/100 m, multiply by 3.281.
3 To obtain resistance in Ohms/1000 m, multiply by 3.281.
4 CA = Copper-Clad Aluminum
SC = Solid Copper

16
Comm/Scope PARAMETER III
Frequency Series
(MHz) 500 625 750 875 1000
Maximum Loss at 68º F (dB/100 ft)1
5 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.08
30 0.40 0.32 0.26 0.23 0.21
40 0.46 0.39 0.31 0.26 0.24
50 0.52 0.42 0.35 0.30 0.27
110 0.76 0.63 0.52 0.45 0.41
174 0.98 0.83 0.67 0.59 0.56
220 1.11 0.94 0.76 0.67 0.62
300 1.31 1.08 0.89 0.78 0.72
350 1.43 1.18 0.97 0.84 0.78
400 1.53 1.27 1.05 0.91 0.84
450 1.63 1.35 1.12 0.97 0.90
550 1.82 1.50 1.24 1.08 1.01
600 1.91 1.59 1.31 1.14 1.06
750 2.16 1.78 1.48 1.29 1.21
865 2.34 1.93 1.61 1.41 1.34
1000 2.52 2.07 1.74 1.53 1.44
Loop Resistance at 68º F (Ohms/1000 feet)2,3
CA 1.72 1.10 0.76 0.55 0.40
SC 1.20 0.79 0.56 0.41 —

1 To obtain loss in dB/100 m, multiply by 3.281.

2 To obtain resistance in Ohms/1000 m, multiply by 3.281.
3 CA = Copper-Clad Aluminum
SC = Solid Copper

17
Times Fiber Communications T10
Frequency Series
(MHz) 500 625 750 875 1000
Maximum Loss at 68º F (dB/100 ft)1
5 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.08
30 0.40 0.32 0.27 0.23 0.21
40 0.47 0.38 0.31 0.27 0.24
50 0.52 0.42 0.35 0.30 0.27
110 0.78 0.64 0.52 0.45 0.41
174 0.99 0.82 0.68 0.58 0.54
220 1.11 0.92 0.76 0.66 0.60
300 1.31 1.08 0.89 0.78 0.72
350 1.43 1.18 0.97 0.84 0.78
400 1.53 1.27 1.05 0.91 0.84
450 1.63 1.35 1.12 0.97 0.90
550 1.82 1.51 1.25 1.09 1.01
600 1.91 1.58 1.31 1.14 1.06
750 2.16 1.79 1.48 1.29 1.21
865 2.33 1.94 1.60 1.40 1.32
1000 2.53 2.11 1.74 1.53 1.44
Loop Resistance at 68º F (Ohms/1000 feet)2,3
CA 1.70 1.10 0.75 0.55 0.41
SC — — — — —

1 To obtain loss in dB/100 m, multiply by 3.281.

2 To obtain resistance in Ohms/1000 m, multiply by 3.281.
3 CA = Copper-Clad Aluminum
SC = Solid Copper

18
Times Fiber Communications TX10
Frequency Series
(MHz) 565 700 840 1160
Maximum Loss at 68º F (dB/100 ft)1
5 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.07
30 0.34 0.27 0.23 0.17
40 0.40 0.31 0.27 0.20
50 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.22
110 0.67 0.52 0.45 0.34
174 0.85 0.68 0.58 0.44
220 0.96 0.77 0.66 0.49
300 1.13 0.90 0.77 0.59
350 1.23 0.98 0.84 0.65
400 1.32 1.05 0.91 0.70
450 1.40 1.12 0.87 0.75
550 1.56 1.25 1.09 0.84
600 1.64 1.31 1.14 0.93
750 1.85 1.49 1.30 1.01
865 2.00 1.61 1.40 1.10
1000 2.17 1.75 1.53 1.20
Loop Resistance at 68º F (Ohms/1000 feet)2,3
CA 1.30 0.85 0.60 0.30
SC — — — —

1 To obtain loss in dB/100 m, multiply by 3.281.

2 To obtain resistance in Ohms/1000 m, multiply by 3.281.
3 CA = Copper-Clad Aluminum
SC = Solid Copper

19
 2
Trilogy Communications MC
Frequency Series
(MHz) 440 500 650 750 1000
Maximum Loss at 68º F (dB/100 ft)1
5 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.10 0.07
30 0.41 0.35 0.28 0.25 0.18
40 0.47 0.41 0.32 0.29 0.21
50 0.53 0.46 0.36 0.32 0.23
110 0.79 0.68 0.53 0.47 0.35
174 1.01 0.86 0.69 0.60 0.45
220 1.13 0.97 0.78 0.67 0.50
300 1.33 1.14 0.91 0.79 0.60
350 1.44 1.23 0.99 0.86 0.65
400 1.54 1.32 1.06 0.91 0.70
450 1.64 1.40 1.13 0.97 0.74
550 1.81 1.55 1.25 1.08 0.78
600 1.90 1.63 1.34 1.11 0.82
750 2.12 1.83 1.50 1.25 0.97
865 2.31 1.99 1.64 1.36 1.07
1000 2.49 2.15 1.77 1.47 1.16
Loop Resistance at 68º F (Ohms/1000 feet)2,3
CA 2.04 1.57 1.01 0.73 0.41
SC — — — — —

1 To obtain loss in dB/100 m, multiply by 3.281.

2 To obtain resistance in Ohms/1000 m, multiply by 3.281.
3 CA = Copper-Clad Aluminum
SC = Solid Copper

20
Comm/Scope Drop Cable

Frequency Series
(MHz) 59 Foam 6 Foam 7 Foam 11 Foam
Maximum Loss at 68º F (dB/100 ft) 1

5 0.86 0.58 0.47 0.38

30 1.51 1.18 0.92 0.71
40 1.74 1.37 1.06 0.82
50 1.95 1.53 1.19 0.92
110 2.82 2.24 1.73 1.36
174 3.47 2.75 2.14 1.72
220 3.88 3.11 2.41 1.96
300 4.45 3.55 2.82 2.25
350 4.80 3.85 3.05 2.42
400 5.10 4.15 3.27 2.60
450 5.40 4.40 3.46 2.75
550 5.95 4.90 3.85 3.04
600 6.20 5.10 4.05 3.18
750 6.97 5.65 4.57 3.65
865 7.52 6.10 4.93 3.98

1 To obtain loss in dB/100 m, multiply by 3.281.

21
Slope vs Cable
22
 Cable Loss Ratio1
MHz 5 30 40 55 108 181 300 350 400 450 550 600 750 865 1000
5 1.00 2.50 2.83 3.43 4.89 6.45 8.49 9.24 9.95 10.63 11.90 12.50 14.20 15.42 16.78
30 0.40 1.00 1.17 1.37 1.96 2.58 3.40 3.70 3.98 4.25 4.76 5.00 5.68 6.17 6.71
40 0.34 0.86 1.00 1.17 1.68 2.20 2.91 3.17 3.41 3.64 4.07 4.28 4.87 5.28 5.75
55 0.29 0.73 0.85 1.00 1.43 1.88 2.48 2.70 2.91 3.10 3.47 3.65 4.15 4.50 4.90
108 0.20 0.51 0.60 0.70 1.00 1.32 1.74 1.89 2.04 2.17 2.43 2.56 2.91 3.15 3.43
181 0.16 0.39 0.45 0.53 0.76 1.00 1.32 1.43 1.54 1.65 1.85 1.94 2.20 2.39 2.60
300 0.12 0.29 0.34 0.40 0.58 0.76 1.00 1.09 1.17 1.25 1.40 1.47 1.67 1.82 1.98
23

350 0.11 0.27 0.32 0.37 0.53 0.70 0.92 1.00 1.08 1.15 1.29 1.35 1.54 1.67 1.82
400 0.10 0.25 0.29 0.34 0.49 0.65 0.85 0.93 1.00 1.07 1.20 1.26 1.43 1.55 1.69
450 0.09 0.24 0.27 0.32 0.46 0.61 0.80 0.87 0.94 1.00 1.12 1.18 1.34 1.45 1.58
550 0.08 0.21 0.25 0.29 0.41 0.54 0.71 0.78 0.84 0.89 1.00 1.05 1.19 1.30 1.14
600 0.08 0.20 0.23 0.27 0.39 0.52 0.68 0.74 0.80 0.85 0.95 1.00 1.14 1.23 1.34
750 0.07 0.18 0.20 0.24 0.34 0.45 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.84 0.88 1.00 1.09 1.18
865 0.06 0.16 0.15 0.22 0.32 0.42 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.69 0.77 0.81 0.92 1.00 1.09
1000 0.06 0.15 0.17 0.20 0.29 0.38 0.51 0.55 0.59 0.63 0.71 0.75 0.85 0.92 1.00

1 Based on 0.750” cable data.

Example: Cable loss @450 MHz is 20 dB. What is loss @55 MHz? Answer: 20 x 0.32 dB = 6.40 dB
 Cable and Equalizer Formulas
Cable Loss Ratio
The ratio of cable attenuation at two frequencies is
approximately equal to the square root of the ratio of the
two frequencies.

f1 also see page 23

Cable Loss Ratio =
f2

Example: Approximate the cable loss at 55 MHz when the

loss at 450 MHz is 20 dB:
55
Attenuation at 55 MHz = 20 = 6.99 dB
450
Tilt to Cable Loss
To convert tilt (differential in signal level between end
frequencies of the cable bandpass) to cable loss at the
higher frequency:

Tilt(dB) also see page 22

dB of Cable =
f
1- 1
f2
Example: Calculate the cable loss at 450 MHz when the
tilt is 12 dB between 55 MHz and 450 MHz:

12
dB of Cable = = 18.45 dB
55
1-
450

24
Equalizer Loss
Use the following formula to calculate equalizer loss at any
frequency:
 f  
Loss at f1 = Eq Value -  Eq Value 1  − 1
  f  
 2  
Example: Calculate the loss at 55 MHz of an equalizer for
20 dB of cable at 450 MHz:
 55  
Loss at 55 MHz = 20 -  20 − 1 = 14.01 dB
 450  
 

Cable Attenuation vs Temperature

Cable attenuation at temperature (t) is given by:
Att at °F = Att at 68°F[1 + 0.0011 (t - 68)]
Att at °C = Att at 20°C[1 + 0.002 (t - 20)]

Example: Calculate the loss at –20°F of 20 dB of cable:

Att at - 20°F = Att at 20°F[1 + 0.0011 (-20 - 68)] = 18.06 dB

Loop Resistance vs Temperature

Cable loop resistance at temperature (t) is given by:
R at °F = R at 68°F[1 + 0.0022 (t - 68)]
R at °C = R at 20°C[1 + 0.004 (t - 20)]

Example: Calculate the loop resistance at 120°F when the

resistance at 68°F is 3 Ohms:
R at 120°F = 3 [1 + 0.0022 (120 - 68 )] = 3.34 Ohms

25
Fiber Loss vs Path Length
(fiber only)
26
dBm to Milliwatt Conversion
27
 Optical Coupler Specifications

Tap Loss Insertion Loss

Model Maximum Typical Maximum Typical Delta1
AM-DC 50 3.7 3.2 3.7 3.2 0.0
AM-DC 55 4.1 3.7 3.2 2.8 0.9
AM-DC 60 4.7 4.2 2.8 2.4 1.8
AM-DC 65 5.3 4.7 2.4 2.0 2.7
AM-DC 70 6.1 5.5 2.0 1.6 3.9
AM-DC 75 6.8 6.3 1.7 1.5 4.8
AM-DC 80 7.8 7.3 1.4 1.2 6.1
AM-DC 85 9.1 8.4 1.1 1.0 7.4
AM-DC 90 11.2 10.5 0.8 0.7 9.8
AM-DC 95 15.5 14.0 0.6 0.4 13.6

1 Delta is the difference in loss between the two output ports.

Physical Characteristics
Fiber pigtail length 1.0 m (3.3 ft)
Body length 150.0 mm (6 in)
Diameter 15.0 mm (0.6 in)

Optical Specifications
Spectral range 1310 or 1550 nm
Optical return loss 55 dB (min)
Directivity 55 dB (min)
Temperature range –40 to 185°F (–40 to 85°C)

28
 Optical Fiber Color Code
Position Color Position Color
1 Blue 13 Blue w/black tracer
2 Orange 14 Orange w/black tracer
3 Green 15 Green w/black tracer
4 Brown 16 Brown w/black tracer
5 Slate 17 Slate w/black tracer
6 White 18 White w/black tracer
7 Red 19 Red w/black tracer
8 Black 20 Black w/yellow tracer
9 Yellow 21 Yellow w/black tracer
10 Violet 22 Violet w/black tracer
11 Rose 23 Rose w/black tracer
12 Aqua 24 Aqua w/black tracer

29
 Digital Transmission Standards
North American Standard
Level Bit Rate Notes
DS-0 64 Kbps Single digital voice circuit, including ISDN
DS-1 1.544 Mbps 24 DS-0s make up a DS-1. Also called T-1
DS-1C 3.152 Mbps 2 DS-1 plus additional overhead
DS-2 6.312 Mbps Composite of 4 DS-1s or 96 DS-0s
DS-3 44.736 Mbps Composite of 28 DS-1s or 672 DS-0s
DS-4 274.176 Mbps Equal to 6 DS-3s or 4096 DS-0s
European Standard
Level Bit Rate Notes
E-0 64 Kbps Equivalent to DS-0
E-1 2.048 Mbps 30 E-0s combined make up an E-1
E-2 8.448 Mbps Equivalent to 4 DS-1s or 128 DS-0s
E-3 34.368 Mbps Equivalent to 16 DS-1s or 512 DS-0s
E-4 139.264 Mbps Equivalent to 64 DS-1s or 2048 DS-0s
SONET/SDH
Level Bit Rate Notes
OC-1 51.840 Mbps The basic signal is STS-1/OC-1.
(672 Voice Channels)
OC-3 155.520 Mbps Three STS-1s (STS-3)
OC-3C 155.250 Mbps Three concatenated STS-1s
(149 Mbps Payload)
OC-12 622.080 Mbps Twelve STS-1s (STS-12)
OC-48 2488.320 Mbps Forty-eight STS-1s (STS-48)
OC-96 4976.640Mbps Ninety-six STS-1s (STS-96)
OC-192 9953.280 Mbps One hundred ninety-two STS-1s (STS-192)

SONET: Synchronous Optical Network OC-* Optical Component - Level

SDH: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy STS-* Synchronous Transport
ISDN: Integrated Service Signal - Level
Digital Network

30
Measuring Digital Carrier Signals
The following procedures assume basic knowledge of
spectrum analyzer operation. Also refer to the operating
manual for the spectrum analyzer in use. Although
several methods are available to measure digital signals,
the following procedure applies to most analyzers.

Digital Channel Power

1 Spectrum Analyzer Setup: The analyzer should be set
in the Spectrum Analyzer mode. Adjust the display,
including the center frequency, amplitude reference,
and span so that the signal occupies approximately 8
divisions horizontally and is within one vertical division
of the reference line. The Resolution Bandwidth
should be adjusted to 300 kHz or less. Enable Video
Averaging and use the SMPL Detector mode if
applicable to the analyzer in use. Video Filtering or
the Video Averaging, as appropriate for the analyzer,
will smooth the display and aid in making a
measurement and therefore should be enabled.
2 Move the marker to the center of the displayed signal
and record the indicated level.
3 The measurement must be corrected for the
difference in bandwidth between the analyzer
resolution bandwidth and the occupied bandwidth of
the signal under test. Refer to the bandwidth
correction factor table or calculate the factor:
Bandwidth (BW) Correction = 10 X log10 (Signal BW / Resolution BW)

31
The total channel power is the sum of the marker
amplitude and the bandwidth correction. Note that some
analyzers require an additional 2dB correction when
measuring noise-like signals.
Total channel power = marker amplitude + bandwidth
correction + analyzer correction*.
*Analyzers that include a true RMS detection mode do not
require the additional correction factor of 2 dB.

Digital Carrier/Noise Measurement

1 Measure the digital signal using the analyzer's normal
marker and record this value.
2 Move the marker to an adjacent clear frequency and
measure the noise. The indicated noise is the sum of
analyzer noise plus the system noise.
3 Remove the analyzer input or preamp input, if used,
terminate, and observe the reduction in indicated
noise. Refer to the graph on page 71 and correct the
measurement in step 2 for the true noise level.
4 The carrier/noise ratio is the difference between the
signal measured in step 1 and the noise, measured in
step 2, plus the correction for analyzer's noise as
determined in step 3.

32
 Digital Signal Formats and
1
Occupied Bandwidth
Data Symbol Occupied
Rate2 Rate BW
Service Modulation (Mb/s) (Ms/s) (MHz)
Satellite 24 MHz BW QPSK 39.02 19.51 19.51
Satellite 36 MHz BW QPSK 58.53 29.27 29.27
OM-1000 QPSK 2.048 1.024 1.200
IRT-1000/2000 64 QAM 30.34 5.057 5.057
IRT-1000/2000 256 QAM 42.88 5.361 5.361
Surfboard, SB7100 64 QAM 30.34 5.057 5.057
Music Choice QPSK 0.694 0.347 0.347

1 Occupied bandwidth at -3 dB points

2 Including overhead

33
 Bandwidth Correction Factors1
Analyzer Resolution Bandwidth vs. Channel Bandwidth

Channel Analyzer Resolution Bandwidth

Bandwidth 1 Hz2 30 kHz 100 kHz 300 kHz
192 kHz 52.83 8.06 2.83 0.00
200 kHz 53.01 8.24 3.01 0.00
347 kHz 55.40 10.63 5.40 0.63
1.000MHz 60.00 15.23 10.00 5.23
1.200MHz 60.79 16.02 10.79 6.02
2.000MHz 63.01 18.24 13.01 8.24
3.000MHz 64.77 20.00 14.77 10.00
4.000MHz 66.02 21.25 16.02 11.25
4.200MHz 66.23 21.46 16.23 11.46
5.057MHz 67.04 22.27 17.04 12.27
5.361MHz 67.29 22.52 17.29 12.52
6.040MHz 67.81 23.04 17.81 13.04
6.952MHz 68.42 23.65 18.42 13.65
19.510MHz 72.90 28.13 22.90 18.13
29.265MHz 74.66 29.89 24.66 19.89

1 This table provides the signal level correction factor for the
difference in occupied bandwidth vs. spectrum analyzer resolution
bandwidth. Add the listed correction to the level indicated by the
analyzer. It does not include the 2 dB correction required by some
analyzers when measuring noise-like signals.
2 1 Hertz resolution bandwidth is provided by the Noise Marker of
the spectrum analyzer and does not require the 2 dB correction for
noise-like signals.

34
 RF Levels for 64 and 256 QAM
Signals
To minimize impact on the RF plant, levels must be set
properly when adding 256 QAM signals to an RF plant
already carrying 64 QAM digital signals.
If the plant conditions listed below are met, digital signals
can be placed at -6 dBc for 256 QAM and -10 dBc for
64 QAM, relative to analog carriers.
The required plant conditions are:
Analog C/N 43 dB (per FCC Part 76)
CSO/CTB 51 dB (per FCC Part 76)
RF Ingress -53 dBc
Reflections < -10 dB at <= 0.5 µsec
< -15 dB at <= 1.0 µsec
< -20 dB at <= 1.5 µsec
< -30 dB at <= 4.5 µsec
< -40 dB at > 4.5 µsec

35
 Addressing Schemes and
Protocols
IP Address Classes

bits
0 8 16 24 31
Class A 0 netid hostid

Class B 1 0 netid hostid

Class C 1 1 0 netid hostid

Class D 1 1 1 0 multicast address

Class E 1 1 1 1 0 reserved for future use

TCP Segment Format

bits
1 1 2 2 2 3
0 4 8 2 6 0 4 8 1
1 Source Port Destination Port
2 Sequence Number
3 Acknowledgment Number
Header
Words

4 Offset Reserved Flags Window

5 Checksum Urgent Pointer
6 Options Padding
Data starts here

36
IP Datagram Format

bits
1 1 2 2 2 3
0 4 8 2 6 0 4 8 1
1 Version HL Type of Service Total Length
2 Identification Flags Fragmentation Offset
3 Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum

Header
Words

4 Source Address
5 Destination Address
6 Options Padding
Data starts here

UDP Message Format

bits
0 16 31
Source Port Destination Port
Length Checksum
Data starts here

37
 Constellation Diagrams
QPSK Constellation
90°

Carrier 01 11
Bits Phase
0 0 225°
0 1 135°
1 0 315°
1 1 45° 180° 0°

00 10

270°

8PSK Constellation

90° 67.5°
101 111
Carrier
Bits Phase 22.5°
0 0 0 202.5° 001 011
0 0 1 157.5°
0 1 0 337.5°
0 1 1 22.5° 180° 0°
1 0 0 247.5°
1 0 1 112.5°
1 1 0 292.5° 000 010
1 1 1 67.5°

100 110
270°

38
16QAM Constellation

90°

75° 45°
1101 0101 0111 1111

15°
1001 1011
0001 0011
180° 0°
0000 0010
1000 1010

1100 0100 0110 1110

270°

Carrier
Bits Phase Amplitude
0 0 0 0 225° 0.268
0 0 0 1 135° 0.268
0 0 1 0 315° 0.268
0 0 1 1 45° 0.268
0 1 0 0 255° 0.732
0 1 0 1 105° 0.732
0 1 1 0 285° 0.732
0 1 1 1 75° 0.732
1 0 0 0 195° 0.732
1 0 0 1 165° 0.732
1 0 1 0 345° 0.732
1 0 1 1 15° 0.732
1 1 0 0 225° 1.0
1 1 0 1 135° 1.0
1 1 1 0 315° 1.0
1 1 1 1 45° 1.0

39
Amplifier Tilt Worksheet
40
Amplifier Tilt – 750 MHz
41
Amplifier Tilt – 860 MHz
42
 System Calculations
Decibel
The decibel is a logarithmic ratio between two power
levels:
P 
dB power = 10 log10  1 

 P2 

Rule: 3 dB is twice the power, and 10 dB is 10 times the

power.
A voltage ratio for equal impedance is expressed as:
E 
dBvoltage = 20 log10  1 
 E2 

Rule: 6 dB is twice the voltage, and 20 dB is 10 times the

voltage. Increasing the voltage by a factor of 1.4 (3 dB)
doubles the power (3 dB).
Voltage measurements can be made by using a reference
level:
 E 
0 dBmV = 20 log10  
 1 mV 
Rule: 40 dB (20 + 20) is 100 times the voltage (10 x 10).
Signal level measurements in other countries use a
1 microvolt reference:
 E 
0 dBµV = 20 log10  
 1µV 
Rule: The difference between dBmV and dBµV is 60 dB
(0 dBmV equals 60 dBµV).

43
Carrier/Noise Ratio (C/N)
C/N at the output of a single amplifier when the noise
figure (NF) is known:
C / N0 = Output Level - (-59.2 + NF + Gain)

To sum identical carrier/noise ratios:

C /NS = C / N − 10 log10 N

To sum differing carrier/noise ratios:

 −C / N1 − C / N2 −C / Nn 
C / N S = −10 log10  10 10 + 10 10 + K + 10 10 + 
 
 

Carrier/noise ratio vs bandwidth:

 Bandwidthref 
? C/N = 10 log10  

 Bandwidthnew 

C/N = carrier to noise expressed as a positive number

N = number of equal contributors
NF = noise figure
G = gain
–59.2 = thermal noise in 4 MHz bandwidth (dBmV)
Rule: Single amplifier C/N improves by 1 dB with every
1 dB increase in the input signal level.
Rule: Total C/N worsens by 3 dB with every double in the
number of amplifiers with identical C/N.

44
Cross Modulation Ratio (XM)
XM at the output of a single amplifier operating at a given
output level:
XM = XMref −2(Output Level - Reference Level)

To sum identical cross modulation ratios:

XMS = XM − 20 log10N

To sum differing cross modulation ratios:

 − XM1 − XM2 − XMn 
XM S = −20 log10  10 20 + 10 20 + L + 10 20 


 

Cross modulation vs channel loading:

 Channel Loadref − 1 
? XM = 20 log10  

 Channel Loadnew − 1 

XM = cross modulation expressed as a positive number.

Rule: Single amplifier XM improves by 2 dB with every
1 dB decrease in the output signal level.
Rule: Total XM worsens by 6 dB with every double in the
number of amplifiers with identical XM.

45
Carrier/Composite Triple Beat Ratio (CTB)
CTB at the output of a single amplifier operating at a given
output level:
CTB = CTBref −2(Output Level - Reference Level)

To sum identical composite triple beat ratios:

CTB S = CTB − 20 log10 N

To sum differing composite triple beat ratios:

 −CTB1 − CTB2 − CTBn 

CTBS = −20 log10  10 20 + 10 20 + L + 10 20 


 
Composite triple beat vs channel loading:
 Number of Beats ref 
? CTB = 20 log10  

 Number of Beats new 

See page 69 to obtain the number of beats.

CTB = composite triple beat expressed as a positive
number.
Rule: Single amplifier CTB improves by 2 dB with every
1 dB decrease in the output signal level,
Rule: Total CTB worsens by 6 dB, with every double in the
number of amplifiers with identical CTB.

46
Carrier/Single Second Order Ratio (SSO)
SSO at the output of a single amplifier operating at a given
output level:
SSO = SSO ref −(Output Level - Reference Level)

To sum identical single second order ratios:

SSOS = SSO − 15 log10N

To sum differing single second order ratios:

 −SSO1 − SSO 2 −SSO n 
SSOS = −15 log10  10 15 + 10 15 + L + 10 15 


 

SSO = single second order expressed as a positive

number.
Rule: Single amplifier SSO improves by 1 dB with every
1 dB decrease in the output signal level.

47
Carrier/Composite Second Order Ratio (CSO)
CSO at the output of a single amplifier operating at a given
output level:
CSO = CSO ref − (Output Level - Reference Level)

To sum identical composite second order ratios:

CSO S = CSO − 15 log 10 N

To sum differing composite second order ratios:

 −CSO1 − CSO 2 − CSOn 
CSOS = −15 log10  10 15 + 10 15 + L + 10 15 


 

Composite second order vs channel loading:

 Number of Beatsref 
? CSO = 10 log10  

 Number of Beatsnew 

See page 69 to obtain the number of beats.

CSO = composite second order expressed as a positive
number.
Rule: Single amplifier CSO improves by 1 dB with every
1 dB decrease in the output signal level.

48
Carrier/Composite Intermodulation Noise
Ratio (CIN)
It is assumed that CIN is dominated by 3rd order distortion
(CIN3). This is the case in systems with analog television
channels to 550 MHz and digital video above 550 MHz.

CIN at the output of a single amplifier operating at a given

output level:
CIN = CIN ref −2(Output Level - Reference Level)

To sum identical composite intermodulation noise ratios:

CIN S = CIN − 20 log10 N

To sum differing composite second order ratios:

 −CIN1 − CIN2 −CINn 
CINS = −20 log10  10 20 + 10 20 + L + 10 20 


 

To sum C/N and CIN:

 −C / N − CIN 
C / NS = -10 log10  10 10 + 10 10 
 
 

CIN = composite intermodulation noise expressed as a

positive number.
Rule: CIN behaves like CTB in a cascade of amplifiers,
but it adds to the C/N.
Rule: Total CIN worsens by 6 dB, with every double in
the number of amplifiers with identical CIN.

49
Carrier/Hum Modulation Ratio (C/H)
These calculations assume that all system power supplies
are connected to the same power line phase.
To sum identical carrier/hum ratios:
C / H S = C / H − 20 log10 N

To sum differing carrier/hum ratios:

 −C / H1 − C / H2 −C / Hn 
C / H S = −20 log10  10 20 + 10 20 + L + 10 20 


 

To convert percent hum to C/H:

 %Hum 
C / H = −20 log10  
 100 

To convert C/H to percent hum:

 −C / H 
%Hum = 100 10 20 
 
 

C/H = Carrier to hum expressed as a positive number

50
 Power Addition (Noise)
dB 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90
0 3.01 2.96 2.91 2.86 2.81 2.77 2.72 2.67 2.63 2.58
1 2.54 2.50 2.45 2.41 2.37 2.32 2.28 2.24 2.20 2.16
2 2.12 2.09 2.05 2.01 1.97 1.94 1.90 1.87 1.83 1.80
3 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.48
4 1.46 1.43 1.40 1.37 1.35 1.32 1.29 1.27 1.24 1.22
5 1.19 1.17 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.01 0.99
6 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.81
7 0.79 0.77 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.65
8 0.64 0.63 0.61 0.60 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.53
9 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.42
10 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.34
11 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.27
12 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22
13 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17
14 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14
15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11
16 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
17 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
18 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
19 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04
20 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

Example: The difference between two noise sources is

3.5 dB. What is the sum of the two?
Answer: Look up 3.5 dB and find 1.6 dB. Add 1.6 dB to
the greater of the two sources to obtain the sum.

51
 Voltage Addition (CTB and XM)
dB 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90
0 6.02 5.97 5.92 5.87 5.82 5.77 5.73 5.68 5.63 5.58
1 5.53 5.49 5.44 5.39 5.35 5.30 5.26 5.21 5.17 5.12
2 5.08 5.03 4.99 4.95 4.90 4.86 4.82 4.78 4.73 4.69
3 4.65 4.61 4.57 4.53 4.49 4.45 4.41 4.37 4.33 4.29
4 4.25 4.21 4.17 4.13 4.10 4.06 4.02 3.98 3.95 3.91
5 3.88 3.84 3.80 3.77 3.73 3.70 3.66 3.63 3.60 3.56
6 3.53 3.50 3.46 3.43 3.40 3.36 3.33 3.30 3.27 3.24
7 3.21 3.18 3.15 3.12 3.09 3.06 3.03 3.00 2.97 2.94
8 2.91 2.88 2.85 2.83 2.80 2.77 2.74 2.72 2.69 2.66
9 2.64 2.61 2.59 2.56 2.53 2.51 2.48 2.46 2.44 2.41
10 2.39 2.36 2.34 2.32 2.29 2.27 2.25 2.22 2.20 2.18
11 2.16 2.13 2.11 2.09 2.07 2.05 2.03 2.01 1.99 1.97
12 1.95 1.93 1.91 1.89 1.87 1.85 1.83 1.81 1.79 1.77
13 1.75 1.74 1.72 1.70 1.68 1.67 1.65 1.63 1.61 1.60
14 1.58 1.56 1.55 1.53 1.51 1.50 1.48 1.47 1.45 1.44
15 1.42 1.41 1.39 1.38 1.36 1.35 1.33 1.32 1.31 1.29
16 1.28 1.26 1.25 1.24 1.22 1.21 1.20 1.19 1.17 1.16
17 1.15 1.14 1.12 1.11 1.10 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.04
18 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.93
19 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.86 0.85 0.84
20 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.77 0.76 0.75

Example: The difference between two triple beat sources

is 7.7 dB. What is the sum of the two?
Answer: Look up 7.7 dB and find 3.0 dB. Add 3.0 dB to
the greater of the two sources to obtain the sum.

52
 Amplifier Cascade Factor
Cascade (N) 10 log(N) 15 log(N) 20 log(N)
1 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 3.01 4.52 6.02
3 4.77 7.16 9.54
4 6.02 9.03 12.04
5 6.99 10.48 13.98
6 7.78 11.67 15.56
7 8.45 12.68 16.90
8 9.03 13.55 18.06
9 9.54 14.31 19.08
10 10.00 15.00 20.00
11 10.41 15.62 20.83
12 10.79 16.19 21.58
13 11.14 16.71 22.28
14 11.46 17.19 22.92
15 11.76 17.64 23.52
16 12.04 18.06 24.08
17 12.30 18.46 24.61
18 12.55 18.83 25.11
19 12.79 19.18 25.58
20 13.01 19.52 26.02
21 13.22 19.83 26.44
22 13.42 20.14 26.85
23 13.62 20.43 27.23
24 13.80 20.70 27.60
25 13.98 20.97 27.96

Use 10 log(N) for C/N

Use 15 log(N) for CSO and SSO
Use 20 log(N) for XM and CTB

53
 Return Loss
RL (dB) VSWR
0
30.00
10.00  SWR − 1 
6.00 RL(dB) = 20 log10  
 SWR + 1 
4.00
-5
3.00
2.50  % Re flection 
RL(dB) = 20 log10  
2.00  100 
-10
1.70
1.60 Z75 + Z X
1.50 RL(dB) = 20 log10
-15 Z 75 − Z X
1.40
In a 75 - Ohm transmission line
1.30

-20  SWR − 1 
1.20 % Re flection = 100  
 SWR + 1 
1.15
-25
Emax
1.10 SWR =
Emin
1.08
-30
1.06 RL
1.05 10 20 + 1
SWR = RL
1.04
-35 10 20 − 1
1.03

-40 1.02

54
 Conversion Factors
Degrees – Fahrenheit to Celsius

°F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
–40 –40.0 –40.6 –41.1 –41.7 –42.2 –42.8 –43.3 –43.9 –44.4 –45.0
–30 –34.4 –35.0 –35.6 –36.1 –36.7 –37.2 –37.8 –38.3 –38.9 –39.4
–20 –28.9 –29.4 –30.0 –30.6 –31.1 –31.7 –32.2 –32.8 –33.3 –33.9
–10 –23.3 –23.9 –24.4 –25.0 –25.6 –26.1 –26.7 –27.2 –27.8 –28.3
0 –17.8 –18.3 –18.9 –19.4 –20.0 –20.6 –21.1 –21.7 –22.2 –22.8

0 –17.8 –17.2 –16.7 –16.1 –15.6 –15.0 –14.4 –13.9 –13.3 –12.8
10 –12.2 –11.7 –11.1 –10.6 –10.0 –9.4 –8.9 –8.3 –7.8 –7.2
20 –6.7 –6.1 –5.6 –5.0 –4.4 –3.9 –3.3 –2.8 –2.2 –1.7
30 –1.1 –0.6 0.0 0.6 1.1 1.7 2.2 2.8 3.3 3.9
40 4.4 5.0 5.6 6.1 6.7 7.2 7.8 8.3 8.9 9.4
50 10.0 10.6 11.1 11.7 12.2 12.8 13.3 13.9 14.4 15.0
60 15.6 16.1 16.7 17.2 17.8 18.3 18.9 19.4 20.0 20.6
70 21.1 21.7 22.2 22.8 23.3 23.9 24.4 25.0 25.6 26.1
80 26.7 27.2 27.8 28.3 28.9 29.4 30.0 30.6 31.1 31.7
90 32.2 32.8 33.3 33.9 34.4 35.0 35.6 36.1 36.7 37.2
100 37.8 38.3 38.9 39.4 40.0 40.6 41.1 41.7 42.2 42.8
110 43.3 43.9 44.4 45.0 45.6 46.1 46.7 47.2 47.8 48.3
120 48.9 49.4 50.0 50.6 51.1 51.7 52.2 52.8 53.3 53.9
130 54.4 55.0 55.6 56.1 56.7 57.2 57.8 58.3 58.9 59.4
140 60.0 60.6 61.1 61.7 62.2 62.8 63.3 63.9 64.4 65.0
150 65.6 66.1 66.7 67.2 67.8 68.3 68.9 69.4 70.0 70.6
160 71.1 71.7 72.2 72.8 73.3 73.9 74.4 75.0 75.6 76.1
170 76.7 77.2 77.8 78.3 78.9 79.4 80.0 80.6 81.1 81.7
180 82.2 82.8 83.3 83.9 84.4 85.0 85.6 86.1 86.7 87.2
190 87.8 88.3 88.9 89.4 90.0 90.6 91.1 91.7 92.2 92.8

55
Linear Measure

1 mile = 5280 feet

1 mile = 1.60935 kilometers
1 kilometer = 3280.83 feet
1 kilometer = 0.621 miles
1 kilometer = 1000 meters
1 meter = 39.37 inches
1 meter = 3.281 feet
1 meter = 100 centimeters
1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
1 centimeter = 0.394 inches
1 millimeter = 1000 microns
1 micron = 1000 nanometers
1 foot = 30.48 centimeters
1 inch = 25.4 millimeters
1 inch = 1000 mils
1 mil = 25.4 microns
1 micron = 0.03937 mils
1 yard = 36 inches

56
Volume

1 cubic yard = 27 cubic feet

1 cubic inch = 16.38716 cubic centimeters
1 cubic meter = 1.307943 cubic yards
1 US gallon = 3.7853 liters
1 US gallon = 128 fluid ounces
1 US gallon = 0.8327 Imperial gallons
1 liter = 61.025 cubic inches
1 liter = 1000 cubic centimeters

Weight

1 pound = 16 ounces
1 pound = 453.592 grams
1 kilogram = 2.20462 pounds
1 kilogram = 1000 grams
1 ton = 2000 pounds
1 ton = 907.185 kilograms
1 metric ton = 2205 pounds

Signal Levels

0 dBm = 48.75 dBmV (75 Ohms)

0 dBW = 78.75 dBmV (75 Ohms)
0 dBmV = 60 dBµV

57
Miscellaneous
1 Watt/hour = 3.415 Btu
1 horsepower = 746 Watts
1 atmosphere = 14.6 pounds/square inch
1 N•m = 1.3558 ft-lbs
1 ft-lb = 0.7376 N•m
1 psi = 0.145 kPa
1 kPa = 6.895 psi
°Fahrenheit = (9/5 x °C) + 32
°Celsius = 5/9 x (°F – 32)

Prefixes

milli (m) = 1/1000

micro (µ) = 1/1,000,000
nano (n) = 1/1,000,000,000
pico (p) = 1/1,000,000,000,000
kilo (k) = 1000
mega (M) = 1,000,000
giga (G) = 1,000,000,000

58
 Wavelength and Antennas
Vertical Antenna Separation
Antennas for differing frequencies mounted on a common
mast should be separated by at least the length of the
longest element of the largest antenna.

Wavelength
Wavelength in inches is given by:
11,811
λ=
f (MHz )

Quarter Wave Whip Antenna

The approximate length in inches is:
λ 2,775
=
4 f (MHz)

Distance to Horizon
Distance to horizon over a smooth earth is:
Optical : D = 1.23 H
Radio : D = 1.41 H
D = distance in miles; H = observation height in feet

Velocity of Propagation
In free space RF propagates at approximately
186,000 mi/sec or 982 ft/µsec. To find the velocity in
cable, use the multiplier given for the cable.

59
 Ohms Law
Ohms Law for dc Circuits
Known To Determine Value of:
Values I R E P
2
I and R — — IxR I xR
I and E — E/I — ExI
2
I and P — P/I P/I —
2
R and E E/R — — E /R
R and P —
P/R — P×R —
2
E and P P/E E /P — —

I = current in Amperes E = potential difference in Volts

R = resistance in Ohms P = power in Watts

Resistors in series: R T = R1 + R 2

R1×R 2
Two resistors in parallel: R T =
R1 + R 2

More than two resistors in parallel:

1
RT =
1 1 1
+ +L+
R1 R 2 Rn

True Power (W)

Power factor: pf =
Apparent Power (E × I)

60
 Signal Leakage Limits
(per FCC Rules, 76.605)
Frequencies Leakage Limit (µV/m) Distance (m)
Less than 54 and
over 216 MHz 15 30
From 54 to 216 MHz 20 3

For operation in the frequency bands 108 to 137 MHz and

225 to 400 MHz, refer to section 76.610 of the FCC rules.

Field Intensity vs Dipole Level

Frequency
Channel (MHz) 20 µV/m 50 µV/m
2 55.25 –35.3dBmV –27.3 dBmV
4 67.25 –37.0 dBmV –29.0 dBmV
6 83.25 –38.8 dBmV –30.9 dBmV
FM 90.00 –39.5 dBmV –31.5 dBmV
FM 95.00 –40.0 dBmV –32.0 dBmV
FM 100.00 –40.4 dBmV –32.5 dBmV
FM 105.00 –40.8 dBmV –32.9 dBmV
60 109.25 –41.2 dBmV –33.2 dBmV
14 121.25 –42.1 dBmV –34.1 dBmV
16 133.25 –42.9 dBmV –35.0 dBmV
19 151.25 –44.0 dBmV –36.1 dBmV
7 175.25 –45.3 dBmV –37.3 dBmV
10 193.25 –46.1 dBmV –38.2 dBmV
13 211.25 –46.9 dBmV –39.0 dBmV

61
 Frequency
Channel (MHz) 20 µV/m 50 µV/m
2 55.25 –35.3dBmV –27.3 dBmV
4 67.25 –37.0 dBmV –29.0 dBmV
6 83.25 –38.8 dBmV –30.9 dBmV
FM 90.00 –39.5 dBmV –31.5 dBmV
FM 95.00 –40.0 dBmV –32.0 dBmV
FM 100.00 –40.4 dBmV –32.5 dBmV

Calculated data for the table above were derived from the
following equation.

 E (µV/m) 
V (dBmV) = 20 log10  / 1000
 0.021f(MHz) 
Correct as appropriate for antenna gain, preamplifier
gain, cable loss, and distance between cable and
antenna greater than three meters.
To convert from dBmV to µV/m:

dBmV
E (µV/m) = 21 f(MHz) × 10 20

62
 FFT*-*K/* Series Tap Specifications

Tap–to–Tap Isolation (dB)

5 - 30 MHz 20
30 - 750 MHz 25
750 - 1 GHz 20
Tap Value (dB)
FFT2 ±1.5
FFT4 ±1.5
FFT8 ±2.0
Return Loss (dB min), any port
10 - 30 MHz 16
30 - 600 MHz 18
600 - 1 GHz 16
Hum Modulation 70 dB minimum at 10 A,
60/90V
Current Carrying Capacity 12 A maximum (60/90V)
Dimensions 4.0” H X 2.9” W X 5.6” D

For additional specifications refer to the Motorola BCS

catalog.

63
 FFT*–*K/* Series Tap Specifications
Insertion Loss (dB)
Nom.
Tap 5 MHz 10 MHz 50 MHz 450 MHz 550 MHz 750 MHz 860 MHz 1000 MHz
Model Value Typ Max Typ Max Typ Max Typ Max Typ Max Typ Max Typ Max Typ Max
FFT2
4TK 4.3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
7K 7.5 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.7 5.0
10K 10.5 1.7 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.7 3.2 3.5
12K 12.0 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9
64

14K 14.0 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.9
17K 17.0 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.2
20K 20.0 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1
23K 23.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
26K 26.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
29K 29.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
32K 32.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
35K 35.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
FFT4
7TK 6.8 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
10K 10.3 3.3 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.2 4.5
 14K 14.4 1.6 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.3 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.5
15.5K 15.5 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.1
17K 17.0 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.8
20K 20.0 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.4
23K 23.0 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2
26K 26.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.1
29K 29.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.1
32K 32.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.1
35K 35.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.1
FFT8
65

10TK 10.4 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
14K 14.2 3.9 4.2 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.3
17K 17.8 1.8 2.1 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.5 3.8
20K 20.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.9
23K 22.5 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.4
26K 26.1 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.2
29K 29.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2
32K 32.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2
35K 35.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2
 SSP-K/* Series System Passives
Insertion Loss (dB)
5 MHz 10 MHz 50 MHz 450 MHz 550 MHz 750 MHz 860 MHz 1000 MHz
Model Typ Max Typ Max Typ Max Typ Max Typ Max Typ Max Typ Max Typ Max
SSP-K/*
PIK/* 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.1
3K/* 3.9 4.2 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.5
3.9 4.2 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.5
7K/* 2.0 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.9 4.2
7.3 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.4 8.3 8.6
66

9K/* 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 3.0
9.2 9.5 9.1 9.3 9.2 9.4 9.0 9.2 9.1 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.7 9.9 10.0 10.3
12K/* 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.4
11.7 12.0 11.4 11.6 11.4 11.6 11.5 11.7 11.6 11.8 12.0 12.2 12.5 12.7 13.2 13.5
16K/* 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.4
15.9 16.2 15.5 15.7 15.5 15.7 15.4 15.6 15.6 15.8 16.0 16.2 16.6 16.8 16.9 17.2
3-363K/* 7.1 7.5 7.0 7.2 7.0 7.2 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.7 8.9 9.7 10.0
7.1 7.5 7.0 7.2 7.0 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.4 8.6 9.5 10.0
3.8 4.2 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.7 5.1 5.4 5.8
Current handling: SSP-K/15, 15A maximum, all ports Dimensions: 5.53” H X 5.53” W X 2.50” D
SSP-K/10, 10A maximum, all ports
SSP–PIK

SSP-K
Passband 1000 MHz
RF/AC RF/AC
input output
Current Handling RF/AC
tap
(power Inserter)
SSP-K/15
Input: 20 A Maximum
Output: 15 A Maximum SSP-PI
SSP-K
RF/AC RF/AC
Input: 14 A Maximum
Output: 10 A Maximum

Terminal Match AC in
(dB min) either
5–30 16 port

30–750 18
750–1000 16
SSP-3-636K
RF/AC RF/AC
RF/ac Isolation input output
(dB) RF/AC
RF/AC
5–10 60 output
high
10–860 55 output

860–1000 50

67
 Feederline Equalizers
Model FFE-8- 8-86S 8-75S 8-750/55 HSG/86S
Passband (MHz)
Return 5–40 5–40 5–55 5–30
Forward 52–860 52–750 70–750 52–860
Maximum
Insertion Loss
Return (dB) 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.3
Min Frequency (dB) 8.0 8.0 7.7 N/A
Max Frequency (dB) 2.0 1.8 1.8 0.8
Includes Equalizer Yes Yes Yes No
Flatness Min/Max Freq ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5
Return Loss (dB) 18 18 18 18
Maximum Current
(Amps, continuous) 10 10 7 10
Hum Modulation
@ Maximum Current
Forward (dB) -70 -70 -70 -70
Return (dB) -60 -60 -60 -60

See the Motorola BCS catalog for additional details.

68
 Beat Table
The following table lists the greatest number of beats per
TV channel for standard U.S. frequency assignments.
Channel designations are EIA assignments.

Passband Number Triple Second Order On Chs

(MHz) of Chs Beats Channel Beats Channel 5 and 6
54-300 35 334 11 8 36 20
54-330 40 461 23 10 41 25
54-402 52 842 28 16 53 37
54-450 60 1156 32 20 61 45
54-504 69 1567 37 25 70 54
54-552 77 1983 41 29 78 62
54-654 94 3026 49 37 100 79
54-750 110 4206 57 45 116 95
54-864 129 5867 75 55 138 114
156-450 42 840 37 11 61 N/A
156-552 66 1552 45 20 78 N/A
222-450 38 495 42 N/A N/A N/A
222-552 55 1067 51 9 78 N/A

69
Signal–to–Interference Limits
for Non–Coherent Carriers
70
 Spectrum Analyzer
Analog Carrier/Noise Measurements
To measure carrier/noise ratio using a spectrum analyzer:
1 Measure the difference between the peak of sync
amplitude and the noise floor.
2 The measured noise is the sum of analyzer noise and
system noise. Remove the analyzer input or
preamplifier input, if used, terminate, and observe the
reduction in indicated noise.
3 Refer to the graph and correct the measurement in
step 1 for the true carrier/noise ratio.
Example:
The indicated C/N for a system was 43 dB as per step 1
above. The noise level dropped by 5 dB when the input of
the analyzer was disconnected.
From the graph below it is determined that the true C/N
ratio is 1.7 dB better. The true C/N is therefore 44.7 dB.
8
Noise indicated above actual

 ∆ 
N + N = 10 log10  10 10 − 1 − ∆
7  
 
6 ∆ = difference between analyzer noise floor
and system noise (dB)
5
4
3
2
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12
Difference between analyzer noise floor
and system noise (dB)

71
 Gain and Slope Reserves
Dual Pilot Amplifiers
Gain and Slope Reserves is terminology adopted to
describe the available change in slope and gain to
compensate for changes in cable attenuation, and
therefore signal changes, with temperature. The slope
reserve required at a low temperature (low cable
attenuation) is high. At high temperature (high cable
attenuation) the required reserve is low. This is reflected in
the table on page 73. Gain control is equally effective at all
frequencies and therefore can be checked at any
frequency in the bandpass. The slope control in a typical
amplifier with ASC includes a Bode control circuit and has
much greater effect at the high end frequency in the
bandpass. This general procedure applies to all amplifiers
which include a Bode control circuit. This procedure
assumes that separate controls are available for manual
and automatic control.
1 Switch to MANUAL GAIN and SLOPE and turn both controls
to fully open (maximum gain).
2 Reduce the output measured at the highest frequency
with the MANUAL SLOPE per the table on page 73.
Reduce the output an additional 1 to 3 dB by using the
MANUAL GAIN control.

3 Check the amplifier output at the highest frequency. It

should be at the desired output level. If necessary, install
JXP-* pads as required to achieve the desired output.
4 Switch SLOPE to AUTO and again reduce the output per
the table. Return the SLOPE control to MANUAL.
5 Switch GAIN to AUTO and again reduce the output as in
step 4.

72
6 Switch SLOPE to AUTO. The signal level should settle on
the proper output level after a few seconds.
Slope Reserve for a 550 MHz Amplifier
Temperature
°F °C Reserve (dB)
–20 –29 7.0
10 –12 6.0
40 4 5.0
65 18 4.0
95 35 3.0
120 49 2.0

Single Pilot Amplifiers

A Bode equalizer is employed in current production
distribution amplifiers to control gain and slope by
monitoring the amplitude of a single pilot. Included in this
category are the BTD-series, the MB-series, the
BLE-series, and the JLX-*/LC-series amplifiers.
To assure that the Bode equalizer is operating at the
proper point of its range requires adjustment using the
table on page 74. The table is intended for 750 MHz
amplifiers with a carrier near 750 MHz. Other frequencies
may be used if a 750 MHz carrier is not available; a
selection of alternate carriers is given in the table.
The procedure also applies to amplifiers that include
manual thermal control, such as the TDU, and automatic
control by the optional ACB-* or ADU control boards.

73
The recommended set-up procedure is:
1 Check plug-in pads and the cable equalizer to assure
that they are the correct value per design drawings.
Change the input pad to compensate for excessive
input level.
2 Select the manual operating mode. Turn the associated
gain control fully clockwise for maximum output.
Reduce the output by the reserve listed in the gain
reserves table for the present temperature.
3 Install an appropriate JXP-* pad if the output level is
higher than the desired operational level.
4 Measure the output tilt. It should be within 1 dB of
specifications. Install the next higher value equalizer if
the measured tilt is less than desired, or install the next
lower value equalizer if the tilt is greater than desired.
5 Select automatic operation, if the amplifier is equipped
with this feature. Restore the correct output level by
adjusting the associated control.
Refer to the instruction manual when a change of more
than one value of the cable equalizer is required.
Temperature Gain Reserve (dB)
°F °C 350 MHz 450 MHz 550 MHz 750 MHz
–20 –29 4.0 5.5 6.0 7.0
10 –12 3.5 4.5 5.0 6.0
40 4 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0
70 21 2.5 2.5 3.0 4.0
95 35 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.0
120 49 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0

Gain Reserve vs Ambient Temperature

74
 Torque Limits
Maximum Bolt Torque
Model Torque
Equipment Number (ft-lbs)
SJ–Series Trunk Housing STH–7 8
X–Series Trunk Housing XHSG 15
SX–Series Trunk Housing SXHG 15
MB–Series Housing MB–HSG 12
JLX, JLC, JLE Line Extenders JLX–HSG 5
BTD–Series Amplifier Housing BTA–SXHG 12
BLE–Series Line Extender Housing BLE-HSG 6
Aperture Plugs All 3
Passives and Taps SSP, FFT 3

Maximum Seizure Screw Torque

Model Torque
Equipment Number (in-lbs)
SJ–Series Trunk Housing STH–7 12
X–Series Trunk Housing XHSG 10
SX–Series Trunk Housing SXHG 12
MB–Series Housing MB–HSG 12
JLX, JLC, JLE Line Extenders JLX–HSG 12
BTD–Series Amplifier Housing BTA–SXHG 12
BLE–Series Line Extender Housing BLE-HSG 12
Passives and Taps SSP, FFT 20

75
 Regional Offices
Headquarters
Motorola BCS Ed Breen
101 Tournament Drive President
Horsham, PA 19044
Phone: (215) 323-1100
Fax: (215) 323-1102
Motorola BCS Matt Aden
101 Tournament Drive Senior Vice
Horsham, PA 19044 President
USA Worldwide
Phone: (215) 323-1207 Sales
Fax: (215) 323-1298

North American Accounts

Motorola BCS Pete Wronski
Plaza Tower One, Suite 1970 Vice President
6400 South Fiddler’s Green Circle North American
Englewood, CO 80111 Sales
Phone: (303) 740-6118
Fax: (303) 793-0897
Motorola BCS
5401 North Beach Street
Fort Worth, TX 76137
Phone: (817) 245-2000
Motorola BCS
Satellite and Broadcast Network Systems
6450 Sequence Drive
San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: (858) 455-1500

76
Motorola BCS Dennis Biglin
130 N. Main Street Director
Wallingford, CT 06492 National Accounts
Phone: (203) 269-7701
Fax: (203) 269-7703
Canada
Motorola BCS Wayne Rabey
1611 Courtney Park Drive East
Mississauga, Ontario L5T 1V9
Canada
Phone: (905) 564-6863
Fax: (905) 564-8627

International Regional Offices

Asia-Pacific Headquarters
China
General Instrument
China Holdings, Inc. K. Y. Chan
Bright China Chang An Building
No. 7 Jianguomen Nei Avenue
Beijing, 100005
Phone: + 86.10.65101630
Fax: + 86.10.65101633Argentina
Australia
Motorola Australia Pty. Ltd. Tony Pintado
Level 5, 601 Pacific Highway
St. Leonards, NSW 2065
Sydney, Australia
Phone: + 612 9437 8900

77
Hong Kong
General Instrument (Hong Kong) Ltd. Louis Leung
Room 1017, ChinaChem
Golden Plaza~
77 Mody Road
Tsimshatsui East - Kowloon
Hong Kong, China
Phone: +852.2587.1163
Fax: + 852.2587.1093
Japan
General Instrument (Japan) Ltd.
7th Floor, Toranomon Daini Toyo
Building, 1-12-15, Toranomon
Minato-Ku, Tokyo
105-001 Japan
Phone: +81-3-3502-1831
Fax: + 81-3-3502-1832

Singapore
General Instrument
(Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Steven Lee
10 Ang Mo Kio Street 65 Southeast Asia
#05-01 Ang Mo Kio Industrial Park 3 Sales Manager
Techpoint, Singapore 569059
Phone: + (65) 4867725
Fax: + (65) 4833872
Taiwan
General Instrument (Taiwan) Ltd. Ron Krisanda
General Instrument [Taiwan Ltd.]
No. 1, Lane 232, Pao Chiao Road,
Hsin Tien, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Phone: + 886.2.2.918.9145

78
India
GI India Private Limited S. Srikrishna
Suite 517-520 CFO
Prestige Centre Point
Bangalore, India 560 052
Phone: + 91.80.228.6785 or 91.80.228.225.7313
Fax: + 91.80.225.7320

Latin America Headquarters

Motorola BCS Adolfo Masini
1000 Corporate Drive Vice President,
Suite 700 Managing Director
Ft. Lauderdale, Fl. 33334India
Brazil
General Instrument (Brasil) Ltda. Alvaro Pacheco, Jr.
Rua Gildasio Amado, 55/2112
Barra da Tijuca
Rio de Janeiro - CEP 22631-020
Brasil
Phone: + 55.21.494.3132
Fax: + 55.21.493.6069
Sao Paulo
General Instrument (Brasil) Ltda. Alvaro Pacheco, Jr.
Rua Luigi Galvani, 70 - conjuno 32
São Paulo SP 04575-020
Brasil
Phone: + 55-11-5507-2822
Fax: + 55-11-5506-7730

79
Chile
General Instrument (Chile) Limitada Jorge Orellana
San Pio X #2460, Office 907
Providencia, Santiago
Chile 6650312
Phone: + 562.421.0935
Fax + 562.421.1120
Mexico
General Instrument (Mexico), Julio Villafane
S.A. de C.V.
Montes Urales 310-B
Col. Lomas de Chapultepec
C.P. 11000 Mexico, D.F.
Mexico
Phone: + 525.202.7474
Fax: + 525.202.3032

Europe
General Instrument (Europe) Ltd. Tony White
Imperium Vice President,
Imperial Way, Reading, Managing Director
Berkshire, England RG2 OTD
England
Phone:+ 44.1.18.975.5555
Fax: + 44.1.18.975.3933
France
General Instrument (France) SAS
7 Avenue Leon Eyrolles
94230 Cachan
France
Phone: + 331.4969.8500

80
Germany
Fuba Communications Systems GmbH
TecCenter
D 31162 Bad Salzdetfurth
Germany
Phone: + 49.5063.89.215
General Instrument Nürnberg GmbH
Löffelholsztraße 20
90441 Nürnberg
Germany
Phone: + 49.911.4230-433
Fax: + 49.911.4230-798

81
 Repair Depots
Distribution Products
General Instrument, dba
Motorola, Broadband Communications Sector
c/o William F. Joffroy, Inc.
Attn: RSA #___________
2011 N. Ocean Garden Drive
Nogales, AZ 85621
1-800-642-0442
Terminal Products
General Instrument, dba
Motorola, Broadband Communications Sector
Attn: RSA #___________
5964 E. 14th Street
Brownsville, TX 78521
1-800-227-0450
Headend Products
Motorola, Broadband Communications Sector
Attn: RSA #___________
5401 N. Beach Street
Fort Worth, TX 76137
1-817-245-2000
Digital Compression & Uplink Products
Motorola, Broadband Communications Sector
Attn: RSA #___________
6450 Sequence Drive
San Diego, CA 92121
1-800-457-1210