MCR3U – Unit 5 Review - Trigonometric Functions

1. Find the exact value for each of the following:

a) cos 330° d) cot 225°

b) sin 225° e) csc 150°

c) tan 135° f) sec 180°

2. Point 𝑃(6,3) lies on the terminal arm of angle 𝜃 in standard position.

a) Write these trig functions for angle 𝜃. Leave for answers in exact form (no decimals).

sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 =

csc 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =

b) Determine the measure of angle 𝜃 accurate to two decimal places.

3. Point 𝑃(−7, −2) lies on the terminal arm of angle 𝜃 in standard position.
a) Write these trig functions for angle 𝜃. Leave for answers in exact form (no decimals).

sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 =

csc 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =

b) Determine the measure of angle 𝜃 accurate to two decimal places.

2
4. Given cos 𝜃 = , 270° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360°,
5

a) State the 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 and 𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 of a point 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) on the terminal arm of the angle and its
distance 𝑟 = 𝑂𝑃 from the origin.

b) Use the coordinates and value of 𝑟 to complete the trigonometric ratios of angle 𝜃 below:

sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 =

csc 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =

c) Determine the value of the principal angle accurate to one decimal place.
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5. Given tan 𝜃 = − , 90° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 180°,
√53
a) State the 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 and 𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 of a point 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) on the terminal arm of the angle and its
distance 𝑟 = 𝑂𝑃 from the origin.

b) Use the coordinates and value of 𝑟 to complete the trigonometric ratios of angle 𝜃 below:

csc 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =

c) Determine the value of the principal angle accurate to one decimal place.

6. In triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, find the measure of angle 𝐵 if 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑐 = 4.8𝑐𝑚, 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎 = 4.1𝑐𝑚, and 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏 = 6.7𝑐𝑚. Round
your answer to one decimal place.

7. Solve triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 if angle 𝐴 = 112°, 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎 = 45𝑐𝑚, and 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏 = 24𝑐𝑚.

8. Solve triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 if angle 𝐴 = 38°, 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎 = 40𝑐𝑚, and 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏 = 52𝑐𝑚.

9. Find the length of 𝐴𝐵 if angle 𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 100°.

10. In the rectangular based pyramid, find the length of the sloping edge 𝐴𝐵 if the height, 𝐴𝐹, is 9𝑐𝑚.
11. The depth of water in a harbor is given by the equation 𝑑 = 2.5 sin[30(𝑡 − 12.75)]° + 4.5, where 𝑑 is the
depth of water in meters and 𝑡 is the time of day in hours.
a) Sketch the graph of 𝑑 vs 𝑡 for the first day. Label all main points on both axes.
b) State the cosine function for the function is part a).
c) At what times during the day does high tide occur (at what times is 𝑑 a maximum)?
d) What is the depth of water at 7: 20𝑝𝑚 accurate to two decimal places?
e) When is the first low tide of the day?

12. A water wheel with radius 7 meters is submerged 1 meter. The wheel rotates 6 revolutions per hour. Using
the point 𝑃 located on the rim of the water wheel, time is started when point 𝑃 is at its maximum height
(top of the wheel).
a) Sketch the graph of point 𝑃′𝑠 height above the water ℎ vs. time 𝑡 in minutes. Label main points on both
axes.
b) Write an equation for this function.
1
c) Where is point 𝑃 after 5 2 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠?

13. On June 22, the 173rd day of the year, Sydney Australia has its shortest day of the year with 8.64 hours of
daylight. On December 21, the 355th day of the year, Sydney has its longest day with 15.58 hours of daylight.
a) Sketch the graph of daylight hours vs. day number of the year. Label all main points on both axes.
b) Write an equation for this function.
c) Determine the number of hours of daylight on August 10th (day 122) accurate to two decimal places.

14. A ferris wheel has a radius of 7 m. The centre of the wheel is 8 m above the ground. The Ferris wheel
rotates at a constant speed of 15° per second. The height above the ground of the only red seat can be
modelled by the function ℎ(𝑡) = 8 + 7sin(15𝑡)°.
a) Determine the height of the red seat at the start of the ride.

b) What is the maximum height of any seat?

c) When is the red seat at its maximum height during the first rotation?

d) What is the minimum height of any seat?

e) When is the red seat at its minimum height during the first rotation?

f) How long will it take for the red seat to complete two full rotations?
15. Prove the following identities.

cot 𝜃−1 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃+1

a) = cot 𝜃 c) =
1−tan 𝜃 1−cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

b) cot 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 ∙ csc 𝜃 d) sin2 𝜃 + cos4 𝜃 = sin2 𝜃(csc 2 𝜃 − cos2 𝜃)

16. Solve for 𝜃, 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360°

a) sin 2𝜃 = 0 b) sin2 𝜃 + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 −2 = 0

Answers

1. a) cos 330° = 0.866 d) cot 225° = 1

b) sin 225° = −0.707 e) csc 150° = 2

c) tan 135° = −1 f) sec 180° = −1

3 6 3 1
2. a) sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 = 6 = 2
√45 √45

√45 √45 6
csc 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 = 3 = 2
3 6

c) d 𝜃 ≅ 26.57°

2 7 −2 2
3. a) sin 𝜃 = − cos 𝜃 = − tan 𝜃 = −7 = 7
√53 √53

√53 √53 −7 7
csc 𝜃 = − sec 𝜃 = − cot 𝜃 = −2 = 2
2 7

b) 𝜃 ≅ 195.95°

4. a) point 𝑃 has coordinates (2, −√21)

distance from origin 𝑟 = 5

√21 2 √21
b) sin 𝜃 = − cos 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 = −
5 5 2

5 5 2
csc 𝜃 = − sec 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 = −
√21 2 √21
5. a) point 𝑃 has coordinates (−√53, 7)
distance from origin 𝑟 = √102

3 6 3 1
b) sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 = 6 = 2
√45 √45

√45 √45 6
csc 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 = 3 = 2
3 6

d) 𝜃 ≅ 26.57°

6. We use the cosine law that contains angle 𝐵:

𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2 ∙ 𝑎 ∙ 𝑐 ∙ cos 𝐵

𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 − 𝑐 2 (6.7)2 − (4.1)2 − (4.8)2

cos 𝐵 = = = −0.128
−2 ∙ 𝑎 ∙ 𝑐 −2 ∙ (4.1) ∙ (4.8)

𝐵 = cos−1 (−0.128) ≅ 97.36°

7. Using sine law, sin 𝐵 = 0.4945 ⟹ 𝐵 = 29.6° 𝑜𝑟 150.4°. In the problem, angle 𝐴 = 112°, so there is no way
for the angle 150.4° to fit inside the same triangle. For this reason, we say that angle 𝐵 must be 29.6°.

𝑐 = 30.1𝑐𝑚, 𝐵 = 29.6°, 𝐶 = 38.4°

8. Using the sine law, sin 𝐵 = 0.8004 ⟹ 𝐵 = 53.2° 𝑜𝑟 126.8°. Both of these angles (53.2° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 126.8°) could
potentially fit in this triangle. See the diagram below.

If 𝐵 = 53.2°, 𝐴 = 38°, 𝐶 = 88,8°, 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑐 = 65𝑐𝑚.

 If 𝐵 = 126.8°, 𝐴 = 38°, 𝐶 = 15.2°, 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑐 = 17𝑐𝑚.

9. Using the triangles in the vertical planes, we calculate the lengths of sides 𝑂𝐴 and 𝑂𝐵:

1500𝑚 1500𝑚
tan 23° = ⟹ 𝑂𝐴 = tan 23° ≅ 3533.78𝑚
𝑂𝐴

1500𝑚 1500𝑚
tan 38° = ⟹ 𝑂𝐵 = tan 38° ≅ 1919.91𝑚
𝑂𝐵

Now we use cosine law on the triangle in the horizontal plane:

𝐴𝐵2 = 𝑂𝐵2 + 𝑂𝐴2 − 2 ∙ 𝑂𝐵 ∙ 𝑂𝐴 ∙ cos 𝐴𝑂𝐵

𝐴𝐵2 = (3533.78)2 + (1919.91)2 − 2 ∙ 3533.78𝑚 ∙ 1919.91𝑚 ∙ cos 100°

𝐴𝐵2 = 18530005.37𝑚 2

𝐴𝐵 = √18530005.37𝑚 2 ≅ 4304.6𝑚

10. We draw point 𝐺 at the midpoint between 𝐵 and 𝐶.

In triangle 𝐴𝐹𝐺, side 𝐴𝐺 = √𝐴𝐹 2 + 𝐹𝐺 2 = √92 + 3.32 = √91.89 ≅ 9.59𝑐𝑚

in triangle 𝐴𝐺𝐵, side 𝐴𝐵 = √𝐴𝐺 2 + 𝐵𝐺 2 = √9.592 + 4.12 = √108.7 ≅ 10.43𝑐𝑚.

11. a) 𝑑 = 2.5 sin[30(𝑡 − 12.75)]° + 4.5

b) 𝑑 = 2.5 cos[30(𝑡 − 3.75)]° + 4.5 or 𝑑 = 2.5 sin[30(𝑡 − 15.75)]° + 4.5

c) 𝑑 is a maximum at 𝑡 = 3.75 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 (3: 45𝑎𝑚) and 𝑡 = 15.75 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 (3: 45𝑝𝑚)
 d) 7: 20𝑝𝑚 ⟹ 𝑡 = 19.33 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝑑 = 2.5 sin[30(19.33 − 12.75)]° + 4.5 ≅ 3.75 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

e) at low tide, 𝑑 = 2.5(−1) + 4.5 = 2 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

2 = 2.5 sin[30(𝑡 − 12.75)]° + 4.5 ⟹ 𝑡 = 9.75 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 (9: 45𝑎𝑚)

12. a)

b) ℎ(𝑡) = 7 cos(36𝑡) + 6 ; ℎ(𝑡) = 7 sin[36(𝑡 − 7.5)] + 6

c) At 𝑡 = 5.5 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 , ℎ(5.5) = 7 cos(36(5.5)) + 6 = −0.66 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

13. a)

360
b) ℎ(𝑡) = 3.47 cos[365 (𝑡 + 10)] + 12.11

360
c) ℎ(122) = 3.47 cos[365 (122 + 10)] + 12.11 = 9.87 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
14. a) ℎ(0) = 8 + 7sin(15 ∙ 0)° = 8 + 7 ∙ 0 = 8𝑚

b) maximum height occurs when sin 𝜃 = 1 ⟹ ℎ = 8 + 7 ∙ 1 = 15𝑚

90°
c) 15 = 8 + 7sin(15𝑡)° ⟹ sin(15𝑡)° = 1 ⟹ 15𝑡 = sin−1 (1) = 90 ° ⟹ 𝑡 = 15° = 6 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

d) minimum height occurs when sin 𝜃 = −1 ⟹ ℎ = 8 + 7 ∙ −1 = 8 − 7 = 1𝑚

270°
e) 1 = 8 + 7sin(15𝑡)° ⟹ sin(15𝑡)° = −1 ⟹ 15𝑡 = sin−1(−1) = 270 ° ⟹ 𝑡 = = 18 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
15°

1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 360°
f) rotation rate = ∙ 1 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∙ 2 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 48 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
15°

cos θ cos θ sin θ cos θ−sin θ

cot θ−1 −1 −sin θ cos θ−sin θ cos θ cos θ
15. a) LS = 1−tan θ = sin θ
sin θ
sin θ
= cos θ sin θ = sin θ
cos θ−sin θ = ∙ cos θ−sin θ = = cot θ = RS
1−cos θ − sin θ sin θ
cos θ cos θ cos θ

cos θ sin θ cos2 θ+ sin2 θ 1

b) LS = cot θ + tan θ = + cos θ = = sin θ∙cos θ = sec θ ∙ csc θ = RS
sin θ sin θ∙cos θ

sin θ sin θ 1+cos θ sin θ(1+cos θ) sin θ(1+cos θ) sin θ(1+cos θ) 1+cos θ
c) LS = 1−cos θ = 1−cos θ ∙ 1+cos θ = (1−cos θ)(1+cos θ) = = = = RS
(1−cos2 θ) sin2 θ sin θ

d) LS = sin2 θ +cos4 θ RS = sin2 θ(csc 2 θ − cos2 θ)

= (1 − cos2 θ) + cos4 θ 1
= sin2 θ(sin2 θ − cos2 θ)
= 1 − cos2 θ + cos4 θ 1−cos2 θ ∙sin2 θ)
= sin2 θ( sin2 θ
= 1 − cos2 θ ∙ sin2 θ
= 1 − cos2 θ (1 − cos2 θ)
= 1 − cos2 θ +cos4 θ

16. a) 𝜃 = 0°, 90°, 180°

b) 𝜃 = 0°, 360°